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Sanitary Fittings - Building services
Water supply involves delivering water via pumps and pipes for public, commercial, or individual use. There are two main types of water systems: plumbing for inlet pipes and drainage for outlet pipes. Common pipe materials include metal, cement, and plastic. Fittings connect pipe sections and allow changes in direction and diameter. Common fittings include tees, elbows, couplings, reducers, bushings, and valves which regulate water flow. Drainage, waste, and vent systems use specific fittings designed for gravity-driven wastewater removal.
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Sanitary Fittings - Building services
- 1. Water supply And fittings Presentationby: Chitra Faizan Monauwwar
- 2. Water supply isthe provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavours or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes. Irrigation is covered separately. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF WATER SUPPLY PLUMBING (INLET) DRAINAGE (OUTLET)
- 3. Various types ofpipes used Metallic pipes - CI Pipes (Cast Iron Pipes), Steel Pipes, GI Pipes (Galvanised Iron Pipes) Cement Pipes - Cement Pipes, Asbestos Cement Pipes (AC Pipes) Plastic Pipes - Un-plasticised Pipes PVC (UPVC) Pipes, Polythene Pipes(low density pipe)
- 4. A fitting isused in pipe plumbing systems to connect straight pipe or tubing sections. The term plumbing is generally used to describe conveyance of water, gas, or liquid waste in ordinary domestic or commercial environments. Plumbing fittings have different shapes which allow rigid straight pipe to change both direction and diameter. Fittings are offered with two basic connection types: fittings receiving pipe and fittings that are inserted into a hub. A fitting design known as a street fitting has one end that receives pipe and one end that is the same connection type as the pipe. Not all material types or fitting designs are offered in a street-fitting design. Various Fitting Designs
- 5. Tees • A fittinghaving three connections used for pressure systems is known as a tee. • Allow for branch lines. • In these fittings the intersection is slightly curved in order to avoid clogs, Gradual bends are best for smooth flow of waste.
- 6. Couplings • A couplingis also known as a sleeve and connects two equal-sized pipe ends to form one continuous pipe.
- 7. Reducers • Used tojoin pipe of different diameters. • All reducers make a gradual transition between different diameters of pipe and therefore they take up considerable space.
- 8. Bushings • Used tomake the diameter of a pipe fitting smaller. • They differ from reducers in that they make abrupt changes in diameter and take very little space.
- 9. Adaptor fittings • Usedto change the end of a non-threaded pipe to male or female threads as needed. • Adaptors are commonly used in copper and plastic plumbing jobs. • Male adaptors and female adaptors are both common.
- 10. Unions Used to joinpieces of pipe where pipes cannot be turned or when a piece of equipment may have to be removed for maintenance or replacement
- 11. Elbows • Used tochange the angle or direction of the pipe run. • The most common elbows come in 90 degrees and 45 degrees turns. - The sweep of the fitting describes how fast a transition or change in direction is made.
- 12. Drainage Waste andVents Drainage waste and vent represents the combined drainage and vent systems. Fittings in the installation of a DWV system are designed to allow wastewater and sewage to flow with little resistance out of a drainage system by gravity. Material Abbreviation Residential Use DWV Polyvinyl Chloride DWV PVC Extensively throughout USA DWV Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene DWV ABS Some states in USA No-hub Cast Iron NHCI Vertical stacks for noise control Service Weight Cast Iron SVCI Rarely Galvanized Galv. Rarely DWV Copper Type DWV Rarely
- 13. Wye A wyehas three connections and is named based on its similarity to the letter Y. The side outlet connection is known as a branch. The 45 branch creates a direction of flow to eliminate disturbance of wastewater within a DWV piping system.
- 14. Combo Combo isa trade name for a three-sided fitting that creates a long radius 90 branch (side inlet) that is perpendicular to the run. Manufactured to eliminate having to create a single fitting by combining a wye and 45. A combo is used extensively in the drainage system with the branch and run in the vertical or horizontal positions.
- 15. Twin Elbow Atwin elbow has the same flow pattern as a sanitary tee, sanitary cross, and a standard 90 elbow. Its name is derived from being two 90 fittings uniquely manufactured to connect back-to-back fixtures in a confined space.
- 16. Test Tee Cannotreceive discharge from the drain. Used to provide access for cleaning and is often referred to as the cleanout tee. A test tee has three connections.
- 17. A valve isa device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. In an open valve, fluid flows in a direction from higher pressure to lower pressure. It is a fitting commonly used to control the flow. VALVE
- 18. 1. Body 2. Ports 3.Seats 4. Stem 5. Disc when valve is open 6. Handle or hand-wheel when valve is open 7. Bonnet 8. Packing 9. Gland nut 10.Fluid flow when valve is open 11.Position of disc if valve were shut 12.Position of handle or hand-wheel if valve were shut
- 19. GATE VALVE • Agate valve is a valve situated between the point of connection and the rest of plumbing system. • It usually remains wide open, but can be shut down in case of repairs or additions have to be made to the system. • A gate valve is not designed to be opened and closed on a regular basis.
- 20. GLOBE VALVE • Aglobe valve different from ball valve is a type of valve used for regulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of a movable disk- type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body.
- 21. BALL COCK VALVE Atraditional gravity toilet tank The handle is pressed and the flush cycle begins. The flapper has closed, and the tank refills within seconds. 1. float, 2. fill valve, 3. lift arm, 4. tank fill tube, 5. bowl fill tube, 6. flush valve flapper, 7. overflow tube, 8. flush handle, 9. chain, 10. fill line, 11. fill valve shaft, 12. flush tube A ballcock (also ball-tap or float valve) is a mechanism or machine for filling water tanks, such as those found in flush toilets, while avoiding overflow and (in the event of low water pressure) backflow.
- 22. SUMMARY Most fittingsare manufactured with the same material as the connecting pipe. Brass fittings can be interchangeable with numerous piping materials. Threaded fittings can be used to connect different material types. Dissimilar metal connections can cause corrosion and must be protected against electrolysis. DWV fittings are not designed for use with pressure piping systems. Water piping fittings have more compact design than DWV fittings. A male adapter has external threads and a female adapter has internal threads. A street fitting design has one end that is the same outside diameter as the connecting pipe A fitting socket is also known as the hub.
- 23. BIBLIOGRAPHY • www.Wikipedia.org • www.jdvalves.com •www.wisegeek.org • www.slideshare.com