Simon’s model for Decision Making Process
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Simon's model of problem solving is a three-phase process that can proceed linearly or iteratively. The phases are: 1. Intelligence phase where the problem is identified and information is collected. 2. Design phase where several possible solutions to the problem are developed. 3. Choice phase where the alternatives are evaluated and one solution is chosen for implementation. The model depicts problem solving as a flow between the phases, with the ability to return to previous phases for refinement.
Simon’s model for Decision Making Process
- 1. Prepared by: Digvijay Singh Karakoti
- 2. It is a three-phase model of problem solving. Simon’s model continues to withstand the test of time and, even today, serves as the basis of most models of management decision making. Notice that the model depicts the problem-solving process as a flow of events that can proceed in either a linear or iterative fashion. That is, at any point in the process, the problem solver may choose to return to the previous step(s) for additional refinement.
- 3. Intelligence Design Choice Reality of Situati on ImplementationOutcome Success Failure Model Validation Solution Testing Figure: Simon’s Model of Problem Solving
- 4. The problem is identified, and information is collected concerning the problem. This can be a long process, as the decision to be made comes from the information. The intelligence stage may involve, for example, comparing the current status of a project or process with its plan. The end result of the intelligence phase is a decision statement.
- 5. The design phase develops several possible solutions for the problem. This phase may involve a great deal of research into the available options.
- 6. In this phase, we evaluate the alternatives that we developed in the design phase and choose one of them. The end product of this phase is a decision that we can carry out.
- 7. The decision that is ultimately carried out. The intelligence, design and choice we have made will be implemented in this phase.
- 8. After implementing the previous phases, we find the outcome. If the outcome is a failure then we have to start the procedure again or just go to the previous phase and check for any mistake or error. And if the outcome is a success then we will compare it with the reality of situation to check whether the decision is required one or not.