Self-driving cars can navigate without human input using sensors to detect their environment. They can steer autonomously, avoid obstacles, and obey speed limits. Early concepts date back to Leonardo Da Vinci but significant advances include cruise control in the 1940s and adding cameras/computers to detect objects in the 1980s. Modern versions use technologies like lasers, cameras, radars, and ultrasonics along with GPS and highly detailed maps to locate themselves and monitor surroundings. Potential benefits include fewer accidents, reduced injuries, less traffic and fuel used, and lower transportation costs.