![Sectoral Infrastructure Development
“Expanding investment in infrastructure can
play an important counter cyclical role.
Projects and programmes [are] to be reviewed
in
the
area
of
infrastructure
development, including pure public private
partnerships,
to
ensure
that
their
implementation is expedited and does not
suffer from [the] fund crunch.”
Dr.
Manmohan
Singh,
Indian
Prime
Minister,
(quoted
in
newspaper](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sectoralinfrastructuredevelopment-140129125004-phpapp02/75/Sectoral-Infrastructure-Development-3-2048.jpg)
![Sectoral Infrastructure Development
• “The link between infrastructure and economic
development is not a once and for all affair. It is
a continuous process; and progress in
development
has
to
be
preceded, accompanied, and followed by
progress in infrastructure, if we are to fulfill our
declared objectives of generating a selfaccelerating process of economic development.”
• Dr. V. K. R. V. Rao [noted Indian
economist, early 1980s]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sectoralinfrastructuredevelopment-140129125004-phpapp02/75/Sectoral-Infrastructure-Development-4-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byGAURAV. H .TANDON
Sectoral Infrastructure Development
This document discusses sectoral infrastructure development in India. It notes that infrastructure investment plays an important role in economic growth and development. Large investments are planned for various infrastructure sectors like roads, ports, railways, and airports to support India's growing economy. Public-private partnerships are seen as key to funding these infrastructure improvements. The regulatory environment is also being reformed and liberalized to encourage greater private and foreign investment in India's infrastructure development.
More Related Content
Similar to Sectoral Infrastructure Development
Sectoral Infrastructure Development
- 1.
- 2. Syllabus Sectoral Infrastructure Development •Overview, liberalization of FDI regulations, Introduction of Public Private Partnerships (PPP), Sector Specific Opportunities for roads, ports, airports, railways, telecommunica tions, etc.
- 3. Sectoral Infrastructure Development “Expandinginvestment in infrastructure can play an important counter cyclical role. Projects and programmes [are] to be reviewed in the area of infrastructure development, including pure public private partnerships, to ensure that their implementation is expedited and does not suffer from [the] fund crunch.” Dr. Manmohan Singh, Indian Prime Minister, (quoted in newspaper
- 4. Sectoral Infrastructure Development •“The link between infrastructure and economic development is not a once and for all affair. It is a continuous process; and progress in development has to be preceded, accompanied, and followed by progress in infrastructure, if we are to fulfill our declared objectives of generating a selfaccelerating process of economic development.” • Dr. V. K. R. V. Rao [noted Indian economist, early 1980s]
- 5.
- 6. Sectoral Infrastructure Development •The Indian economy is booming, with rates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth exceeding 8% every year since 2003/04. • This ongoing growth is due to rapidly developing services and manufacturing sectors, increasing consumer demand (largely driven by increased spending by India’s middle class) and government commitments to rejuvenate the agricultural sector and improve the economic conditions of India’s rural population.
- 7. Sectoral Infrastructure Development •Construction is the second largest economic activity in India after agriculture, and has been growing rapidly. • The production of industrial machinery has also been on the rise – and the increasing flow of goods has spurred increases in rail, road and port traffic, necessitating further infrastructure improvements.
- 8.
- 9. Sectoral Infrastructure Development •The country’s capacity to absorb and benefit from new technology and industries depends on the availability, quality and efficiency of more basic forms of infrastructure including energy, water and land transportation. In some areas, roads, rail lines, ports and airports are already operating at capacity, so expansion is a necessary prerequisite to further economic growth.
- 10.
- 11. Sectoral Infrastructure Development •Construction projects account for a substantial portion of the proposed investments, making the E&C sector one of the biggest beneficiaries of the infrastructure boom in India. The regulatory environment is relaxing to encourage further foreign direct investment (FDI).
- 12.
- 13. Private Sector Participation •Private sector participation is integral to these plans. PPPs have been identified as the most suitable mode for the implementation of projects – and indeed, are rapidly becoming the funding norm. Their share of the total planned infrastructure improvements is projected to be around 30% (US$150 billion). Power and road projects top the list, and other transportation sectors such as railways, ports, and airports are also targeted for major investments.
- 14.
- 15. Sectoral Infrastructure Development •Companies looking to capitalise on the situation need to plan their strategy for entering the market carefully.
- 16. Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and the regulatory Environment • Major infrastructure development requires a substantial influx of investment capital. • The policies of the Indian Government seek to encourage investments in domestic infrastructure from both local and foreign private capital. • The country is already a hot destination for foreign investors. As per the World Investment Report of the UNCTAD, India was rated the second most attractive location (after China) for global FDI in 2007.
