Search engine optimization (SEO) involves optimizing websites and webpages to appear higher in search engine results. As search engines developed more complex ranking algorithms considering additional on-page and off-page factors, SEO techniques evolved from early keyword stuffing to a more holistic approach. Social media optimization (SMO) aims to drive traffic to websites through social media engagement and sharing on platforms like blogs, social networks, and video/photo sites. Both SEO and SMO techniques continue adapting to changes in search engine algorithms and social media behaviors.