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Scope and nature of educational psychology
Educational psychology helps teachers and school administrators address problems in teaching and learning that they were previously unable to solve due to inexperience, lack of psychological knowledge, and heavy workloads. It is the study of how social interactions and experiences influence a child's development and ability to learn. Educational psychology provides a scientific basis for understanding teaching and learning processes, handling individual differences, and ensuring students are ready and motivated to learn. It helps teachers decide what, when, how, and why to teach to best facilitate long-term retention of information.
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Scope and nature of educational psychology
- 2. HISTORY In thebeginning school teachers and school management tried to solve the problems came in teaching learning process but they were unable to shoulder this responsbilty due to inexperience , lack of psyclogical knowledge and heavy school work load.
- 3. Educational psychologyis the name of that change which takes place as result of social interaction which a child has developed on the basis of his experience make use of these during the process of learning.(GARRISON) Educational psychology is such a knowledge which helps in solving teaching learning process.(GAGE AND BARLINER)
- 4. It isan organized study proves its reality on scientific bases. Not limited to the class room. Provide bases for developed teaching learning Process. Handles the individual differences.
- 5. According topsychologists a child cannot learn unless he is ready for it. Child natural aptitude and potentialities should be kept in mind .So that the interest must be created for learning. New knowledge must be presented in accordance with child past experience and new environment.
- 6. Educational psychologyhelps a teacher in students learning process. What to teach…….? What not to teach the child…? Why children forget….? What kind of information students retain for longer period of time…..? How the teaching stuff should be revised.
- 7. The teachershould take guidance from psychology to select the method of teaching according to the class, age, level, aptitude, and need of the students. Play is essential and most fundamental requirement for motivation of young children.
- 8. Scope refersto the fields of operations, applications, topics, and subject matter with which it deals. Since educational psychology is an emerging and growing subject, its scope has never been fixed or static. It has always been changing its boundaries. As a result of new findings in the field, educational psychology has always been adding new dimensions to its areas of activity.
- 9. 1. TheLearner. The subject-matter of educational psychology is knitted around the learner. Therefore, the need of knowing the learner and the techniques of knowing him well. The topics include – the innate abilities and capacities of the individuals, individual differences and their measurements, the overt, covert, conscious as well as unconscious behaviour of the learner, the characteristics of his growth and development and each stage beginning from childhood to adulthood.
- 10. Educational Psychologyhelps in deciding what learning experiences are desirable, at what stage of the growth and development of the learner, so that these experiences can be acquired with a greater ease and satisfaction.
- 11. After knowingthe learner and deciding what learning experiences are to be provided, Educational Psychology moves on to the laws, principles and theories of learning. Other items in the learning process are remembering and forgetting, perceiving, concept formation, thinking and reasoning, problem solving, transfer of learning, ways and means of effective learning etc.
- 12. . Herewe deal with the environmental factors and learning situations which come midway between the learner and the teacher. Topics like classroom climate and group dynamics, techniques and aids that facilitate learning and evaluation, techniques and practices, guidance and counselling etc. For the smooth functioning of the teaching-learning process.
- 13. The teacheris a potent force is any scheme of teaching and learning process. It discusses the role of the teacher. It emphasizes the need of ‘knowing thyself’for a teacher to play his role properly in the process of education. His conflicts, motivation. Anxiety, adjustment, level of aspiration etc. It throws light on the essential personality traits, interests, aptitudes, the characteristics of effective teaching etc so as to inspire him for becoming a successful teacher.
- 14. Though theentire scope of Educational Psychology is included in the above mentioned five key-factors, it may be further expanded by adding the following:
- 15. . Itstudies Human Behaviour in educational situations. Psychology is the study of behaviour, and education deals with the modification of behaviour; hence, educational psychology pervades the whole field of education.
- 16. It studiesthe Growth and Development of the child. How a child passes through the various stages of growth and what are the characteristics of each stage are included in the study of educational psychology.
- 17. . Towhat extent Heredity and Environment contribute towards the growth of the individual, and how this knowledge can be made use of for bringing about the optimum development of the child; form a salient feature of the scope of educational psychology.
- 18. Educational psychologydeals with the Nature and Development of the Personality of an individual. In fact, education has been defined as the all-round development of the personality of an individual; personality development also implies a well-adjusted personality.
- 19. It studiesIndividual Difference: Every individual differs from every other individual. It is one of the fundamental facts of human nature which have been brought to light by educational psychology. This one fact has revolutionalised the concept and process of education.
- 20. . Itstudies the nature Intelligence and its Measurement. This is of utmost importance for a teacher. Guidance and Counselling: . It Provides Guidance and Counselling: Education is nothing but providing guidance to the growing child.
- 21. We canconclude by saying that Educational Psychology is narrower in scope than general psychology. While general psychology deals with the behaviour of the individual in a general way, educational psychology in concerned with the behaviour of the learner in an educational setting.
- 22.