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Sky at night. Stars. Constellation science
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- 2. The Night Sky Peoplehave watched the night skies for millions of years. Some just out of curiosity. Some out of boredom. Some looking for portents, either good or bad. However, the one thing that they all saw was that there was a pattern in the way the stars revolved around the heavens.
- 3. The Night Sky Youneed only to look up for a few hours to begin to see these same patterns yourself. Like the Sun, stars rise in the east and set later in the west.
- 4. What is astar? A STAR is a large sphere of glowing gases. Stars change over time. Which is the closest star to Earth? THE SUN! The sun is a medium sized star MUCH, MUCH larger than Earth
- 5. Star Finders Whenyou first see the sun in the morning, your spot on the earth as just started to face the sun. As the day goes by, the spinning earth turns past the sun. It’s highest at noon.
- 6. Star Finders Yourlast view of the sun comes at sunset. The earth is turning you away from the sun. At night, stars rise and set the same way the sun does in the daytime because the earth is turning past them too.
- 7. A pattern or groupof stars in the sky is called a constellation. People of ancient time saw the constellations as character or animals in the sky. They made up stories to explain how the object, animal, or character came into the night sky.
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- 9. The Big Dipperand Other Constellations The stars in the sky appear to be moving. If you look for constellations, you will find that they are in different positions at different times in the night. If you look closely, you will notice that the stars appear to move around a central star. We call this star the North Star or Polaris. However, it is not the stars that are moving. We are!!! The earth is rotating. Therefore, the stars in the sky look like they are moving to us.
- 10. Finding Polaris andWhy Polaris (or the North Star) is where you want to start. Because Polaris is aligned with the Earth’s axis of rotation, it remains fixed, with all the other planets and stars appearing to move around it. It is the one star that remains fixed at all times.
- 11. Why Can WeAlways See the North Star? The North Star is located almost directly above the North Pole. The earth’s axis points towards it.
- 12. Stars as Toolsfor Navigation The North Star is called Polaris and located directly above the North Pole. This star appears in the same place every night all year long. In the Northern Hemisphere, if you find Polaris you will be able to tell which direction is north. The Southern Hemisphere does not have a star to help you find its pole. In stead it has what is known as a Southern Cross. The Southern Cross consists of 4 bright stars and some dimmer ones. All of these together point to the south pole.
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- 14. Why Do WeSee Different Constellations in the Sky? As the earth moves in its orbit around the sun, the stars which we see are different. Constellations we see change with the seasons Also, as the earth rotates on its axis, the stars which we see are different. The sky at 7pm looks different than the sky at 10pm. Finally, people look at the sky from different locations on the earth see different stars.
- 15. One Way toFind Polaris Find the Big Dipper: The two stars that form the front of the cup of the dipper define a line pointing to Polaris.
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- 18. Movement of theBig Dipper over the Course of a year 18
- 19. The Stars CirclingPolaris
- 20. Lets try ademonstration to show the movement. 1. I need a volunteer to be earth 2. Everyone else is going to be a star! We need a circle with all the stars on the outside and the earth in the middle. 20
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- 22. Brainpops Constellations Telescopes Constellation Songs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzaMw oo9Ue0
- 23. How to findConstellations 23
- 24. Now That You’reOriented, It’s Time to Explore. You’re pointed in the right direction, but what now. Stars and constellations move constantly and seasonally. What am I looking for? What you need is a star map.
- 25. STAR CHARTS How canwe identify constellations in the night sky? The use of a star chart can help us! A STAR CHART is a map of the stars in the night sky.
- 26. STAR CHARTS On astar chart, lines often connect the stars that might make up a constellation. Different star charts must be used at different times of the year and in different places on Earth. Many stars visible from the Southern hemisphere cannot be seen from the Northern hemisphere.
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- 29. Specific stars arevisible depending upon: · from where on the planet Earth you view the sky. · the position of the Earth in its yearly journey around the Sun. · stars on the opposite side of the Sun are not visible from the Earth. 29
- 30. What other toolscan help us identify constellations? STAR CHARTS are the BEST for identifying a constellation in the sky. A COMPASS is the BEST for locating DIRECTION (North, South, East, and West) You need to know direction before you can use a star chart correctly.
- 31. What other inventionhelps us view items in space? A telescope!
- 32. NOTES: Star- large__________ of glowing _________ Constellations- a _________ or group of ______ in the sky Star Chart- _______ of the ______ in the night sky used as a way to identify constellations Compass- used to locate _________ in order to use a star chart _________ Telescope- used to see ______ away ________ in ________ up-close
- 33. NOTES: Star- largesphere of glowing gases Constellations- a pattern or group of stars in the sky Star Chart- map of the stars in the night sky used as a way to identify constellations Compass- used to locate direction in order to use a star chart correctly Telescope- used to see far away objects in space up-close
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- 35. As seenfrom the Earth, the sun appears projected against the fixed background stars. As the Earth revolves around the Sun during the year, the sun will appear to move through the stars, making one complete circuit of the sky in 365 days. The stars through which the sun moves are located along the Ecliptic and comprise the 12 constellations of the Zodiac. The sun spends about one month in each sign of the zodiac. 35
- 36. The starsopposite the sun make up our night sky. Because of the Earth’s revolution around the sun, the night sky constantly changes as well. With each season having its distinctive grouping of constellations. The stars that are in the daytime sky or winter, for example, will be the nighttime stars of summer. 36
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- 38. Circumpolar Constellations -Ursa Major – The Big Bear - This is the constellation that houses the ever famous Big Dipper! - Ursa Minor – The Little Bear - Cassiopeia – The Queen of Ethiopia - Cepheus – The King of Ethiopia - Draco – The Dragon 38
- 39. Ursa Minor Once you’velocated Polaris, you’re ready to identify your first constellation. Polaris is the last star located in the handle of the asterism, the Little Dipper. The name of the constellation that contains the Little Dipper is Ursa Minor or Little Bear.
- 40. Ursa Minor UrsaMinor, also called the Little Dipper, is a circumpolar constellation. This means it never sets in the northern sky. The true figure represented by the stars is the Little Bear. There are several mythological stories behind these famous constellations. In Greek myth, Zeus was having an affair with the lovely Callisto. When his wife, Hera, found out she changed Callisto into a bear. Zeus put the bear in the sky along with the Little Bear, which is Callisto's son, Arcas.
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- 42. Ursa Major Ursa Majoris probably the most famous constellation, with the exception of Orion. Also known as the Great Bear, it has a companion called Ursa Minor, or Little Bear. Everyone living in the Northern Hemisphere has probably spotted the easily recognized portion of this huge constellation. The body and tail of the bear make up what is known as the Big Dipper. Several different cultures saw a big bear in the sky. The ancient Greeks had a few different stories to explain how the animal ended up there. In one story, Hera discovered Zeus was having an affair with Callisto and turned her into a bear. Zeus put her in the sky along with her son, Arcas, who became the Little Bear.
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- 44. Draco Draco thedragon, is only present in the Northern Hemisphere, so those living in the Southern Hemisphere will never see this long constellation. The easiest way to spot Draco is by finding his head. It consists of four stars in a trapezoid, burning brightly just north of Hercules. From there, the tail slithers through the sky, eventually ending between the Big and Little Dippers. It can be difficult to trace Draco in the night sky. From the head, follow the body north towards Cepheus. It suddenly shifts south and west, ending up between the two dippers. The end of the constellation is held by Thuban, which was the pole star over 4,000 years ago.
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- 47. The constellationOrion is in the south. Look for the three bright stars in a row that make up Orion’s belt. 47
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