Small solar system bodies

Small solar system bodies

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  SMALL SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES By Divya, Manisha , Aastha .
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  DWARF PLANETS  Theasteroid belt , which lies between Mars , and Jupiter ,is similar to the terrestrial planets as it is composed manly of rock and metal . Beyond Neptune's orbit lie the Kuiper belt and Oort cloud . The Kuiper belt and Oort cloud contain trans - Neptunian composed mostly of ices such as water , ammonia and methane .  Within these population , five individual objects , Ceres ,Pluto , Haumea , Makemake and Eris , are recognised to be large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity , and are thus termed Dwarf Planets .
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   Pluto -It’s orbit is highly elliptical and is only 18% the size of the earth . It has a composition of rock and a high percentage of ice . It has a large moon called Charon and 4 other moons , Nix , Hydra , and two unnamed discovered. in 2012 .NASA’s New Horizon is expected to land on Pluto in 2015 and will be the first spacecraft to visit the world .  Ceres - also known as 1 Ceres , is the smallest dwarf planet in the solar system and the only one in the main asteroid belt . It was discovered on January 1 , 1801 by Giuseppe Piazze . After about 200 years from it’s discovery , the International Astronomical Union decided to upgrade Ceres
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   Makemake -is a dwarf planet . It was discovered on March 31 , 2005 . Makemake appers to be made of mainly ice and rock . It has no known moons .  Eris - is a dwarf planet . It is located in the outer Solar System . It is the largest dwarf planet known , even bigger than Pluto . It has only one moon called Dysnomia .
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  METEOROIDS  They aresmaller than comets . They are mainly chunks of rock .They may be fragments of a comet or shattered asteroids . When the Earth’s orbit crosses the path of a
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  METEORS  As ameteoroid falls through the Earths atmosphere , it burns up as a result of the enormous heat generated . This makes a streak of light ,which is called a
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  METEORITES Most of the meteoroidsfully burn up before they reach the lower atmosphere . However , sometimes , it does
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  OORT CLOUD  TheOort cloud is a cloud of comets and other objects which astronomers believe is far beyond the orbit of Pluto and the Kuiper belt . It is believed to be the source of long – period comets in the Solar System .  The Oort cloud may lie about 50,000 AU , or nearly a light
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   The Oortcloud takes up a lot of space and has trillions of comets about tens of millions of km apart . The objects in the Oort cloud are believed to consist of much ice . The Oort cloud is thought to be made of a
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  COMETS  A cometis a ball of mostly ice that moves in outer space . They are often described as “dirty snowball “ . They are very different from asteroids . In the solar system , the orbits of comets go further than Pluto .Most are very far away from the sun , but some come near enough to Earth for us to see at night . They have long tails as the Sun melts the ice . A comet’s tail does not trail behind it , but points directly away from the Sun , because it is being blown by the solar wind .  The hard centre of the comet is it’s nucleolus . It is one of the blackest things in the Solar System .
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  KUIPER BELT  TheKuiper Belt is an area of the Solar System beyond the orbit of Neptune to 50 AU from the Sun . The asteroid in the Kuiper Belt are much bigger than the asteroids in the Asteroid Belt . At least some Kuiper Belt objects are icebound .  After the Kuiper Belt was discovered in 1992 ,the number of known Kuiper Belt objects has added to over a thousand ,more than 70,000 KBO’s over 100 km diameter .  Like the asteroid belt , it consists mainly of small bodies , or remnants from the Solar
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  ASTEROIDS  Orbiting betweenMars and Jupiter is a cosmic junk pile of leftovers stranded after the Solar System formed from a cloud of gas and dust . These are the asteroid or minor planets . These bodies are numbered in millions but their combined mass is th that of Moon . Under the gravitation influence of Sun and Jupiter , many were flung from the Solar System or swallowed by the Sun . But presence of Jupiter prevents the rest from colliding into a planet .  Most asteroids are found in a zone around the Sun ,between the orbits of Mars and 20 1
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   Asteroids areS- type , C – type , M – type , depending on their composition , spectrum and reflectivity . Ceres is the largest asteroid containing rd the estimated combined mass of all the asteroids . It was also the first asteroid to be discovered . Vesta is a uniquely basaltic crusted asteroid and has the evidence of 3 1
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