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Slums Of India
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- 2. INDEX Students Involved …3 Acknowledgement…4 What is a slum Area ? …5 Introduction …6 Causes that create and …8 expand slums Impact of slums …12 Conclusions …15 Our experiences …17 Sources …20
- 3. STUDENTS INVOLVED Nandita Pooja Mayankit SinghTanwar Divya Babbar Gaurav Dubey Indu Sharma
- 4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The success andfinal outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance from many people and our group is extremely fortunate to have got this all along the completion of our project work. Whatever our group has done is only due to such guidance and assistance and we would not forget to thank them. We respect and thank Mr. Samer Moiz Rizvi sir for giving us an opportunity to do this project and providing us support and guidance which made us complete the project on time. We would like to thank our friends and family members who have contributed their innovative ideas for our project and encourage all of us a lot. Last but not the least we would like to thank those people who had given their precious time for us and helped us in making our documentary.
- 5. WHAT IS ASLUM AREA ? The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), India, defines a slum as a “Compact settlement with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporary nature, crowded together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking water facilities in unhygienic conditions”.
- 6. INTRODUCTION India is oneof the fastest developing countries with many metropolitan cities (e.g. Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Delhi and Chennai). During last two decades; migration from villages and small towns to metropolitan areas has increased tremendously in India. This leads to the degradation of urban environmental quality and sustainable development especially in the metropolitan cities. The problems faced by the people living in the urban areas of India have become major concerns for the government. Slums are considered to be the major issue within many urban areas; particularly problems related to transportation, population, health and safety. Considering today’s poor urban environmental quality in India, the majority of families affected by urban development projects are located in slum areas which are under consideration for resettlement and/or rehabilitation.
- 7. CAUSES THAT CREATE ANDEXPAND SLUMS Due to the dramatic rise of slums after India’s independence in 1947, its population has tripled. Most of India’s population is currently living in slums. Every year, hundreds of thousands of men, women, and children die around the world and India alone is responsible for 25% of the deaths. According to UN-HABITAT (https://www.unhabitat.org/) Report, April 2007, India is a third world country that suffers from poverty, malnutrition, diseases, unhealthy conditions, and more in Indian slums. Around 33% of the urban population in the developing world in 2012, or about 863 million people, lived in slums.
- 8. Rural-urban migration Many peoplemigrate from rural to urban areas in search of basically employment. As employment is less in rural area as compared to urban area. Also they want better facilities and education for their children so that their children could support them and their families. Also there are more opportunities in urban areas as compared to rural areas. Urbanization More than 50% of the world’s population live in urban areas. Some scholars suggest that urbanization creates slums because local governments are unable to manage urbanization, and migrant workers without an affordable place to live in, dwell in slums. The gap between people’s low income and the high land price forces some people to look for and construct cheap informal settlements, which are known as slums in urban areas. CAUSES THAT CREATE AND EXPAND SLUMS
- 9. Poor housing planning Lackof affordable low cost housing and poor planning encourages the supply side of slums. Whenever there is a gap in between the demand of houses and the availability of houses there is a step toward the formation of slum. Poor infrastructure, social exclusion and economic stagnation social exclusion and poor infrastructure force these migrated people to take shelter in slums. Urban poor cannot afford the demands of the city like house rent, transportation, school fees, monthly electricity and water bills etc… These demands which a person has to fulfill for living in city is real tough for those who has migrated from other places and are new in the urban area. These conditions took a step towards formation of slum area.
- 10. Informal economy Informal economyis that part of an economy that is neither registered as a business nor licensed, one that does not pay taxes and is not monitored by local or state or federal government . Slums grow because of growing informal economy which creates demand for workers, and as demand increases more people migrate from rural area and settle down in slums as the only left option. Poverty As because there is more employment in urban sector, people migrate from rural area and settle down in slums which increases the poverty in urban areas. The urban poor arrives with hope in city for employment and better facilities but, He or she typically has no access to shelter, basic urban services and social amenities. Slums are often the only option for the urban poor which increases poverty in urban area.
- 11. Politics Politics plays amajor character in formation of slum areas. For instance in our documentary we got to know that during commonwealth games the people where migrated from a well settled area to a slum area, promising that they would be given permanent houses and jobs. But their promises were fake and the whole colony is now living in a pathetic condition. Even after their complains no action took place. In this case politics created and expand the slum. Natural disasters Major natural disasters in poor nations often lead to migration of disaster-affected families from areas crippled by the disaster to unaffected areas, the creation of temporary tent city and slums, or expansion of existing slums. These slums tend to become permanent because the residents do not want to leave from there.