- 17. Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and the regulatory Environment
- 18. Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and the regulatory environment
- 19. Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and the regulatory Environment • Currently, India has FDI of about US$21 billion per year, well below the targeted US$30 billion. In order to increase FDI inflows, particularly with a view to catalysing investment and enhancing infrastructure, the Indian Government has introduced significant policy reforms. For example, it now permits 100% FDI under the automatic route for a broad range of sectors– only certain post investment intimation is required. For FDI in a few sectors, a prior approval is required, which takes around 6-8 weeks.
- 20. Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and the regulatory Environment
- 21. Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and the regulatory Environment • As part of policy reforms, the Indian Government is constantly simplifying the approval route process, including setting up several agencies to expedite FDI approval. Further liberalisation is expected as the Government continues to emphasise infrastructure investment.
- 22. Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and the regulatory Environment
- 23. Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and the regulatory Environment • Indian Government has relaxed some of the exchange control restrictions and is now allowing foreign nationals/ citizens to acquire immovable property in India, subject to certain conditions and procedures. • Hurdles to investment remain. Although India has a well-developed legal system, the current legal and regulatory environment sometimes acts as an obstacle to the necessary injections of foreign private capital into India’s infrastructure. Major infrastructure projects are governed by the concession agreements signed between public authorities and private entities.
- 24. Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and the regulatory Environment
- 25. Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and the regulatory Environment • As is the case in many countries, there is no single regulator which formulates the policy for all infrastructure projects. • There is also no standardisation in the concession agreements across the different infrastructure sectors. As a result, the development of certain sectors in India may be hampered due to lack of adequate and co-ordinated planning. • Projects which are approved may face difficulties if related projects are substantially delayed.
- 26. Opportunities • The PlanningCommission of India has planned extensive expansion in the roads and highways, ports, civil aviation and airports, and power infrastructure segments – all of which provide substantial opportunities for E&C companies.
- 27.
- 28. Roads and Highways •India’s roads are already congested, and getting more so. Annual growth is projected at over 12% for passenger traffic and over 15% for cargo traffic. The Indian Government estimates around US$90 billion plus investment is required over FY07-FY12 to improve the country’s road infrastructure.
- 29.
- 30. Roads and Highways •Plans announced by the Government to increase investments in road infrastructure would increase funds from around US$15 billion per year to over US$23 billion in 2011-12 (see Figure 2). The quantum of funds invested as part of these programmes will significantly exceed that invested in recent history. • Such programmes would be funded via a mix of public and private initiatives. The Indian Government, via the National Highway Development Program (NHDP), is planning more than 200 projects in NHDP Phase III and V to be bid out, representing around 13,000km of roads. The average project size is expected to US$150 million-US$200 million.
- 31.
- 32. Roads and Highways •Larger projects are likely to reach the US$700 millionUS$800 million range. About 53 projects with aggregate length of 3000km and an estimated cost of around US$8 billion are already at the pre-qualification stage. The procurement process favours players with good experience and sound financial strength. • The opportunities do not stop there. More than 10 states are also actively planning the development of their highways. While the average size of these projects is smaller than the NHDP projects, most will still be substantial, in the US$100 million- US$125 million range. All told, more than 4,500km of state highways are likely to be awarded by the end of 2010.
- 33.
- 34.
- 35. Rail • The IndianGovernment has also recognised existing infrastructure gaps and capacity constraints in the rail system, and as a consequence plans large scale investment over the five years from FY07-FY12. Projected investments total US$65 billion, of which 40% is expected to be contributed by the private sector. • One major PPP programme is already in its initial phases. The Dedicated Freight Corridor project is designed to alleviate congestion on the rail routes between Delhi and Mumbai and Delhi and Kolkata by building long-distance, cargo-only rail lines, at an estimated cost of US$6 billion-7 billion.
- 36.
- 37. Rail • City metrosystems are also in the pipeline. The first corridor of the Mumbai Metro Project has already been awarded to Reliance Infrastructure and the Government has asked the final shortlisted companies to submit detailed financial bids for the second phase of the Mumbai Metro. • Indian Railways is also looking for private partners to help modernise railway stations to world-class levels, and for projects focused on increasing connectivity with ports.
- 38.
