Sexually Transmitted Infection - Contraception
- 1. Why is itimportant to have sexual education?
- 2. Course Learning Objectives Atthe end of the lesson, the students must have been able to: A.Appreciate the value of sexual responsibility through a deep analysis on STI and Methods of Contraception; B.Formulate a comprehensive essay on how contraceptives prevent STI; C.Relate the importance of sexual education to understanding STI and Methods of Contraception
- 3. STI and Methods ofContraception
- 4. What does STIstand for?
- 5. Sexually Transmitted Infection(STI) • Most STIs have no symptoms • A person can have an STI and not know it Why would you be at greater risk of getting an STI that doesn't cause any symptoms?
- 6. Answer “yes” or“no”. •Vaginal sex •Anal sex •Oral sex •Transmission from mother to baby during childbirth How do you think someone can get an STI? • Skin to Skin contact • Sharing equipment • Exchange of bodily fluids
- 7. There are 3types of STIs 1. Bacterial 2. Parasitic 3. Viral Do you know?
- 8. ➔Bacterial STIs (Asexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria. Bacteria are living organisms that can reproduce on their own.) ➢Chlamydia ➢Gonorrhea ➢Syphilis
- 9. • Among themost common bacterial STIs in the world • Passed by having unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex • Condoms can help prevent the spread of chlamydia during vaginal/anal sex • Condoms or dental dams can be used for protection during oral sex • Most people have no symptoms ➢Chlamydia
- 10. Male • itching ofthe penis • pain while urinating • discharge from the penis • in some cases, there may also be pain or swelling of the testicles • about half of men will have no symptoms and many will have only mild symptoms Possible symptoms of chlamydia Female • burning while urinating • vaginal discharge or a change in normal discharge • bleeding between menstrual cycles, or during/after intercourse • increase in pain during menstruation or during intercourse • abdominal or lower back pain • occasionally causes fever and chills
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- 12. • The infectioncan be cured with a single dose of antibiotics • A person can get the infection again, so their partners should also be tested Do you think Chlamydia is curable? Remember chlamydia is CURABLE!
- 13. • Sexually transmittedbacterial infection • Passed along by having unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex • Most people have no symptoms ➢Gonorrhea
- 14. Many women donot have symptoms. Those who do have symptoms may experience: • Burning during urination • Rectal pain, itching, bleeding discharge • Vaginal bleeding or pain • Yellowish-white vaginal discharge Some men may have very mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. Those who do may experience: • Discharge from the penis • Burning when urinating • Painful/swollen testicles
- 15. Do you thinkGonorrhea can be prevented? • Condoms can help prevent the spread of gonorrhea during vaginal or anal sex • Condoms or dental dams can be used for protection during oral sex
- 16. • The infectioncan be cured with antibiotics • A person can get the infection again, so their partners should also be tested Is Gonorrhea curable? Remember gonorrhea is CURABLE!
- 17. • Rare sexuallytransmitted bacterial infection • Can cause serious damage to the body if not cured, including death • Passed along by having unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex • Some people have no symptoms at all • Syphilis produces a wide range of symptoms that are often confused with other illnesses ➢Syphilis
- 18. Latent Syphilis (3rdStage) • Latent syphilis occurs after secondary syphilis • Typically, there are no symptoms • How can I be tested for syphilis? • A blood test is done Symptoms vary depending on the stage of the infection: Primary Syphilis (1st Stage) • 3 days to 3 months after contact • A painless open sore develops around the genitals, rectum and/or mouth • The sore will heal on its own, but the infection remains Secondary Syphilis (2nd Stage) • 2 to 24 weeks after exposure • A rash can develop anywhere on the body, including on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. • Flu-like symptoms develop, including headache, slight fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, and sore throat
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- 20. How do youthink syphilis can be prevented? • Condoms can help prevent the spread of syphilis during vaginal or anal sex • Condoms or dental dams can be used for protection during oral sex
- 21. • The infectioncan be cured antibiotics • A person can get the infection again, so their partners should also be tested Do you think syphilis is curable? Remember syphilis is CURABLE!
- 22. ➔Parasitic STIs (Asexually transmitted infection that’s caused by a parasite, rather than bacteria or a virus.) ➢Pubic lice ➢Scabies ➢Trichomoniasis
- 23. ➢Pubic lice The liceattach their eggs to the pubic hair and feed on human blood.
- 24. ➢Scabies Caused by theitch mite. It burrows just under the skin and lays eggs. The scabies mite can live for 2-4 days away from the human body; it can be transmitted without sexual contact.
