Seminar on Agriculture Robots

CREDIT SEMINAR
ON
“Agriculture Robots : The Farmers Of The
Future”
Presented by
Ajay Kumar Meena
Submitted to
Seminar incharge : Major
Advisor:
Dr. V. Nepalia Dr. J.
Choudhary
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY,
RAJASTHAN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

Content
 Introduction
 Objectives
 How Robots Work
 Need of Robotic Agriculture
 Types of Robots
 Robots used in Agriculture
 Future Scope
 Advantages and disadvantages
 Conclusion

Introduction
Robots:-
A robot is a mechanical, artificial agent and is usually an
electromechanical system. It is a device that, because of software
programming, makes complicated tasks easy to perform.
Vitirover solar
robot- cutting
grass and
weeds in
vines

 Agricultural Robotics is the logical proliferation of automation
technology into bio-systems such as agriculture, forestry, green
house, horticulture etc.
 In agriculture, the opportunities for robot-enhanced productivity are
immense and the robots are appearing on farms in various guises
and in increasing numbers.
Agriculture robots:-

Objectives
 To Study focus on the economic feasibility of applying autonomous
robotic vehicles.
 To study of robot usage and outcome of using robots in agriculture.
 To study how crop production could be automated in the future.

How Robots Work
 Robots can move and sense.
 They require multiple sensors and controls that allow them to
move in an unknown environment.

Robots usually have five parts
• Sensors
• Controller/Computer
• Drive/Actuator
• Arm
• End-effectors

• The sensors send information, in the
form of electronic signals back to the
controller.
• Sensors can give the robot controller
information about its surroundings.
• Robots can be designed and
programmed to get specific
information that is beyond what our
senses can tell us.
Sensors

Controller
• It is also called as computer.
•The controller functions as the "brain" of the robot.
•The controller also allows the robot to be networked to other
systems, so that it may work together with other machines,
processes, or robots.

• The drive or actuator is the “engine” of the robot.
• An actuator is defined as “a mechanical device that produces
motion.”
 Hydraulic motor
 Pneumatic motor
 Stepper motor
 Dc motor
 Servo motor

• Usually, a robot’s arm is like a human arm with a shoulder,
elbow, wrist, and fingers.
• The arm is the part of the robot that positions the end-effectors and
sensors to do their pre- programmed business.
ARMS

 The end effectors means the last link (or end) of the robot.
 At this endpoint the tools are attached. In a wider sense, end effectors can
be seen as the part of a robot that interacts with the work environment.
End Effectors
Gripper Vaccum pump

Difference between Robotic and conventional
techniques
Content
Robotic
Technique
Conventional
Technique
Power Machinery power Human power and old
techniques
Work Capacity High Low (Human need rest)
Time Less More
Product Quality High low
Cost of
Cultivation
Initially high but
in long run low
Initially Low but
In Long run High
Yield High Low

Techniques involving Agricultural Robots
Processes like ploughing, seeding, fertilizing, weeding, harvesting,
spraying etc. require large amount man power. Hence in order to
reduce this need, and save time and money, robots are employed.
Spraying Robot MF- Scamp robots for scouting,
weeding and harvesting

Ploughing
(Seed bed
preparation)
Seed mapping
primary process; the top soil
is mixed and turned to prepare
a seed bed, buring the surface
crop residue.
Recording geospatial position of each
seed as it goes under ground is “seed
mapping” checking and counting seed by
placing an infrared sensor below the seed.
Seed cuts infrared beam and triggers a data
logger that records a position orientation of
seeder.

Reseeding Seed placement
This is the concept of being able to
identify where the seed was not
placed and can automatically
place another seed in same
position.
Placing seeds so that they get
maximum air, light, water in a
hexagonal or triangular seeding
pattern,or less space in row and
more between rows may be
applied by using robots.

Need of Robotic Agriculture
 Sustain domestic agriculture
 Facilitates 24 hr operations
 Improves safety
 Reduces labour needs
 Reduces chemical usage
 Robot can do the right thing, in the right place, at the
right time in the right way

TYPES OF ROBOTS
Autonomous robots
 Work completely under the control of a computer program.
Tele-controlled robots/ Remote-controlled
 Work under the control of humans or computer programs.
Robots are controlled by humans with a controller such as
a
joystick or other hand-held device.

