![css selectors 2
•
partial match on attribute values
^=
$=
*=
www.time2test.co.uk
input[id^=‘ctrl’]
Starting with:
For example, if the ID of an element is ctrl_12,
this will locate and return elements with ctrl at
the beginning of the ID.
input[id$='_userName']
Ending with:
For example, if the ID for an element is a_1_
userName, this will locate and return elements
with _userName at the end of the ID.
input[id*='userName']
Containing:
For example, if the ID of an element is panel_
login_userName_textfield, this will use
the userName part in the middle to match and
locate the element.
!40
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![dynamic elements
Does the ID of your element dynamically change?
<p id="bootcamp_dynamic_1234">This p tag has a dynamic id</p>
!
xpath notation to find the p tag on the page
"//p[contains(@id,'bootcamp_dynamic_')]"
!
cssSelector notation to find the p tag on the page
"p[id*='bootcamp_dynamic_']"
www.time2test.co.uk
!42
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Selenium bootcamp slides
- 1. www.time2test.co.uk presents Selenium Bootcamp Webdriver Training !1
- 2. Join us and Book Online ★ Book ★ One your selenium webdriver training with us day - intensive 10 hours - 8am to 6pm ★ Locations: Dublin, Berlin, Dubai, Brussels, New York, Copenhagen, Zurich ★ Learn and Apply - Practical ★ Lunch and Refreshments inclusive ★ Small classes up to 6 delegates www.time2test.co.uk !2 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 3. book online Bootcamp locations Dublin London Berlin Brussels Delhi Vancouver New York www.time2test.co.uk South Africa !3 Dubai www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 8. Start !8
- 9. overview • introductions and background • 90% practical training • 10% theory and coffee www.time2test.co.uk !9 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 10. who we are? • Time2test Limited ( UK) based training company • Specialise in training for testers • Training Locations: UK and Europe • Over 15 Courses: Coding for Testers, Webdriver Automation & Mobile Test Automation www.time2test.co.uk !10 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 11. Fast paced course • We have limited time • We can follow up via Skype if necessary • Email us [email protected] with questions www.time2test.co.uk !11 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 12. About the trainer “Hi, I am the trainer. This slide is about me and my technology background.” www.time2test.co.uk !12 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 13. Agenda • 7:45 - 8am - Introductions and Coffee • 8am - 10am - Morning session Timings are approximate • Coffee Break 1 - 15 mins • 10am-1pm - Mid Morning session • Lunch Break - 30 mins • 1pm - 3pm - Afternoon session Time to catch the plane • Coffee Break 2 - 15 mins • 3pm - 6pm - Late Afternoon session www.time2test.co.uk !13 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 14. Training Room • Fire Exits • Water • Lavatories • Breaks and lunch • Wifi connection www.time2test.co.uk !14 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 15. what we will cover? • Selenium 2 WebDriver API • Handling Alerts • Using WebDriver to navigate web applications • Working with Cookies • Basic web Element identification using id, name • Synchronisation strategies • Implicit vs Explicit Waits • Explicit waits using ExpectedConditions • Explicit waits using custom expected conditions • Refactoring to Abstraction layers, Page Object Models and Domain Objects • • • Locating web elements using CSS and XPaths Use of Chrome Developer tools and Firebug WebDriver commands to Interrogate WebElements and pages • JUnit annotations to structure test code • HamCrest commands for test assertions • Page Object Modelling Approaches • WebDriver commands for Interaction and Manipulation • Running tests on multiple browsers: Firefox, Google Chrome • Using JavaScript in your tests • Using Remote WebDriver www.time2test.co.uk !15 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 16. Pre-requisites • Java programming knowledge • jUnit knowledge • Eclipse IDE • Setup on your own machine www.time2test.co.uk !16 some experience needed www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 17. What do you already know? • Spend 5 minutes on telling us what you already know about Selenium Webdriver and how you have used it. • Or , tell us about your test automation experience www.time2test.co.uk !17 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 18. Style of teaching • Follow the the examples created by the trainer and then try them out on your machine. • Help each other out. www.time2test.co.uk !18 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 19. course objectives • spend 5 mins and note down your objectives and pass them over to the trainer. • We want to meet your expectations. Feel free to add objectives at any time www.time2test.co.uk !19 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 21. overview • Eclipse IDE or IntelliJ IDEA • jUnit for test automation framework • Maven for package dependencies • Firefox installed - default preferred browser for Webdriver www.time2test.co.uk !21 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 22. What is Eclipse IDE • If you don’t have previous experience then just follow the trainers’ examples • Development platform with magic www.time2test.co.uk !22 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 23. What is jUnit? • test automation framework to help organise tests with improved reports www.time2test.co.uk !23 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 24. What is Maven? • configuration tool to manage package dependencies and versions without