Six Sigma By :Rajeev
- 1. SIX SIGMA
- 2. Objective Of Presentation Introduction With Six Sigma Objectives of Six Sigma KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF SIX SIGMA Six Sigma Tools kits Six Sigma Deployment DMAIC Conclusion
- 3. What is Six Sigma exactly means: Six sigma is a way of thinking and the results of the approach can yield a spectrum of improvement choices based on the balance of values and risk . Six sigma is an internationally recognized management process focused on producing high quality products or services to meet the customer’s need and satisfaction.
- 4. Contd. Six Sigma is not a set of statistical tools, neither it is a bureaucratic, stage – gate approach to managing the projects but it is represents a philosophy to reduce variation continuously and create a win win situation for all the partners in and around the business or services . Six Sigma pioneer Motorola started the program in 1987 Motorola describe Six Sigma as a standard methodology "for driving and achieving transformational change within an organization.
- 5. Objectives of Six Sigma: To reduce variation. To solving the problems in scientific manner. Six Sigma places an emphasis on the DMAIC approach (define, measure, analyze, improve, and control) to problem solving. To develop the bottom line responsibilities towards continuous improvement. Organizations using Six Sigma often utilize teams that are assigned well-defined projects with a direct impact on the bottom line.
- 6. THREE KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF SIX SIGMA * Leadership Commitment Achieving Six Sigma is not easy – it requires serious commitment in the form of time, effort, and resources. For a company to be successful, such commitment must come first from the top executive leadership of the organization and must be practiced by everyone.
- 7. ** Managing Decisions with Data It is not enough to run a business based on one's experience or "tribal knowledge." Decisions must be based on data versus the typical "I think", "I feel", or "In my opinion" practices that often exist today. With the maturation of the information economy, data is available to virtually everyone in the organization, along with the tools for analyzing that data. Properly using data to Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control performance forms the foundation of the Six Sigma methodology.
- 8. *** Training and Cultural Change Improved performance does not and will not happen automatically. High-caliber training is required. Disciplined implementation must follow, and people at all levels have to change the way they go about doing their jobs. In short, new ways of thinking, communicating, and operating must pervade the entire organization. You also need a methodology. DMAIC and DFSS provide a structured problem solving roadmap and tools towards obtaining the results you expect.
- 9. Six Sigma Tools kits and its overview: Six Sigma DMAIC Process Six Sigma Hierarchy Poka - Yoka Scatter Diagram Control Charts Pareto Chart Ishikawa Fish Bone Diagram Checklists Flowchart Histogram Master Black Belt Training Black Belt Training Green Belt Training Source /100% Inspection Informative Inspection Judgment Inspection
- 10. Full Six Sigma Deployment The core elements of implementing Six Sigma – training for Black Belts, Green Belts, Yellow Belts, Ground School, Master Black Belt, Leading Six Sigma, RADD and Senior Executive Six Sigma – to deliver Six Sigma skills throughout your organization.
- 11. Green belt Training: This course is designed to enhance technical problem solving skills in line managers. Participants will successfully complete a project while completing the classroom portion of the training. Green Belt Certification takes candidates through a proven, step-by-step training course based on the transfer of knowledge and process skills that leads to improved project results through support of Black Belt initiatives and enhanced technical problem solving skills. Manufacturing Green Belt Certification is a 6-8 week course involving 11 days of classroom training.
- 12. Black belt Training: The Black Belt is a key change agent for the Six Sigma process. Typically the "best of the best," these individuals lead teams working on chronic issues that are negatively impacting the company’s performance. Black Belt Certification takes candidates through a proven, step-by-step training course based on the transfer of knowledge and process skills that lead to improved customer satisfaction, increased profit margins, shortened cycle times and reduced costs. The median return on each trained Black Belt is in and around $100,000 per project.
- 13. Master Black Belt (MBB): As a leader, the MBB will have responsibility for overseeing projects with multiple Black Belt and Green Belt participation that will significantly change the way the organization does business MBB program delivers: Project Management skills to ensure project completion. Advanced tools and capabilities useful in daily activities. Mentoring skills to achieve results, transfer knowledge more effectively.
- 14. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) is a rigorous approach to designing products and services to meet customer expectations. Integrating the principles of MAIC (Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) with design tools and the IDEaS™ (Initiate, Design, Execute and Sustain process), the result is product designs that consistently meet Six Sigma standards – from inception.
- 15. Methodology: Mention Six Sigma and you will hear folks refer to a mnemonic known as DMAIC . DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. These steps represent the five components of the Six Sigma improvement process. Define Measure Analyze I mprove Control
- 16. Define : The key to the first step is for your team to ask: What is important? What are the areas that you see as a chance to make an improvement that will reach the organization's objectives and grant the greatest outcome? To do this, use a SIPOC diagram. On a white board, write at the top Suppliers, Inputs, Processes, Outcomes and Customers and under each heading define that aspect of the process. Breaking down a process and its parts so everyone can see them offers a good first step for gaining an objective appreciation of the process you wish to improve.
