Shape Memory Alloy Module
- 2. Module Outcomes Appreciate how cutting edge applications of Nanotechnology research in Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) can be modelled in a school laboratory Understand that a SMA is a generic name for many products Understand how Nitinol (a SMA) responds to temperature changes Explain how to give Nitinol new memory (nanoscience) Appreciate the many applications of SMA (nanotechnology) Communicate scientific information in the form of a creative product/invention.
- 3. Did You Know? Eyeglass frames that can be bent totally out of shape and return to their original shape upon warming Orthodontic wires that reduce the need to retighten and adjust the wire A shirt which moulds to the shape of your body, or shortens and lengthens the sleeves to match the temperature. That you can now have… Images: Monica Nguyen @ flickr, Grado Zero, Oricalco
- 4. Can You Explain How The Magic Spoon Works? It looks like a normal spoon, but it is bending all by itself Is it magic? Watch Video - http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=AU&hl=en-GB&v=ZzqstU9jYvw
- 5. What Is A Shape Memory Alloy? What is Nitinol? Watch video - http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=k20J4NDgAYk
- 6. Experiment 1 Investigating Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy–Nitinol What is it? One type of shape memory alloy is Nitinol, which is short for Ni ckel Ti tanium N aval O rdnance L aboratory and which acknowledges the site of its discovery in 1965 Where does it get its name? Nitinol is an alloy of about 56 % Nickel and 44 % Titanium. (Hence the name: Ni – Ti – N aval O rdinance L aboratory) What does it do? Nitinol “remembers” its original shape and springs back up to temperatures up to 500 degrees C. Can be strained 8 to 10 times more than spring steel without permanent deformation. Won’t kink. Coils easily.
- 7. How Does Nitinol Work? Nitinol is made of Nickel and Titanium Most solids have one crystal structure, but Nitinol has two The crystal structure is different at cold and hot temperatures At cold temps it is soft and easy to bend but at hot temps it is stiff and springy.
- 8. Why Is Nitinol So Versatile? It has similar properties to human hair and human tendons and is being used in a wide range of applications.
- 9. Did You Know? Nitinol’s amazing properties allows surgeons to perform life saving operations Nitinol is used to: Seal holes in the heart Patch up faulty blood vessels Attach tendons to bones. That you can now have… AMPLATZER® Septal Occluder for heart defect repair utilizes the shape memory of Nitinol
- 10. Activity 1 Uses Of Nitinol Research scientists, innovators and artists are always finding new creative uses for Nitinol. Knee replacements Spectacle frames Medical stents Repair broken bones Replace damaged discs. What else? Search the net to find current uses of Nitinol and add to the list.
- 11. Applications Of Nitinol The Icemobile Image: Courtesy of the University of Maryland, Department of Physics A Nitinol heat engine, called the Icemobile has a loop of Nitinol which you immerse in warm water, to make it spin (which then cuts up ice cubes).
- 12. Applications Of Nitinol No more oil burns! A deep fryer that senses the right temperature for when to lower the basket into the oil!
- 13. Applications Of Nitinol A detector for fire alarm sprinkler system. When there is a fire the temperature will affect the electrical circuit and trigger the sprinkler.
- 14. Applications Of Nitinol Robotics Watch video- http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=AU&hl=en-GB&v=k9f-W6Xi_Wo When there is a fire the temperature will affect the electrical circuit and trigger the sprinkler. Watch clip of “Inchworm Robot” using SMA wire to make it move.
- 15. Nitinol In Art Artists produce creative pieces with Nitinol Watch video- http://www.livingsculpture.com/LivingSculptureSite/Sculptures/Octofungi/octofungi.htm This sculpture senses its environment and reacts by bending and moving its legs through the use of Nitinol.
- 16. Nitinol In Art Artists produce creative pieces with Nitinol This famous sculpture “Espoir – Desespoir” by Olivier Deschamps has inspired students at St Helena Secondary College to become creative artists when they designed Kinetic Wire Sculptures .
- 17. Activity 2 Nitinol Art Design a figurative sculpture or an innovative product which performs a movement with a change in temperature. Image: Courtesy St. Helena
- 18. Activity 3 Nitinol Art Designing with Nitinol.
- 19. Revision What is a shape memory alloy (SMA)? Which metals make up Nitinol? Explain how Nitinol works? List 3 applications of Nitinol? Describe how your innovative product/creation works (wire sculpture?) So now you’re an expert on Nitinol!
Editor's Notes
- #2: Shape Memory Alloy module - Title Page
- #4: Use this and the next slide to continue the discussion but don’t give away any information about Nitinol, find out what the students know. A video clip of Oricalco fabric changing shape due to temperature can be seen here: http://www.gzespace.com/gzenew/index.php?pg=video&v_id=4&lang=en
- #5: Use this and the PREVIOUS slide to continue the discussion but don’t give away any information about Nitinol, find out what the students know. Spoon bending http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzqstU9jYvw
- #6: Clip at http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=k20J4NDgAYk
- #8: Nitinol is made up of two kinds of atoms: Nickel atoms and Titanium atoms. They are arranged in an organized pattern called a crystal structure . Most solids have a crystal structure, but Nitinol is special because it has two different crystal structures, also called solid phases . At colder temperatures, Nitinol’s atoms are in one arrangement, called martensite . At higher temperatures, Nitinol’s atoms are in a slightly different crystal structure, called austenite . When you heat Nitinol, you give the atoms energy to move from the martensite structure to the austenite structure, and as it cools back down, they move back. The atoms in the Nitinol move just a little bit, but this makes a huge difference in how the metal feels and behaves. At lower temperatures, Nitinol is soft and easy to bend. At hotter temperatures, it is stiff and springy.
- #9: Nitinol is sometimes referred to as the Shape shifter of the 21 st century. The reason –it mimics human tendons and human hair which has made them useful in a lot of inventions, like wires for braces, staples that hold broken bones together, coffee pots that turn off when the water is hot enough, and trick spoons that bend when you try to stir your tea!, Medical components, Space components, Textiles, robotics, Water sprinklers, Pipe connections This SMART property has made them useful in many inventions like wires for braces, staples that hold broken bones together, coffee pots that turn off when the water is hot enough trick spoons that bend when you try to stir your tea
- #12: Here are some applications where Nitinol has been used. PURPOSE: To illustrate shape-memory alloy. DESCRIPTION: A thin NITINOL wire loop is connected around two pulleys. The lower pulley is placed half way into the water at 35-40 degrees celcius and an ice cube gently touched to the wire. If the wire is gently spun downward through the ice cube into the water bath, it will continue to spin, cutting the ice cube in two. Alternatively, a glob of crushed ice placed around the wire as it enters the box will cause the wire to circulate as described above, as shown in the photograph. SUGGESTIONS: Do not bend or stress wire or the memory may be changed. If ice forms on the wire, melt it by immersing the wire in the water. REFERENCES: (PIRA 4F30.60) EQUIPMENT: Icemobile ice cutter assembly, beaker of warm water, ice cubes, dial thermometer. SETUP TIME: 5 min.
- #13: A deep fryer utilizes the thermal sensitivity by lowering the basket into the oil at the correct temperature. (Falcioni, 114) According to Stoeckel and Yu,
- #16: More information about how it was made, how it works and a clip of it moving can be found at http://www.livingsculpture.com/LivingSculptureSite/Sculptures/Octofungi/octofungi.htm
- #21: End title