the headache. www.time2test.co.uk !24 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 25. What is Firefox? • where have you been? • webdriver and Firefox show much love www.time2test.co.uk !25 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 27. overview • walkthrough of the key webdriver api • commands www.time2test.co.uk !27 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 28. API - must know Webdriver - control the browser • Webdriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebElement - work with elements on the page • WebElement myElement = driver.findElement(By.id(“id”)) it’s an interface to a browser www.time2test.co.uk !28 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 29. API - must know • void get(“url”) - open the web page • void quit() - close the browser • List<WebElement> findElements(By by) - find elements (more than one element) www.time2test.co.uk !29 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 30. API - find Elements • There are many different ways to find elements • By.id(“objectId”) • By.linkText(“textUsedInTheLink”) • By.partialLinkText(“partOftextUsedInTheLink”) • By.tagName(“HTMLNodeTag”) • By.className(“cssClassOnObject”) • By.cssSelector(“cssSelectorOfElement”) • By.xpath(“//xpath/To/Element”) • By.name(“elementName”) www.time2test.co.uk We prefer to use cssSelectors !30 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 31. API - operations • void click() - click on an element • void submit() - perform a submit • String getValue() • void sendKeys(“keysToSend”) - input values • void clear() - clear the input field • String getElementName() - • String getAttriubute() - • boolean toogle() - • void Actions() - perform mouse, drag and drops and keyboard operations www.time2test.co.uk !31 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 32. API - windows and frames working with Browser Windows • driver.getWindowHandles() • driver.switchTo().window.(“window_name”) working with frames • driver.switchTo().frame.(“frame_name”) www.time2test.co.uk !32 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 33. commands map • http://www.mindmeister.com/280141421/selenium-2-webdriver-commands • mind map showing a high level view of API www.time2test.co.uk !33 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 35. overview • use firebug/chrome developer tools to help with locating webElements • cssSelectors • XPATHS • id • name www.time2test.co.uk !35 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 36. xpaths v cssSelectors • Try to use cssSelectors over XPATHS • your automation scripts will run faster • use XPATHs to save time • finding elements on a page is an art! www.time2test.co.uk !36 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 37. xpaths • This notation // for xpaths • follow the trainer’s examples • use a tool to help determine xpaths www.time2test.co.uk !37 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 38. xpaths - firepath • great tool to assist with xpath determination • use with firebug on firefox www.time2test.co.uk !38 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 39. css selectors • reference sheet • http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/ css_selectors.asp • Too much to learn in one day • With time, you will become a master www.time2test.co.uk !39 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 40. css selectors 2 • partial match on attribute values ^= $= *= www.time2test.co.uk input[id^=‘ctrl’] Starting with: For example, if the ID of an element is ctrl_12, this will locate and return elements with ctrl at the beginning of the ID. input[id$='_userName'] Ending with: For example, if the ID for an element is a_1_ userName, this will locate and return elements with _userName at the end of the ID. input[id*='userName'] Containing: For example, if the ID of an element is panel_ login_userName_textfield, this will use the userName part in the middle to match and locate the element. !40 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 41. css selector gadget • chrome tool extension • Search in google for “CSS Selector Tester” ! www.time2test.co.uk !41 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 42. dynamic elements Does the ID of your element dynamically change? <p id="bootcamp_dynamic_1234">This p tag has a dynamic id</p> ! xpath notation to find the p tag on the page "//p[contains(@id,'bootcamp_dynamic_')]" ! cssSelector notation to find the p tag on the page "p[id*='bootcamp_dynamic_']" www.time2test.co.uk !42 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 44. overview • what is jUnit? • what is Hamcrest? • how do we use it? www.time2test.co.uk !44 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 46. jUnit • Pick up the style used in our examples and then apply them www.time2test.co.uk !46 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 47. hamcrest • Hamcrest is a framework for writing matcher objects allowing 'match' rules to be defined declaratively • introduces matchers and is more friendly to read • use instead of the junit assertions • http://edgibbs.com/junit-4-with-hamcrest/ www.time2test.co.uk !47 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 48. hamcrest usage • A good starting place is the assertThat() method that can now almost always be used in place of the traditional assertEquals(). • assertThat() can be found in org.junit.Assert, but it defines using Hamcrest matchers in the signature: static <T> void assertThat(T actual, org.hamcrest.Matcher<T> matcher) www.time2test.co.uk !48 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 50. test Structure • good style • void setUp() • void tearDown() • all tests should finish