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Scientific Method
The document outlines the scientific method process used by scientists to conduct experiments. It describes the key steps as observation, inference, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion. The scientific method involves making an observation, inferring why it occurred, hypothesizing with an "if...then" statement, designing a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis, and analyzing the results to draw a conclusion. An example experiment is provided to illustrate how pollution (independent variable) could be tested against fish deaths (dependent variable). The scientific process aims to build knowledge through experiments that may confirm or refute hypotheses.
Scientific Method
- 1. Scientific Method How ScientistsDo Science
- 2. Science is Aprocess of Discovery Determining Cause and Effect
- 3. How does thiswork?
- 4. Watch out forBOLD vocabulary words!
- 5. Scientific Method 1. Observation– uses 5 senses, a fact 2. Inference – Why do I think (what ever I observed) happened? 3. Hypothesis – Statement of reasonable guess what happened “If….then….”
- 6. Scientific Method (cont.) 4.Controlled Experiment – way of testing the hypothesis/guess More on this…. 5. Conclusion – seeing if the data from the experiment agrees with the hypothesis It’s ok if it doesn’t!
- 7. Lets put Scienceinto Action Observation Inference Hypothesis Controlled Experiment Conclusion
- 8. Controlled Experiment Theheart of science Eliminates other causes so we can link a single cause with a single event.
- 9. Controlled Experiment Hypothesis:If the water is polluted, then the fish will die. Cause: Pollution Effect: Death Set up 2 groups to test the hypothesis Control Group: Normal Conditions No pollution in the water Experimental Group: Change one thing Put pollution in the water
- 10. Controlled Experiment IndependentVariable – What have I changed? Presence or absense of pollution Dependent Variable – What will I measure? Number of dead fish
- 11. Controlled Experiment Synonyms Independent Variable Manipulated Variable CauseEx. Pollution Dependent Variable Responding Variable Effect Ex Fish Deaths
- 12. Other parts ofan experiment Controlled Variables – all the other stuff that could effect the experiment. This has to be kept the same between the experimental and control groups.
- 13. Data – Chartform Independent Variable Dependent Variable No Pollution 43 live fish, 2 dead fish Pollution 20 live fish, 30 dead fish
- 14. Data – Graphform X axis – Independent Variable – Quantity of Pollution Y axis – Dependent Variable – Number of live fish
- 15. We will spendmore time on graphing as it is ALWAYS on the Regents…and also on your test.
- 16. Use the Datato draw a Conclusion Hypothesis: If the water is polluted, then the fish will die. Does the data agree (confirm) or disagree (refute) our hypothesis? It is ok to disprove a hypothesis. What else might be going on?
- 17. Are there anynew questions that could be asked? Creative Thinking is Key! Be Curious About the World
- 18. Science builds onprior knowledge There is always more to learn! Experiment Experiment New questions New Questions New Experiment New Experiment More new Questions More New Questions More new questions More new questions
- 19. A few moreterms Theory – an accumulated body of knowledge that is well tested and unifies a broad range of observations Gene-Chromosome Theory of Genetics Cell Theory of Life Evolutionary Theory Law – an accepted fact Law of Gravity