- 25. ➢Trichomoniasis Caused by a parasitethat is usually sexually transmitted, but it can survive 24 hours on wet towels and bathing suits
- 26. ❏ Signs and symptomsof a parasitic STI •Intense itchiness •Reddish rash •Pain during sex or urination •Vaginal discharge ★ How are parasitic STIs treated? •Shampoo – special shampoo to kill lice or scabies •Lotion - special shampoo to kill lice or scabies •Ointment- special shampoo to kill lice or scabies •Antibiotic – used to treat Trichomoniasis
- 27. How to preventparasitic STIs? Trichomoniasis •Condoms will help prevent the spread Pubic lice and Scabies •Avoid sharing towels and clothing that have not been washed •When trying on bathing suits or underwear in the store always wear something underneath
- 28. ➔ Viral STIs(A sexually transmitted infection that’s caused by a virus. Unlike bacteria, viruses are not living organisms and need a host cell in order to replicate and survive.) ➢ Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) ➢ Herpes ➢ Hepatitis ➢ HIV / AIDS
- 29. ➢Human Papillomavirus (HPV) HPVcan cause cauliflower-like warts on the skin or genitals, and precancerous cellular changes of the cervix or anus.
- 30. ➢Human Papillomavirus (HPV) •Verycontagious virus •Some people never get symptoms •HPV is spread through skin to skin contact, oral, anal and vaginal sex with an infected partner •Some types cause genital warts and other types can cause cancer of the cervix.
- 31. Is HPV curable? •Thereis no cure for HPV •There is a vaccine to prevent HPV available for students in grade 7 Treatment •Treatments remove the warts but does not remove the virus from the blood •Most warts will clear over time
- 32. ➢Genital Herpes •Caused bythe Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) •Spread through skin to skin contact and oral, anal and vaginal sex •Some people with herpes never develop sores, but are still contagious and may spread it to others without knowing. •People who have an initial outbreak can have more outbreaks throughout the rest of their life.
- 33. Genital Herpes Remember herpesis not CURABLE. It is TREATABLE!
- 34. ➢Hepatitis • Hepatitis isa virus that affects your liver • It can cause permanent liver disease and cancer of the liver • Hepatitis A & B can be prevented by vaccines
- 35. How is Hepatitistransmitted? • Hepatitis A is transmitted through fecal oral route. • Hep B is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids {Hepatitis B can be passed from mother to child, or transmitted via injection drug use, or sexual contact.} • Hep C is transmitted mostly through blood but also through bodily fluids.
- 36. How can someonelower their chances of getting Hepatitis B and C? • Get vaccinated against Hepatitis B (available for students in grade 7) • Practice safer sex • Do not share instruments used in body-piercing, tattooing or hair removal • Do not share personal items such as toothbrushes, razors and needles
- 37. Is Hepatitis curable? •There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C Remember hepatitis is not CURABLE!
- 38. Which is moreadvanced, HIV or AIDS?
- 39. ➢Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • HIV is the initial infection • AIDS is the advanced stage of the disease • Over a period of time, the virus attacks and damages the body’s immune and
- 40. • The virusis spread through bodily fluids • Decrease risk with condom use •There is no cure for HIV infection • Once infected, you have HIV for life How is HIV/AIDS spread?
- 41. STI Testing Chlamydia and Gonorrhea •Urinetest for males and females •If symptoms present, swabs may be done Trichomoniasis •Diagnosed by taking a sample of vaginal discharge Genital warts (HPV) •Diagnosed by visual examination Herpes •Usually diagnosed by sight, and by history •A swab of the lesion can be taken to confirm virus Hepatitis B, C, Syphilis and HIV •Diagnosed by blood tests
- 42. Where can someonego for STI testing and treatment? • Family Doctor/Nurse Practitioner • Walk-In Clinic • Health Unit – STI and Birth Control clinic
- 43. Sexual health anddecision making ❖ Concept of consent • consent means that permission is given for something to happen or to be done. • Parties involved can change their minds (ie. They said yes and then said no – this means no) • When someone is unable to provide an answer, there is no consent given so this means NO!!! • Statutory rape • Communication in a relationship
- 44. What are somereasons to not engage in sexual activity? Should I have sex?
- 45. ● Are yourafraid of STI? ● Are you scared of getting pregnant or having a girl pregnant? ● How are you going to prevent these possibilities?
- 46. ❖ What isContraception? ❖ Can you give an example of a contraception?
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- 50. 1. ABSTINENCE EXECUTED BY MECHANISM ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES BOTH Abstaining from sexual intercourse Most effective way to avoid STDs Difficult to comply
- 51. 2. CALENDAR METHOD EXECUTEDBY MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE S Female or BOTH Refraining from coitus during the days the woman is fertile Effective especially for regular cycle Error in calculation, irregular period Aka: RHYTHM Method 3-4 days before and 3-4 days after ovulation: safe days
- 53. 3. BASAL BODYTEMPERATURE (BBT) EXECUTED BY MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE S female Determining ovulation through checking woman’s temperature at rest (slight decrease then an increase) Inaccurate, may be affected by other conditions Error in temperature taking
- 54. Woman must takeher temperature early every morning before any activity BBT falls at 0.5F and rises to full degree, maintains level through menstrual cycle.
