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sexualityandHealth.pptx
- 1. SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL HEALTH Presented By, Ms.Ekta. S. Patel, st
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- 3. • According toWHO, reproductive and sexual ill-health accounts the global burden of ill-health For women 20% For men 14% • It is closely related to other aspects of health. Love, affection and sexual healthy intimacy, all pay a role in relationship.
- 4. • Sexual healthis not just limited to absence of disease or dysfunction during the reproductive years • It impacts on sexual practice and action and must be practice free from sexual abuse, or discrimination and requires integration into the whole life cycle.
- 5. • The wordsex denotes whether a person is male or female or sex difference. But sexuality is related to sexual behaviour, gender consciousness, and sexual nature.
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- 7. Sexuality: • The characteristic maleand female quality of the reproductive elements.
- 8. Sexual health: • In1975 WHO defined sexual health as, “integration of somatic, emotional, intellectual and social aspect of sexual being, in ways that are positively enriching and that enhances personality, communication and love.”
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- 11. Chromosomal linkage: • XX chromosomes combinationproducts of female. combination is • XY male.
- 12. Establishment of gonadal sex: •Second stage of sexual differentiation occurs by about the 10th to 12th week of gestation.
- 13. • The maledetermining factor is Y chromosome leads to development of internal testes from gonad medulla; without the male factor there is development of internal ovary from the gonad cortex.
- 14. Establishment of phenotypic sex: •When additional internal and external genital organs develops and result in actual characteristics of biologic sex.
- 15. differentiation because each •This is critical time in sexual fetus develops both Wolffian and Mullerian genital duct system, one of which must develop other regress to product actual male or female external genitalia. • The Wolffian duct system in the presence of testosterone give rise to epididymis, the vas difference and seminal vesicle in male.
- 16. • The Mullerianduct gives rise to the female fallopian tubes and the uterus and upper part of vagina.
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- 18. Childhood sexual behaviour: • Curiosityabout sex organ of opposite sex. • Masturbation. • Question regarding pregnancy, childbirth and related to sexual matters.
- 19. Adolescence sexual behaviour: • Selfmasturbation. • Sex experimentation. • Desire for partner. • Love affair. • Chating or surfing on computer.
- 20. Adult sexual behaviour: • Problemsof adjustment in sexual behaviour. • Extramarital relation. • Divorce. • Sexually transmitted disease. • Unwanted pregnancy.
- 21. Old age sexual behaviour: •Lack of sexual stimulation. • Degeneration of organs. • Death of life partner. • Disease relate to sexual glands.
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- 23. • Person whohave knowledge about sexuality and sexual health. • One who has positive attitude towards body image. • Ability to express one’s full sexual potential. • Capability to express sexuality. • Right to make free and responsible reproductive choice.
- 24. • Ability toaccess sexual health. • Maintain balance between life style and sexual behaviour. develop relation effective with both • Capacity to interpersonal sexes
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- 26. Biological factors: • Congenitalabnormality. • Old age and sickness. • Injuries. • Less secretion of hormones. • Pain and fatigue.
- 27. Environmental factors: • Change nlife style. • Lack of proper place and privacy.
- 28. Psychological factors: • Disturbanceand obstacle in family relationship. • Incomplete sexual knowledge. • Initial sexual experience being bitter. • Disinterest and disliking for partner. • Unnecessary hopes and expectation from partner. • Tension and pressure. • Death of beloved one.
- 29. Hormones and genetic factors: •Can affect sperm quality. • Production of ovulation (failure to ovulate, irregular menstrual cycle)
- 30. Sexual health history: •Multiple partners • Infectious disease such as mumps after puberty causes sterility.
- 31. Stress: • Psychological stress(depression, anxiety) • Physiological stress (nervousness, lack of energy)
- 32. Effects of medications: •E.g. Alcohol, alpha blockers, amphetamines, anti-convulsion, diuretics, marijuana.
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- 34. 1. GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER: Thesedisorders are characterized by disturbance in gender identity, i.e. the sense of one’s own masculinity and femininity is disturbed. • Transexualism • Dual role transvestism • Intersexuality
- 35. 2. PSYCHOLOGICALAND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS: •Disorder of sexual development and maturation includes disorder where sexual orientation causes significant distress to the individual or disturbance in relationships.
- 36. • The preferenceas well as physical and emotional attraction one develops for a partner of particular gender is call sexual orientation. E.g. Heterosexuality Homosexuality Bisexuality
- 37. 3. PARAPHILIAS: • Paraphilias(also known as sexual perversion and sexual deviation). • It is used to identify repetitive or preferred sexual fantasies or behaviours that involve any of following, • The preference for use of nonhuman object.
- 38. • Repetitive sexualactivity with human that involves real or stimulated suffering or humiliation. • Repetitive sexual activity with non- consenting partner.
- 39. Types of Paraphilia: •Fetishism: the use of non-sexual or nonliving objects or part of a person's body to gain sexual excitement. • Masochism: the recurrent urge or humiliated, beaten, bound, behaviour of wanting to be or otherwise made to suffer.
