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Sexual Health Presentation 2014
This document provides information about sexual health and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It discusses taking responsibility for one's sexual health through dual protection, regular testing, and self-examinations. The document covers topics like safer sex practices, STI symptoms, transmission routes, and treatment resources. Maintaining open communication with partners and prioritizing personal values when making decisions around sex are emphasized.
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Sexual Health Presentation 2014
- 1. Education & OutreachTeam at AIDS Programs South Saskatchewan
- 2. • to besexually healthy means that every time you engage in sexual activity you should feel comfortable and safe. Comfortable and safe with yourself, your partner and the decisions you make. It also means that you can talk openly about everything related to sex with your partner. • taking care of your sexual health means more than being free from STIs or not having to face an unplanned pregnancy. It means taking responsibility for your body, your health, your partner’s health and your decisions about sex.
- 3. • Use dual(birth control and barrier methods) protection, all the time, with every partner - even if you’re monogamous, even if you know and trust your partner. • Get tested. This is another way you and your partner can avoid the risk of STIs or HIV infection. Don’t assume that because you’re in a steady relationship that you shouldn’t continue to get tested. • If you’re a woman, have regular pap smears, and learn breast self-examination. • If you’re a man, learn how to examine your testicles.
- 4. • Sex isa complicated issue but growing up means taking responsibility for your choices and actions. Deciding if, when and with whom you want to have sex are tough decisions that you’re going to have to make on your own. In the end it’s still your decision. Ask yourself: • Just because you may want to have sex eventually does not mean that you’re ready to take such a big step right now? The decision to have sex, or to have sex with a particular person, is a choice that is different for everyone. If you are considering having sex one of the most important things to think about is ‘why do I want to do this?’ If you’re doing it just to fit in, because of pressure, to make someone else happy, or just to lose your virginity you may want to reconsider. Consider all of your feelings, motives and the consequences of sex before you take that plunge.
- 5. If you aresexually active, it is important to schedule an STI test every six months or whenever entering a sexual relationship with a new partner (whichever is sooner). If you are sexually active ..
- 6. Safer sex isany measures/precautions that REDUCE your chances of getting or transmitting an STI. Ways to practice safer sex: • Oral sex with a condom, dental dam, or plastic wrap • Vaginal sex with a male or female condom • Anal sex with a male or female condom • Getting tested • Abstinence • Masturbation
- 8.
- 9. If you feelthat you may have been exposed to a sexually transmitted infection(s) in the past, even if you don’t have any symptoms, you should be tested to make sure you’re not infectious before having sex with anyone else
- 10. Having an STIdoes not make you a bad or dirty person. It’s a medical condition that requires attention. If you are not comfortable talking with your doctor about STI’s, Planned Parenthood Regina and the Sexual Health Clinic are more then happy to help you. Planned Parenthood Regina (1431 Victoria Avenue) • Mondays, Tuesdays, Fridays 9am to 5pm • Wednesdays and Thursdays 9am to 7:30pm • Saturdays 1pm to 5pm RQHR Sexual Health Clinic (2110 Hamilton Street) • Mondays 12:00pm to 4pm; 6:15pm to 8:30pm • Tuesdays 9:00am to 11:30am; 1:00pm to 4:00pm • Wednesdays 9:00am to 11:30am; 1:00pm to 4:00pm • Thursdays 12:00pm to 4pm; 6:15pm to 8:30pm • Fridays 9:00am to 11:30am; 1:00pm to 4:00pm
- 11. • Saskatchewan hasone of the highest teenage pregnancy rate among the Canadian provinces. • Saskatchewan has one of the highest rates of Chlamydia infection in the country. • Education about sexual health actually delays sexual activity in young people. • A sexually active teen who does not use contraceptives has a 90% chance of becoming pregnant within a year. • Condom use tends to decline as youth get older, which means this group is more at risk for getting STIs. • The majority of sexually experienced teens (74% of females and 82% of males) use contraceptives the first time they have sex. • Nearly all sexually active females (98% in 2002) have used at least one method of birth control. The most common methods used are the condom (94%) and the pill (61%). • Nearly 25% of teens who used contraceptives the last time they had sex combined two methods, primarily the condom and a hormonal method.