- 12. IMPACT OF SLUMS Shortageof space About 77.6% of the urban dwellers in Mumbai reside in one room and lakh of them sleeps on the footpath. About 62% of the households of the metropolis reside in these slums. This give rise to the problem of shortage of space. Prone to natural and man-made hazards As in slums, houses are crammed in a little space, they are often prone to dangerous hazards like floods, water logging, fire etc. Extent of hazard is increased because of high population density. The slum areas of Delhi specially Yamuna-Pushta are affected by flood-water of Yamuna every year. The Kutcha houses of slums frequently catches fire in summer.
- 13. Poor living conditions Slumsare not planned hence they lack basic amenities. Slums have invariably extreme unhygienic conditions. There are no toilets and people defecate in open. Slums have practically no drainage. Most of the slums are located near drains which contain filthy stagnant water. Health hazards The poor living condition in slums affects the health of people mentally and physically. Water contamination cause disease like blood dysentery, diarrhea, malaria, typhoid, jaundice etc. Children with bloated bellies or famished skeletons, many suffering from polio, are common sight. People are not aware of health problems.
- 14. Social problems Socially, slumsremain isolated from rest of the urban society and exhibit pathological social symptoms like drug abuse, alcoholism, crime, vandalism and other deviant behavior. The lack of integration of slum inhabitants into urban life reflects both, the lack ability and culture barriers.
- 15. CONCLUSIONS Government need tounderstand that urban poor people are not just to take votes at the time of elections, they are having a great hand in the country’s economy and our country will only progress when these people are being treated as the part of society and are given respect and support via different government policies and plans. Local governments should develop strategies to prevent the formation of new slums. These should include access to affordable land, reasonably priced materials, employment opportunities, and basic infrastructure and social services. Public investments must focus on providing access to basic services and infrastructure. Working with the urban poor, cities need to invest in housing, water, sanitation, energy, and urban services, such as garbage disposal.
- 16. These services andinfrastructure must reach the poor living in informal settlements. Its not just that the policies and plans release day by day and neither of them are being implemented. In this case the plans do release but urban poor are not benefited from them at all. The transportation needs and safety concerns of a city’s poorest residents should be a high priority in planning urban transportation systems, which can expand the choices people have regarding where to live and work. Developing cities requires local solutions. Local authorities need to be empowered with financial and human resources to deliver services and infrastructure to the urban poor. Cities should draw up local long-term strategies for improving the lives of slum dwellers.
- 17. OUR EXPERIENCES Some ofthe unseen picture of the society was in front of us. We were feeling very lucky at that time of having the facilities and luxuries which are provided by our parents to us. That area which was in front of us was looking terrible. No permanent houses to live in. All over there was just shattered houses, which was in a condition that if a storm comes it would destroy them out. Those people are so much helpless that they could not even support a two time meal. Their job was to play drums and other musical instruments in someone’s marriage or other functions. And by doing this job they got a salary of Rs 500 per month in which they at least survive. The most pathetic condition was of the women's living there . No security, No freedom, Nothing. Even they were not having a private place to change their clothes or bath.
- 19. We got tomeet a family in which there was a girl of 1 ½ year old and which was paralyzed below the neck. And the government hospital doctors demand Rs 2000 for just checking her. Those who cannot even have a two time meal how would they pay the doctor’s fees. Still in that area where the living was real tough some of the parents and children were aware about their life and future. The real credit goes to parents who send their kids to school to fulfill their dreams. But there also the we got to know the real face of government schools and about their facilities given to kids. No class, no attendance, no physical activities, no proper meal, Nothing. If the place where our future generation is rising up is not providing the facilities that a child require to build his or her future, how would we expect that our country is going to develop. Although these people are financially weak but they are Happy as they do not require any huge reason to be happy, they just find happiness in small things that the life give them.
- 20. SOURCES (SOURCE: CENSUS OFINDIA 2011 - CIRCULAR No. 8) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum http://www.irjes.com/Papers/vol2- issue4/Version%20%201/I245559.pdf http://inindiaaa.blogspot.in/2013/08/harmf ul-impacts-of-slums-on-society-and.html