- 40. • Voyeurism: therecurrent urge or behaviour to observe an unsuspecting person who is naked, disrobing or engaging in sexual activities, or may not be sexual in nature at all. • Pedophilia: sexual activity with a child that is prepubescent (usually 13 years old or younger)
- 41. • Gerontophilia: becomingsexually abused by elderly individuals. • Incest: sexual attraction to one’s own children or blood relation. • Necrophilia: sexual activity with dead person. • Zoophilia: aroused by sexual contact with animal.
- 42. Treatment of Paraphilias: •Psychotherapy: Long term individual or group psychotherapy is usually necessary. • Pharamacotherapy Anti-androgens: IM Medroxy progesterone acetate 2.5- 10mg/day
- 43. 4. SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION: • Itrefers to problem during phase of sexual response any cycle that prevent individual or couple from experiencing satisfaction from sexual activity.
- 44. Causes of dysfunction: •Physical causes: • Diabetes • Heart and vascular conditions • Chronic kidney and liver disease • Alcoholism • Drug abuse
- 45. Psychological causes: • Work:related stress and anxiety • Marital problems • Feeling of guilt • Effect of past sexual trauma
- 46. Categories of sexual dysfunction: Primarysexual dysfunction: • Person included who have never sexual experienced satisfying response. Secondary sexual dysfunction: • Person included who has satisfying sexual response earlier but is suffering from sexual dysfunction now.
- 47. Types of sexual dysfunction: Dysfunctionof male: • Erectile dysfunction • Premature ejaculation • Retarded ejaculation • Inhibited sexual desire
- 48. Dysfunction of female: •Primary orgasmic dysfunction • Secondary orgasmic dysfunction • Vaginismus • Diminished lubrication • Dyspareunia • Lack of desire
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- 50. • Libido knownas sex drive is a person's overall sexual drive or desire for sexual activity. • Sex drive is influenced by Biological, Psychological Social factors.
- 51. • Sigmund Freuddefined libido as "the energy, regarded as a quantitative magnitude of those instincts which have to do with all that may be comprised under the word 'love'."
- 52. FACTORS THAT AFFECT LIBIDO: •Sex hormone levels and the menstrual cycle • Psychological and social factors • Physical factors • Medications
- 53. SEXUAL DESIRE DISORDERS: • Hypoactivesexual desire disorder • Hypersexuality
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- 55. • Over thepast decades nurses have advanced their role within sexual and reproductive health care services • Reproductive and sexual health care (including reproductive, abortion and genetic technologies) is an integral part of individual, family and community services provided by professionals and other in health care system.
- 56. • Nurses havea professional responsibility to provide high quality, non-judgemental reproductive and sexual health care for their clients. • There is now high incidence of teenage pregnancy and STDs. Nurses are in ideal position to give sexual health advice to this age group, because they often have contact with teenager for other reason such as chronic disease management and routine vaccination, HPV vaccination campaign.
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- 58. • Sexual andcontraceptive history taking • Safer/protected sex, contraception advices/methods • Understand and be able to discuss different sexuality and sexual health. • Ability to challenge stigma and discrimination.
- 59. • Supply emergencyhormonal contraception. • Pre conception advices. • Pregnancy testing • Abortion care • Breast awareness • Menopausal advices
- 60. • Testicular andprostate awareness • STI screening • HIV testing • HIV pre and post exposure prophylaxis • Management of rape/ assault cases • Examination of skin and treatment of common genito-dermatologic problems
- 61. • Examination oforal cavity and rectum. • Cryotherapy microscopy • Recognise sign and symptoms of STIs.
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- 63. Monthly breast self examination: •The method involves the woman herself looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions or swelling. 1st • It should be perform week following menstruation.
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- 65. understand their anatomies •Nurses can asset client to and how their body function. • The importance of open communication between partners should also encourage. physiological • Details about changes.
- 66. COUNSELING FOR ALTERED SEXUAL FUNCTION: •One technique nurse can use to help client with altered sexual function is PLISSIT Model, developed by Annon 1974, P: Permission giving LI: Limited information SS: Specific suggestion IT: Intensive therapy
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- 69. • Nurses withexpertise in field of reproductive health have necessary knowledge and holistic approach to contribute to well-informed decision about: which technologies are available, who reproductive should use and genetic technologies and how these technologies will be monitored and evaluated.
- 70. • Health promotionand disease prevention strategies that address the known cause of infertility must be given priority as effective and efficient means of increasing fertility.
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- 72. • Sexual healthsuch as non reproductive sex, adultery and incest could have been disruptive so that code of sexual conduct were developed and thus become written laws. • The penalties of sexual offences vary greatly from state to state so that an offense may be misdemeanour in one state and a felony in other.
- 73. LAWS CONCERNING SEXUAL ACTIVITIESOF CONSENTING ADULTS: • Fornification and cohabitation • Adultery or extramarital sex • Marital sexual activities: oral-genital contact, anal intercourse, mutual masturbation most of these activities are regarded as felony in most of states and are ground for divorce.
- 74. LAWS CONCERNING INDIVIDUAL SEXUAL ACTIVITIES: •Abortion • Veneral disease offences: • Public nuisance voyeurism, transvertism
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- 76. • Article 377of IPC call for maximum punishment of life imprisonment for all sexual acts against human nature (primarily interpreted to be homosexuality and including consenting adults.)
- 77. Laws governing rape: •Section 375 • A new Section 376 A • Protection of women from domestic violence Act 2005 • Latest guidelines March 10, 2014
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