- 17. Measure Often we brainstorm on a process and make adjustments with the hope of improving it before we've ever taken the time to measure how the process is doing in the first place. The second step involves measuring the process you hope to improve. This allows the establishment of a benchmark of current performance and the ability to differentiate between variations in the process that are common and those that are of a special cause. Focus on CTQ(Critical to Quality)
- 18. Analyze Now, we get to finally ask what's wrong. Step three is traditionally where most folks begin their improvement efforts. In this improvement effort, however, we enter this phase with a clearly defined process and objective data to help us investigate the root cause of its issues. This helps us avoid focusing attention on what we perceive to be the problem and aligns us toward accurately targeted solutions. This will eliminate the gap between the current practice and the desired goal.
- 19. Improve The first three steps of the DMAIC process form the foundation for asking what needs to be done. What are the possible solutions and how do we execute the best one? Now that you have an informed perspective on the process and potential problems, you are in a good position to assess various solutions, evaluate their potential success and develop a sound implementation plan. The whole goal in the Six Sigma program is to improve processes to achieve 3.4 defects in one million opportunities. After analysis, changes need to be implemented to achieve this goal.
- 20. Control The final phase of the process involves an often forgotten and misunderstood step in a change process. Once a solution has been implemented and the data shows you are achieving the desired improvement, how do you sustain the new level of performance? With confirmation in hand that your improvement is effective, verifiable and reproducible, it's time to mesh the new process into day-to-day operating practices. Doing so ensures that that the new and improved process replaces its troubled predecessor. Only then will the process truly be improved and the initial problem remains fixed.
- 21. Executing Look up Executive Leader Champion/Sponsor Master Black Belt Black Belt Green Belt Green Belt Green Belt
- 22. Success Story: Motorola Motorola’s six sigma quality levels allow an off centring of the process up to 1.5 sigma. Table given below shows the number of defectives (parts per million) for specified off-centring of the process and quality levels. Sigma / Quality level Off centring 3 Sigma 3.5 Sigma 4 Sigma 4.5 Sigma 5 Sigma 5.5 Sigma 6 Sigma 0 2700 465 63 6.8 0.57 0.034 0.002 0.25 Sigma 3577 666 99 12.8 1.02 0.1056 0.0063 0.5 6440 1382 236 32 3.4 0.71 0.019 0.75 12288 3011 665 88.5 11 0.02 0.1 1.0 22832 6433 1350 233 32 3.4 0.39 1.25 40111 12201 3000 577 88.5 10.7 1 1.5 66803 22800 6200 1350 233 32 3.4 1.75 105601 40100 12200 3000 577 88.4 11 2.0 158700 66800 22800 6200 1300 233 32
- 23. In the table the first row shows the DPMO (Defects Per Million Opportunities), where there is no off-centring of the process. At 3 sigma quality level, it shows the DPMO as 2700, while at 6 sigma quality level the DPMO is 0.002, that is, 2 defects per billion. For an off-centring of 1.5 sigma (row 7) and six sigma quality level, the DPMO is given as 3.4. Thus, Motorola has quality level such that 3.4 defects per million are allowed. For a process without off-centring, 3.4 defects per million lie somewhere between 4.5 and 5 sigma quality level. In row one (for zero off centring) , the 4.5 sigma quality level has DPMO of 6.8, while 5 sigma quality level has DPMO 0.57. Thus the value DPMO 3.4 lies somewhere between DPMO 0.57 and 6.8 (i.e between 4.5 and 5 sigma quality level with an off-centring of 1.5 sigma, in other words, they produce 66,803 defectives out of every million units produced. Thus, Motorola and GE have made a quantum leap in quality enhancement
- 24. Pictorial View
- 25. Conclusion: Defining a problem is the most critical part of the Six Sigma methodology. A problem defined is a problem half-solved. Six Sigma is results-oriented and learnable. The methodology still needs to find a way to simplify and clarify its approach so that people can do something with it. We need systems that are performance-driven. Needs Focused training with verifiable return on investment.
- 26. Thank You
Editor's Notes
- #12: The Green Belt position works closely with the Black Belts to decide how to complete the project. They are individual who are trained in Six Sigma but are also “close to the action” so they can provide the necessary constructive input to improve the process.
- #18: The CTQ is “” which is determined by involving the customer. If defects occurred it is based on the CTQs. Once the number of defects are determined, a yield can be determined by dividing the total defects by the total products produced. Therefore, the yield is the percentage of items without defects.
- #22: In order for Six Sigma to be successful within an organization, there must be commitment from the high level management positions. It is not enough to execute this program without top level support. The Executive Leader must be knowledgeable about the program and provide the resources to institute the program. They are the driving force for the the Six Sigma philosophy within the corporation. From there it flows from the Champion, Master Black Belt, Black Belt and Green Belts.
- #25: With the Six Sigma defects as a goal, that is 3.4 defects in one million opportunities, then processes can be evaluated to reach a target level with upper and lower limits. In order to reach these limits then the process variation will have to be reduced. As a result the bell curve will become more peaked as illustrated with the green bell curve.