- 55. 4. CERVICAL MUCUSMETHOD EXECUTED BY MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE S female Changes in cervical mucus: ovulating if mucus is copious, thin, watery accurate Somewhat invasive and hassle Spinnbarkeit: stretched up at least one inch and feels slippery. Fertile days is as long as the cervical mucus is copious and watery and a day after it
- 56. 5. COITUS INTERRUPTUS EXECUTED BY MECHANISMADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE S both Couple still proceeds with coitus but the man withdraws the moment he emit semen • immediate availability • no devices • no cost • no chemical involvement Pre-emission fluid may contain few sperm Oldest method of contraception
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- 58. 1. CONTRACEPTIVES • AKA:pill, contains synthetic estrogen and progesterone • Estrogen suppresses Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) to suppress ovulation • Progesterone limits permeability of the cervical mucus, limiting sperm’s access to the ovary.
- 59. EXECUTED BY MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES femaleSuppresses ovulation, limit sperm’s access to ovary • Very effective against pregnancy if used correctly • Makes menstrual periods more regular and lighter • Decreases menstrual cramps and acne • Doesn’t interrupt sexual activity • Doesn’t protect against STIs • Need to remember to take every day at the same time • Can’t be used by women with certain medical problems certain medications • Can occasionally cause side effects such as nausea, increased appetite, headaches, and, very rarely, blood clots • need prescription 1. CONTRACEPTIVES
- 60. To use thepill, it is recommended that the woman takes the first pill on the first Sunday after the beginning of a menstrual flow, or the woman may choose to start the pill as soon as it is prescribed.
- 61. 2. INTRAUTERINE DEVICE(IUD) EXECUTED BY MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES female Prevents fertilization by creating a local sterile inflammatory condition to prevent implantation • long-term reversible contraception, easily fitted and removed. • highly effective, with a 98-99 % success rate over 5 years • Menorrhagia dysmenorrhea polymenorrhea • No protection against STIs • 1% risk of acquiring uterine infection during IUD insertion
- 62. 2. INTRAUTERINE DEVICE(IUD) • IUD is a small, T-shaped object inserted into the uterus • Fitted only physician, inserted after menstrual flow • Contains progesterone and is effective 5-7 years
- 63. 3. MALE CONDOMS EXECUTED BY MECHANISMADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES male Traps the sperm during emission of semen Prevents STD, bought OTC without any fitting Ideal fail rate = 2% *Typical fail rate = 15% • Sexual pleasure is reduced • Latex or synthetic rubber sheath placed on the erect male repro organ before penetration • *d/t a break in the sheath’s integrity or spilling
- 64. EXECUTED BY MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES femalePrevents entry of sperm Disposable Require no prescription • may slip into the vagina during intercourse. • May irritate the vagina or penis • Some argue that the feeling/pleasure from intercourse is reduced or that it is noisy, which means more lubrication is needed. 4. FEMALE CONDOMS
- 65. 4. FEMALE CONDOMS •Latex rubber sheaths specially designed for females and prelubricated with spermicide • Has an inner ring that covers the cervix and an outer open ring against the opening of female repro organ
- 66. 5. SURGICAL METHODS EXECUTED BY MECHANISMADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE S male Vasectomy – blocks the passage of sperm • 99% effective • Sexual spontaneity • Does not affect pleasure • No daily attention • doesn't protect against STIs • Reversal is complicated
- 67. • Vasectomy –small incision made on each side of the scrotum, vas deferens is tied and cut or plugged • Patient is advised to use a back-up contraceptive method until two negative sperm counts because the sperm could remain viable in the vas deferens for 6 months
- 68. 5. SURGICAL METHODS EXECUTED BY MECHANISMADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES female Tubal ligation – inhibits the passage of both the sperm and the ova • Very effective • permanent • Initial cost is high • Doesn’t protect against STIs • permanent
- 69. • Tubal ligation– occludes the fallopian tubes through cutting, cauterizing, or blocking • After menstruation and before ovulation, procedure is done through a small incision under the woman’s umbilicus
- 70. 6. HORMONAL INJECTIONS EXECUTED BY MECHANISMADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES female Injection inhibits ovulation and causes a changes in the endometrium and the cervical mucus • 99% effective • Long-term • May cause light or no menstrual period • May cause menstrual irregularities • side effects such as weight gain, tiredness • May need to see doctor every 3 months
- 71. Hormonal injection consistingof medroxyprogesterone, a progesterone, given once every 12 weeks intramuscularly
- 72. EXECUTED BY MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES bothKills sperms before they can enter the cervix, lowers the pH level of the female repro organ so it will not be conducive to sperm • Can be brought without any prescription • Less costly • Cannot prevent STIs • Effectiveness usually lasts only one hour (need to reapply each time have sexual intercourse) • Some women and men may be allergic to spermicides • May interrupt sexual activity 7. CHEMICAL BARRIERS
- 73. Spermicide, vaginal gels and creams andglycerine films
- 75. A. Practice: The groupwill assign two representatives to explain the following pointers; 1. What is the nature of the assigned method of contraception? 2. Among the given contraceptives under each method, which do you think is safer to prevent STI? To prevent pregnancy?
- 76. 1. Assessment Task Formulatea comprehensive 200-250 word essay by answering the following guide questions: ● As a student, is sexual education important? Why or why not? ● What is/are the best way to prevent STDs? (support your answer) ● What are the advantages of understanding one’s Sexual Self?
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