1. Demeter
2. Weed control robot
3. Forester robot
4. Fruit picking robot
5. Drones

Demeter:- It can follow the path with an accuracy of up to 3 centimeters.
Telama et al. (2006)
Demeter has cameras on it that
can detect the difference
between the crop that has been
cut and crop that hasn’t.
Demeter can drive, steer, and
control the cutter head while the
operator can focus on other
tasks.
It can harvest crop like wheat
and alfalfa

The demeter robot can also be driven by remote control. Demeter can be
taught a path, and then follow that path using its on board sensors and
computer control systems.
DEMETER (Used For Harvesting)
Content
Conventional
Harvesting
Robotic Harvesting
Labour More labour No labour
Cost Low High
High Low
Time More Less
Energy
efficiency
Less(20-30%) High(70-80%)
Source: Behzad Sani (2012)
Initial
Long run
Initial
Long run

Robot for weed control
 Weed identification is based on color photography.
Koteswara et al. (2014)
 A four-wheel-drive weed-seeking robot
was developed by the Danish Farm
Research Authority.
 The task of the weed removing device
is to remove or destroy the weed.
 An intelligent hoe uses vision systems
to identify the row of crops, and steer
itself accurately between them,
considerably reducing the need for
herbicides.
 The autonomous weeding in sugarbeet,
it might be possible to reduce costs by
12%.

Fruit Picking Robot
 Pick ripe fruit without damaging the
branches or leaves of the tree.
 The robot can distinguish between
fruit and leaves by using video image
capturing.
 If a match is obtained, the fruit is
picked.
 Mobility is a priority, and the robots
must be able to access all areas of
the tree being harvested.

Content Atomized
Picking
Conventional
Picking
Quality High Low
Time Less More
Cost Initial cost
high(50%)
Low
Picking, Grading and
Packing
Easy Hard
Source: Blanes et al (2011)
Fruit Picking Robot

 This is a special type of robot
used for cutting up of wood,
tending trees, and pruning of X-
mass tree.
 The forester robot having six
legs moves wonders in the
forest.
 It is used for harvesting pulp
and hard wood in the forests.
 It employs a special jaws and
axes for chopping the branch.

Hexapod robot
 The CO2 gas module detects CO2 concentration in the range of 300–4000
ppm.
 The anemoscope detects the wind speed (0–20 m/s) and wind direction.

 To get a bird’s eye view of the land offers a quick and easy way
to
check on the progress of crops and determine where they may
need to replant or direct pesticide applications.
 It is also used for weed, pest and disease control.

Agriculture Robot Suit
The robot suit is designed specifically
to help out with tough agricultural work
like pulling radishes.
The suit has eight motors fitted over
the shoulders elbows, back and knees
to provide a power boost to the
wearer.
The current model weighs 55 pounds
and uses 16 sensors to function.

Vitirover solar Robot used in Vines
To Cuts Grass And Weeds
A French company designs a smart autonomous robot called vitirover.
The little robot uses the sun power to the electrical motors.
Using a solar panel this agricultural autonomous machine could work for
hundred hours without rest.
It could cuts grass and weeds to within 2-3 cm of vine and has a speed
that allows him to work 500 meters per hour.

In the fully-automated Farm of the Future, dedicated robots will take on
the tough farming jobs that once could be done only by people.
It is not just on the ground that technology promises to transform
farming. Unmanned Air Vehicles, or drones, are also coming into play
on farms.

Reddy et al., (2016)
The graph shows the rise of the Robotic market in the coming years.

Advantages of Robots
 Robots can work 24 hours a day, every day without rest.
 Robots don’t need to be paid wage (so money is saved).
 Robots are extremely accurate compared to humans,
so product quality is high.
 Robots can perform tasks more quickly than humans,
so more products can be made.
 Robots can work in very dangerous conditions.
It can reduce up to 97% of farm’s use of pesticide.

Disadvantages of Robots
 Robots cannot easily adapt to unusual conditions like a human
being can (e.g. if an item on the line is not in correct place, a
human worker would notice and correct it).
 People are made unemployed because robots are doing their
job.
 Robots are very expensive and it can take more time to pay
for them.
lack of decision-making power.

Conclusion
Agriculture robots can reduce the cost of cultivation by controlling the
high cost of labor, efficient use of fertilizers, pesticides.
The jobs in agriculture are a drag, dangerous, require intelligence and
quick, though highly repetitive decisions hence robots can be rightly
substituted with human operator.
Workload on farmers minimized by using these type of robots, and it
have to complete field operation at the time.
The higher quality products can be obtained by this technique and it is
best for future farming.

Seminar on Agriculture Robots

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Seminar on Agriculture Robots