with an assertion • element locators should be defined in a separate class - think about constants www.time2test.co.uk !50 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 52. overview • how to handle alerts? • how to handle cookies? www.time2test.co.uk !52 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 54. cookies Set<Cookie> cookies=driver.manage().getCookies(); for(Cookie cookie:cookies) { System.out.println(cookie.getName()+" "+cookie.getValue()); } //To find the number of cookies used by this site System.out.println("Number of cookies in this site "+cookies.size()); www.time2test.co.uk !54 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 56. overview • Locating elements on a page is already an art. • Locating elements on a page that don’t always appear in a timely manner is also an art. • Implicit vs Explicit Waits • Explicit waits using ExpectedConditions • Explicit waits using custom expected conditions • fluent waits www.time2test.co.uk !56 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 57. Implicit waits ! Just wait for a period to time //Set the Implicit Wait time Out to 10 Seconds driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); www.time2test.co.uk !57 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 58. Explicit waits Wait until a condition is met WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10); wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains("sele nium")); www.time2test.co.uk !58 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 59. Fluent Waits • ! Use the code that is best for your application under test // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait<WebDriver> wait = new FluentWait<WebDriver>(driver) .withTimeout(30, SECONDS) .pollingEvery(5, SECONDS) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); ! WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function<WebDriver, WebElement>() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id("foo")); } }); www.time2test.co.uk !59 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 60. page objects !60
- 61. overview • what are page objects? • how to use page objects? www.time2test.co.uk !61 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 62. what are page objects? • popular design pattern • object orientated class for a page • interface to the web page • methods for elements • encapsulates features represented by the page www.time2test.co.uk !62 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 63. benefits of page objects? • more readable code • logical grouping • easy to maintain code • tests don’t change if UI changes - just that page object • clean separation between test code and page specific code www.time2test.co.uk !63 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 66. overview • running your tests on Firefox • running your tests on IE • running your tests on Chrome • running remotely - selenium grid www.time2test.co.uk !66 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 67. RemoteWebDriver • WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(“http://server-with-selenium-grid-running: 4444/wd/ hub"), DesiredCapabilities.firefox()); • This example assumes that Selenium Server is running on server-with-selenium-grid-running with the default port of 4444. • You can run Selenium Server on any machine • For example, I run the test code from my Mac OS X computer but I run Selenium Server on a Window XP machine. www.time2test.co.uk !67 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 68. cross browser • different browsers behave differently • perform most testing on Firefox • some subset test execution on different browsers www.time2test.co.uk !68 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 71. know how !71
- 72. Troubleshooting • Can’t click or find an element? • Selenium Versions • Firefox browser versions • Downgrade or upgrade using Maven to manage the versions. www.time2test.co.uk !72 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 73. Simple Google Search Test www.time2test.co.uk !73 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 75. dropdown list • Select object and use .select notation www.time2test.co.uk !75 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 76. click • Find an element and then .click(); www.time2test.co.uk !76 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 77. generate random data • create a nice random helper class for your random test data needs www.time2test.co.uk !77 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 78. screenshots • take a screenshot when you spot an error or an exception or for validation purposes. • useful to save this artefacts as part of Jenkins CI ( continuous integration) www.time2test.co.uk !78 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 79. get all links on page • Find elements and put traverse through the List www.time2test.co.uk !79 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 80. advanced - out of scope for SB !80
- 81. testNG • Support for data-driven testing ! • Annotations : • • • • @BeforeMethod • • @AfterClass • • @BeforeClass @AfterMethod @BeforeSuite @AfterSuite @BeforeTest @AfterTest www.time2test.co.uk !81 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 82. data driven testing • Excel spreadsheets or CSV files to seed your tests • TestNG is good with data driven testing www.time2test.co.uk !82 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 83. conclusions !83
- 84. goals and objectives ! • • • Review your goals. Have we met your expectations? Email us and we will setup a follow up Skype session www.time2test.co.uk !84 www.seleniumbootcamp.com
- 85. Thank you for attending - Time2test Team !85