Science Review For Sol For 2nd Benchmark

Water-related environments include those with fresh water or salt water. Examples include ponds, marshes, swamps, streams, rivers, and oceans. Dry-land environments include deserts, grasslands, rain forests, and forests. There are distinct differences among pond, marshland, swamp, stream, river, ocean, desert, grassland, rainforest, and forest environments. A community is all of the populations that live together in the same place. Examples of a dry-land community would be a forest made up of trees, squirrels, worms, rabbits, and hawks. An example of a water-related community would be an ocean made up of fish, crabs, and seaweed. A population is a group of organisms of the same kind that lives in the same place. Examples of a population are a group of swans in a pond, a school of fish in a river, and a herd of cattle in the grassland. Organisms compete for the limited resources in their specific environment.

Physical adaptations help animals survive in their environments. Examples include camouflage and mimicry. Behavioral adaptations allow animals to respond to life needs. Examples include hibernation, migration, instinct, and learned behavior. In order to survive, animals act in different ways to gather and store food, find shelter, defend themselves, and rear their young. Some animals go on a long-distance journey from one place to another as seasons change (migration). Various animals blend into their environments to protect themselves from enemies (camouflage). Some animals look like other animals to avoid being eaten (mimicry). This adaptation helps protect them from their predators. (For example, the viceroy butterfly tastes good to birds, but the monarch butterfly tastes bad. Because the viceroy looks like the monarch butterfly, it is safer from predators.) Some animals are born with natural behaviors that they need in order to survive in their environments. These behaviors are not learned but are instinctive, such as a beaver building a dam or a spider spinning a web. Some behaviors need to be taught in order for the animal to survive, such as bear cub learning to hunt.

A food chain shows a food relationship among plants and animals in a specific area or environment. Terrestrial organisms are found on land habitats such as deserts, grasslands, and forests. Aquatic organisms are found in water habitats such as ponds, marshes, swamps, rivers, and oceans. A green plant makes its own food from sunlight, air, and water. Green plants are producers. A consumer is an animal t hat eats living organisms (plant or animal). Certain organisms break down decayed plants and animals into smaller pieces that can be used again by living things. These organisms are decomposers. A food chain, which shows part of a food web, can have an animal that eats only plants (herbivore). It can have an animal that eats only other animals (carnivore). It can also have an animal that eats both plants and animals (omnivore). An animal can hunt other animals to get its food (predator). An animal can be hunted by another animal for food (prey).

The following pages contain very important Science Vocabulary that you will need to know to pass the 2 nd Science Benchmark. Please study. You can make flash cards or type them up yourself.

Back to Board Carnivore – an animal that only eats other animals. Consumer – an organism that eats other organisms. Decomposer – an organism that breaks down dead plants and animals into smaller pieces that can be used again by living things. Food chain – the way energy passes from one organism to another organism in a community. Food web – the combination of many food chains showing food relationships in a community. Herbivore – an animal that eats only plants. Omnivore – an animal that eats both plants and animals. Predator – an animal that can hunt other animals to get its food. Prey – an animal that is hunted by another animal for food. Producer – an organism that makes its own food (plant).

Show Answer Behavioral Adaptations – behaviors that animals exhibit in order to respond to life needs. Camouflage – a physical adaptation some animals have in which their fur, feathers , or skin coloring allows them to blend into the environment, allowing them to be protected from predators or hidden from prey. Hibernation – a deep winter sleep that some animals go through in which their body activities slow down and they live off stored energy in the form of body fat. Instinct – natural behaviors that some animals are born with and need to survive in their environments, such as a bird’s song or running from danger. Learned behavior – a behavior that an animal is taught. Migration – a long distance journey from one place to another as seasons change and the availability of food changes. Mimicry – the ability of some animals to look like other animals to avoid being eaten, such as the viceroy butterfly mimicking the poisonous monarch butterfly’s wind patterns and color. Physical adaptations – structural characteristics that help animals survive in their environments.

Back to Board Community – all the populations that live together in the same place. Environment – all the living and nonliving things that surround an organism. Population – a group of organisms of the same kind that live in the same place. Examples – a school of fish in a river, a herd of cattle in the grassland, a group of swans in a pond

Try these released test items from the Virginia Department of Education. Answers follow each slide.

B: Grassland animals Back to Board

Show Answer What are adult cardinals able to do that baby cardinals are unable to do? A Fly B Make noise C Breathe air D Sleep

Show Answer A dog gets the energy it needs to run from — A the air B the Sun C food D water

Show Answer Cows are farm animals that eat only plants . Which of these kinds of living things is a cow? F Decomposer G Herbivore H Carnivore J Producer

Show Answer When a tadpole grows, its gills change into lungs. What does it now need to survive? A Air B Water C Soil D Fins

A: eats other animals Back to Board

C: They help to break down dead organisms. Back to Board

G: an omnivore Back to Board

End It Authored by Jeff Ertzberger - 2004 University of North Carolina at Wilmington All rights reserved. All Clipart and Sounds Copyright Microsoft PowerPoint and Microsoft Office Gallery Online – All Rights Reserved. Some images have been modified from original version. This presentation may not be sold, or redistributed without written permission, and may only be used for non-profit educational use. Using and Distributing this Template You are free to use this template in non-profit educational settings. If you improve it, I ask that you send it back to me with your improvements so that I can share it with others. You will be given credit for your improvements. If your improvements include media such as: clip art, pictures, sounds, etc be sure that you obtain permission to use and distribute those before sending it to me. Send improvements to: [email_address]

Science Review For Sol For 2nd Benchmark

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Science Review For Sol For 2nd Benchmark