- 13. Transmission: Vaginal, analor oral sex Female Symptoms • Increased vaginal discharge • Abnormal vaginal bleeding • Pain or bleeding during/after intercourse • Pain when passing urine • Pain in lower abdomen Male Symptoms • Watery/cloudy discharge from tip of penis • Increased frequency/pain while passing urine • Tinging/itching inside penis • Pain in testicles Effects on the Body Female • Pelvic inflammatory disease • Infertility • Babies born vaginally could have severe eye, ear or lung infections Male • Infertility due to infected testicles/prostate
- 14. Transmission: Vaginal, analor oral sex Female Symptoms • Increased vaginal discharge • Abnormal vaginal bleeding • Pain or bleeding during/after intercourse • Pain when passing urine • Pain in lower abdomen Male Symptoms • Yellow/greenish discharge from penis • Increased frequency and/or pain in passing urine • Tingling and/or itching inside penis • Pain in testicles Effects on the Body Female • Pelvic inflammatory disease • Infertility • Babies born vaginally could have severe eye, ear or lung infections Male • Infertility due to infected testicles/prostate
- 15. Transmission: Vaginal, analor oral sex Sores can be found on the penis, vagina, anus, in the rectum, or on the lips and in the mouth. Primary Stage (the first stage) • A painless sore called will appear 10-90 days after infection occurs. The sore is usually firm, round, small and painless Secondary Stage (the second stage) • Starts with a non-itchy rash. The rash may appear as rough, red or reddish brown spots on the palms of the hands and bottoms of the feet. Rashes with a different appearance may occur on other parts of the body Latent and Late Stages • Begins when the symptoms of the secondary stage disappear Effects on the Body: • It can damage the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones or joints • Syphilis in a pregnant woman can lead to miscarriage, serious birth defects and possible death of the newborn
- 16. Transmission: Direct skin-to-skincontact with the open sores or blisters. This type of contact may occur with kissing or oral, vaginal or anal sex. There are two strains of HSV • HSV-1 commonly causes cold sores on the lips and mouth • HSV-2 commonly causes genital herpes Symptoms • Tingling/itching in genital area • Tiny painful blisters/sores in genital area • Cold sores/fever blisters on the lips (HSV-1) Effects on the body • May be fever/pain in joints • Flu-like symptoms • Painful urination
- 17. Transmission: The HPVvirus can infect anyone who has ever had a sexual encounter even without penetration. The most common transmission is by skin-to-skin contact with the penis, scrotum, vagina, vulva, or anus of an infected person. Kissing or touching a partner's genitals with the mouth can also transmit the HPV virus. There are more than 100 types of HPV; more than 30 types are sexually transmitted. How is HPV spread? • It is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact, which may occur during close sexual contact (not limited to vaginal, anal or oral sex) with someone who has the virus • HPV can also infect the mouth and throat of men and women What are the long-term complications of HPV infection? • Some types of HPV can cause cancer of the cervix in females • Other types are associated with cancers such as vulvar, anal, oral or cancer of the penis. It can also cause cancer of the head and neck • Genital warts can cause problems during pregnancy because they may increase in size, bleed or become infected. Rarely, a baby born to a woman with genital warts may develop warts in their throat.
- 18. What are genitalwarts? • Genital warts are the most easily recognized sign of genital HPV infection What are the signs and symptoms of genital warts? • Most people infected with HPV don‘t have symptoms • In others, symptoms are often so mild they don't know they are infected and may still pass the virus on to others • Usually flesh-colored or white. They can be different sizes and shapes. They may look like a raised small cauliflower or may be flat • May appear individually or in a cluster • May cause pain, itching and bleeding
- 19. What are pubiclice/crabs? • Parasites that can live in the pubic or genital area of humans • May also be found on coarse body hair like the thighs, chest, armpits, eyebrows or moustache/beard • Very small (the size of a pinhead). They are reddish-brown or light gray in color and can be seen moving in the hair. They live for about 3 weeks. They survive for about 24 hours off the body • Adult pubic lice lay eggs called "nits". Nits look like small, brown dots that cannot be pulled or washed off the hair. Nits hatch after 7-10 days How are pubic lice spread? • Skin-to-skin contact during sex with an infected person • Sometimes spread when people share bedding, clothing or towels • Pubic lice in children may be a sign of sexual abuse What are the symptoms of pubic lice? • It may take several days for symptoms to appear • Itchiness that is worse at night; • Dark red dots on your skin or in your underwear; • Visible nits or crawling lice
