Scientific Method.pdf

Scientific Method.pdf

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  Dr/ Abdel MoneimSaleh HUM 109 R & A skills
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  Scientific Method of research
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  Scientific Method ofresearch It is way to solve problems, it is a tool that helps scientists and the rest of us to solve problems and determine answers to questions in a logical format. It provides step-by-step, general directions to help us work through problems.  Science Vs. Belief Belief: is knowing something without needing evidence. Science: requires that beliefs be continuously tested against evidence from the real world.
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  4 Do you haveany problems to solve? Where are My Shoes? What should I have for lunch? What class do I have next? Did I do my homework for that class? What is the cure for cancer? Which deodorant works the longest
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  Seven steps tothe scientific method: 1. Identify a problem (Ask question) 2. Research the problem (Observation) 3. Formulate a hypothesis. 4. Conduct an experiment. 5. Data analysis/Results 6. Conclusion. 7. Communicate the result
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  Flowchartof scientific method ofresearch www.wiredprof.com 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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  Scientists develop aquestion about a problem. 7 They need to be very specific in defining what they are trying to explain or solve (empirically observed experiences, i.e. from the five senses). Gather information about the problem /question and obtain facts and ideas from books, journals, internet, etc. Cite these resources. 1. Identify a problem (Ask question) 2. Research the problem (Observation)
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  Hypothesis: An explanationfor an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation.  Once you have possible answers from your research, you need to pick one answer that you think is most accurate.  If your results did not support your hypothesis, don't change or manipulate your findings to fit your original hypothesis.  Simply explain why things did not go as expected. Hypothesis: Not Supported ???  Inventions discovered by mistake:  Penicillin (antibiotic)  Microwave Oven 3. Formulate a hypothesis.
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   Scientists conductan experiment to test their hypothesis.  This should include a materials list and a procedure with step-by- step directions.  Every experiment has variables!  Variables: is anything that changes or could change in an experiment. Variables Independent variable Dependent variable Constant variable 4. Conduct an experiment.
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  10 3-Controlled variables: quantitiesthat a scientist wants to remain constant. 1- Independent variable: is the one that is changed by the scientist. 2-Dependent variable: what the scientist observe after changing the independent variable Example:
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  Observation: To lookat and record what you see.  Once you have completed your experiment, look at the results, and comment on any patterns, observations, findings. You may include graphs, pictures, and/or recordings.  A key to experiments is observing what happens and writing it down Data analysis: Determine whether your data/results from the experiment supports (or not) your hypothesis; if not, it may be necessary to review your information /research and revise your hypothesis. 5. Data analysis/Results
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  Conclusion: What didyou find the answer to the question was?  It is OK if your hypothesis was not correct. You learned!!  Scientists share their experiments and findings with others.  Because they share their experiments and findings, scientists can learn from each other and often use someone else’s experiences to help them with what they are studying or doing. 6. Conclusion. 7. Communicate the result
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  Example (3): Answerthe following question using scientific method of research; “Why is the Sky Blue”? 13 Possible Answers:  Because the sky reflects blue.  Because it is made up of blue matter.  Because particles in the sky refract and scatters the blue wavelength of light. 1- Ask a question: Why is the Sky blue? 2- Do background research: gather information using the internet or a textbook. It may generate more questions, or give you a possible answer.
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  14 3- Construct ahypothesis: I think that particles in the sky refract and scatter blue light making it appear as the sky is blue. 4- Test your hypothesis:  I will test my hypothesis by seeing if light can be separated into different colors. This would help prove this hypothesis. My Experiment: 1. Materials: prism (to separate light), light ray box, 2. Method: (What will I do): i. Collect equipment and set up using the diagram ii. Shine light into the prism iii. Record your results
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  16/04/1442 5- Analyze yourdata: From experiment you can see in the photographic evidence that light can be separated into the 7 colors of the rainbow. 6- Conclusions: This proves that Blue is a part of white light and that it could be separated and scattered across the sky, making the sky look blue. 7- Report your results: Produce a poster board, PowerPoint, Scientific Journal, Website, Video or booklet of your experiment and findings.