- 39. Ports and Airports •Increasing connectivity with inland transport networks is just one of many challenges currently facing India’s ports, which have seen massive swells in the amount of goods transport
- 40. Ports and Airports •An estimated investment of around US$22 billion is targeted for port projects in the five year period from FY07- FY12. • The National Maritime Development Programme includes 276 projects, with a required investment of about US$15 billion over the next ten years, with private investment targeted at around US$8 billion. In addition to improving road and rail connections, projects related to port development (construction of jetties, berths, container terminals, deepening of channels to improve draft, etc.),
- 41. Ports and Airports •Air traffic has increased rapidly in recent years, although this slowed in 2007. While a number of Indian airlines have faced challenging market conditions in 2008, and the rate of growth is likely to be significantly less than initially projected, Indians are still flying in much greater numbers
- 42.
- 43. Ports and Airports •The Indian Government has projected that an investment of around US$8 billion in the five year period from FY07-12 will be needed to help cope with additional demand, and private sector participation is expected to play a key role. The private sector has already stepped up to the challenge of airport infrastructure development in several cases, with private participation in recent years at Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Cochin and Bangalore supplementing the efforts of the Airports Authority of India.
- 44. Ports and Airports •The Government has proposed the establishment of an Airport Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA) to promote efficiency, competitive pricing and a customer-focused service. State governments are also getting involved and looking to facilitate the development of new airports. The total investment on new airports has been proposed at about US$10 billion by 2012.
- 45. Ports and Airports •As the density of airports increases in various regions, increased competition is likely to bring new issues into focus, such as corporate performance management. Airports will look to diversify their revenue sources through the development of city-side infrastructure. Airlines will also be looking for new technology solutions to maximize revenues and reduce costs. • MRO (Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul) facilities could therefore also present new business opportunities. The need for improved aviation infrastructure extends beyond the construction of new airports – existing metro airports also require significant modernization and upgrading. EPC contractors are expected to be sought for Chennai and Kolkata airports in the immediate future.
- 46.
- 47. Power Sector • Increasedmanufacturing activities and a growing population are also causing a surge in power usage. India has the fifth largest electricity grid in the world with 135 GW capacity, and the world’s third largest transmission and distribution (T&D) network. Large investments are needed to meet growing demand and provide universal access. • The policy and regulatory framework is proinvestment – shifting away from ‘negotiated and guaranteed’ to ‘open and market competition’.
- 48.
- 49. Power Sector • Giventhe increased competition, diversity, and number of opportunities, project and collaboration risk must be more carefully assessed and managed An investment of US$167 billion is projected for electricity projects in the five year period from FY07FY12. The massive number and scope of potential projects has attracted a number of new investors, lenders and operators. All new awards are through open, competitive bidding. A rush is on to develop new assets, harness natural resources, and attract global finance – but an industry focus and strategy is necessary to properly tap into this opportunity.
- 50.
- 51. Power Sector • TheIndian Government is also looking to encourage the generation of wind and solar power by providing generation-based incentives to those companies who do not claim accelerated depreciation, so E&C companies with experience in building these types of alternative energy projects may find excellent opportunities.
- 52.
- 53. Telecom Sector • Indiantelecommunications sector is the second largest wireless network in the world after China. According to the Department of Telecommunications Annual Report 201011, Indian telecom network has 787.29 million connections as on 31st December 2010 with 752.20 million wireless connections. • Wireless telephones are increasing at a faster rate. The share of wireless telephones as on 31st December 2010 was 95.54% of the total phones.
- 54.
- 55. Telecom Sector • Thetelecommunications sector is growing at a very fast pace in India. The share of private sector in total telecom was 84.60% in 2010, as against a mere 5% in 1999, based on Department of Telecom statistics.
- 56.
- 57. Telecom Sector • Broadbandconnections totalled to 10.74 million by the month of November, 2010. • The telecom sector is also the second highest FDI attracting sectors in India, attracting 8.53% of the total FDI inflows into India during Apr 2000 to July 2011. The amount of FDI attracted by telecommunications sector during this period was US$ 12.3 billion, according to DIPP (Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion) statistics).
- 58.
- 59. Telecom Sector • TheIndian government has allowed 100 per cent foreign direct investment in the telecom sector, meeting a key demand of the fund-starved industry. Earlier, FDI limit in the sector was 74 per cent where 49 per cent was done through automatic route and rest required nod from Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB). • The idea behind the decision to increase FDI limit in telecom sector is to help the industry get fresh funds to lower financial burden. The moves also brings relief for foreign partners in telecom companies as they can have complete ownership of the business.
- 60. Telecom Sector • "Foreigninvestors will no longer need to partner with Indian investors in order to comply with regulatory requirements,“ "100 per cent FDI in telecom will enhance value for all stakeholders."
- 61. References Infrastructure in India •A vast land of construction opportunityAuthor Elizabeth Montgomery • PricewaterhouseCoopers • Urbanization Urban Development & Metropolitan Cities in India • Dr V. Nath Concept Publications
- 62.