- 20. What are vaginalinfections? • Vaginal infections are caused by microorganisms The three most common vaginal infections are: • yeast; • bacterial vaginosis (BV); • trichomoniasis (trich) • Vaginal discharge is normal. If you have a vaginal infection you may notice a change in the color, amount or odour of the discharge What causes vaginal infections? • Bacteria (germs) that normally live in the vagina and have overgrown causing symptoms • Things that can allow bacteria to overgrow include use of bath oils, bubble baths, douches, scented pads or tampons, poor hygiene, or use of tight, non-absorbent underwear
- 21. What is yeast? •Yeast is a fungus that normally lives in the vagina • Yeast overgrows more commonly when a woman is on antibiotics, pregnant, or has an illness such as diabetes • Yeast is not generally sexually transmitted What are the symptoms of yeast? • clumpy white discharge from the vagina; • itching, burning and redness around the vagina How is yeast treated? • Yeast is treated with antifungal medications sold at a drugstore, which are available in 1 to 7 day treatments
- 22. What is BacterialVaginosis (BV)? • Overgrowth of germs not usually sexually transmitted • BV is more common in women who: • are sexually active; • douche frequently; • have genital infections; • have an intrauterine device (IUD); • have multiple sexual partners What are the symptoms of BV? • thin white to gray discharge; • "fishy" odour, especially after sex and during a period; • burning, itching or irritation around the vagina • Many women do not have symptoms of BV How is BV treated? • Usually treated with an antibiotic. May return even if treated
- 23. What is Trichomoniasis(Trich)? • Trich is almost always a STI caused by a protozoan • There have been rare reports of non-sexual transmissions What are the symptoms of Trich? • frothy yellow or green discharge; • unpleasant odour; • burning, itching or redness around the vagina • The infection may cause some discomfort during intercourse • Most men and 20-50% of women do not have any symptoms How is Trich treated? • Trich is usually treated with an antibiotic
- 24. People who havebeen infected with a sexually transmitted disease, such as syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea, or bacterial vaginosis are at greater risk for getting HIV during sex with infected partners.
- 26. A STI check-upbegins with a nurse or doctor talking to you about your sexual history. The nurse or doctor will ask you some questions about your sexual practices to find out which parts of your body could have been exposed to an STI. This helps them decide what tests are needed.
- 27. Chlamydia or Gonorrhoea Urinesample Syphilis, HIV/Hep B & C Blood sample Herpes Swab of an active sore Genital Wart Visual exam Oral Sex with Sore Throat Throat swab Anal sex Anal swab
- 28. Chlamydia or Gonorrhoea Antibiotics Syphilis Aninjection of a special form of penicillin Herpes There is no cure for herpes Genital Wart Warts can be frozen, burned or treated with a laser or removed in surgery Public Lice Pubic lice and nits are treated with a special medicated shampoo or lotion Vaginal infections A sample from the vagina is taken and sent to a lab for diagnosis
Editor's Notes
- #16 Genital sores from syphilis make it easier to spread HIV (both passing it on and acquiring it) Primary Stage: The sore could be on the vagina, penis, mouth or anus and may not be noticed. Symptoms may be mild. Symptoms may go away without treatment, but the infection will progress to the secondary stage. Secondary Stage: Starts two to four months after becoming infected and lasts for several weeks. The signs and symptoms will resolve without treatment, but the disease will progress to latent and possibly late stages of the disease. Other symptoms may be fever, swollen glands, sore throat, hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches and tiredness. Latent and Late Stage: There are no signs or symptoms (latent stage), but the disease may begin to damage the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones and joints. Symptoms may appear 10 to 20 years after infection (late stage) and may include difficulty in coordinating muscle movements, gradual blindness, dementia, and may result in death.
- #17 In men, these blisters may occur on the penis, scrotum or anus. In women, these blisters or sores may occur on the vulva, in the vagina, and on the cervix or anus. Some people do not know they have herpes because the sores may be on the cervix or inside the penis or vagina where they cannot be seen. Repeat outbreaks may occur but tend to be shorter and less painful than the first outbreak. Outbreaks can be triggered by things such as stress, fatigue, other infections, physical injury to the genital area, or conditions that weaken the immune system. Flu-like illness with headache, fever and swollen glands occurs over half the time with the first outbreak (primary infection).
- #19 In males, they can be found on the scrotum, penis or around the anus. In females, they may be on the vulva or around the vagina or anus or they may be hidden inside the vagina or on the cervix.