simple chemical reactions - chemistry

KS3 Chemistry 7F Simple Chemical Reactions

Contents 7F Simple Chemical Reactions Word equations Reactions with oxygen Chemical reactions everywhere Summary activities Reactions with acid

Physical and chemical changes How many physical and chemical changes can you spot?

What is a chemical reaction? Can you think of any other chemical reactions? Chemical reactions do not only happen in the laboratory. Chemical reactions happen anywhere that new substances are made: cooking rusting sticking burning making metals living!

Reactants and products The starting substances used in a reaction are reactants . The new substances formed in a reaction are products . reactants In a chemical reaction, one or more new substances are formed. The arrow means “ change into ”. In a chemical reaction, all the reactants change into the products. It is difficult to reverse a chemical reaction and change the products back into the reactants. products

More about chemical changes Chemical changes are usually difficult to reverse. Magnesium burns in oxygen to form magnesium oxide. It is not possible to “un-burn” the magnesium once it has been burnt. Many reactions need energy to get them started. Many reactions (like the burning of magnesium) give out heat energy once the reaction has started. Heat energy being given out is one sign of a chemical reaction. What other signs of a chemical reaction are there? magnesium oxide oxygen magnesium

Test for hydrogen magnesium + acid hydrogen burning splint Many metals react with acids. When this happens the metal fizzes as bubbles are produced. What do the bubbles mean? A gas is produced. How can you test to find out if the gas produced is hydrogen? Place a burning splint next to the mouth of test tube. A ‘squeaky pop’ as the gas ignites shows that hydrogen is the gas produced in this reaction.

Reaction of acid with a metal carbonate

Test for carbon dioxide When a metal carbonate reacts with acid it fizzes and then seems to disappear. The carbonate and the acid have reacted and changed into a salt , water and carbon dioxide . When carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through limewater, it turns the limewater cloudy or milky white . Carbon dioxide can be tested for using the limewater test. a salt metal carbonate acid water carbon dioxide

Contents 7F Simple Chemical Reactions Word equations Reactions with oxygen Contents Chemical reactions everywhere Summary activities Reactions with acid

Word equations 3. The names of the products. A word equation is used as a quick, shorthand way of writing a chemical reaction. There are always three parts to a word equation: 1. The names of the reactants. 2. An arrow. reactants products What is the word equation for hydrogen reacting with oxygen to form water? water oxygen hydrogen

Reactant or product? product reactant reactant product magnesium oxide magnesium copper oxide copper In this chemical reaction , which substances are the reactants and which substances are products? Substance Reactant or Product? magnesium oxide magnesium copper oxide copper

What are the word equations for the following reactions? Write the word equations 2. Calcium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride and water. 3. Sodium reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride and hydrogen. magnesium oxide oxygen calcium chloride calcium hydroxide hydrochloric acid water 1. Magnesium burns brightly in oxygen to form magnesium oxide. magnesium sodium chloride sodium hydrochloric acid hydrogen

What is combustion? Combustion is the scientific word for burning and is a type of chemical reaction. Combustion is the reaction when a substance burns and reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light energy.

Using combustion Burning has been an important source of energy since primitive man and is still a hugely important process today. How different would life be without combustion? Burning fuel, like coal, petrol and natural gas, provides > 90% of the energy needed for transport, factories and in the home.

Equations for combustion 3. Methane burns and forms carbon dioxide and water: 1. Coal (made from carbon) burns and forms carbon dioxide: When substance burns and react with oxygen the new substances formed are called “ oxides ”. What are the word equations for these combustion reactions? 2. Hydrogen burns and forms dihydrogen oxide (i.e water!): carbon dioxide oxygen carbon water oxygen hydrogen carbon dioxide oxygen methane water

Combustion of methane The natural gas, methane , is often burnt for cooking. Methane is made up of carbon and hydrogen. What gas does methane react with when it burns? oxygen What substance will the carbon in methane change into when it burns in oxygen? carbon dioxide What substance will the hydrogen in methane change into when it burns in oxygen? water What is the word equation for the combustion of methane? carbon dioxide oxygen methane water

Contents 7F Simple Chemical Reactions Acid reactions Reactions with oxygen Contents Chemical reactions everywhere Summary activities Reactions with acid

Glossary carbon dioxide – A gas that turns limewater cloudy. chemical reaction – A change in which new substances are made and cannot easily be reversed. combustion – The scientific word for burning which is the reaction of a substance with oxygen. fuel – A material that burns and generates useable energy. hydrogen – A gas that makes a lighted splint produce a ’squeaky pop’. products – T he new substances produced in a chemical reaction and shown on the left of a word equation. reactants – The starting substances used in a chemical reaction and shown on the right of a word equation. word equation – A summary of a chemical reaction.

Quiz: useful reactions or not?

simple chemical reactions - chemistry

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