Smart grid technology

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A seminar on
SMART GRID
TECHNOLOGY
By:SMARAK SUMAN SATHUA
BRANCH-
APPLIED ELECTRONIC AND INSTRUMENTATION
COLLEGE-
C.V.RAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,BBSR
BPUT
University Roll No: 1201227107

Table of contents:
Introduction to smart grid?
Need of a smart grid
Comparison between smart grid and today’s grid
Components of smart grid
Smart meter
Devices for it
Benefits
Conclusion
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Abstract-- After enactment of Electricity Act ‘2003 in India, a
comprehensive change is happening in Indian power sector, and
power distribution utilities are going through a reformation
process to cope up with the regulatory change for reduction in
Aggregated Technical and Commercial Loss, improvement in
Power Quality, Reliability of Power Supply, Improvement in
Customer Satisfaction and rationalization of electricity tariff.
Apart from restructuring and unbundling of the power sector
there is a need for introduction of ‘smart grid’ technology to
increase the operational as well technological efficiency of the
power distribution network to meet the growing energy demand
of India in line with the GDP growth of the country.
Smart Grid is sophisticated, digitally enhanced power systems
where the use of modern communications and control
technologies allows much greater robustness, efficiency and
flexibility than today’s power systems. A smart grid impacts all
the components of a power system especially the distribution
level.
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WHAT IS A SMART GRID???
 Smart Grid is the integration of information and
communications system into the electric transmission
and distribution network.
 It is the modernization of electricity delivery system so
that it monitors ,protects and automatically optimize the
operation of its interconnected elements- from the central
and distributed generator ,to industrial users and building
automation systems , to energy storage installation and to
end-use consumer
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NEED FOR A SMART GRID
 Electromechanical electrical grids are inefficient networks highly prone to power
failures. It has become a stressed grid structure.
 Energy demand is increasing at a faster rate than energy supply because of the
increase in population.
 With the increase in energy costs, customer expectations are also increasing.
Customers want to do more to protect the environment, use less energy and
control their costs.
 Also, customers are increasingly technologically savvy and expect to receive the
information to help them manage their energy usage(One of the main
characteristics of the Smart Grid is enabling customers to manage energy and
control their costs).
 Greenhouse gas emissions is increasing due to the increase in energy
consumption..
Clearly, a new method is required.
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What would a smart grid be able to do
that today's not-so-smart grid can't?
Right now, if there's a breakdown at your local substation, the utility
usually finds out when customers call to complain. Placing a networked
sensor inside a transformer or along wires could locate and report a
problem, or prevent it from happening in the first place.
Despite living in the age of information, most of us only get a glimpse of
our energy consumption when the utility bills come once a month. In
people's homes, the smart grid should mean more detailed information
through home energy-monitoring tools. These can be small displays or
Web-based programs that give a real-time view of how much energy
you're using, which appliances consume the most, and how your home
compares to others.
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COMPARISON
CURRENT STATE MODERN UTILITY
Analogue controlled Digital/microprocessor controlled
Reactive(prone to failures and blackouts) Proactive
 One pricing  Real time pricing
No/limited consumer choice. Multiple consumer products
One-way communication (if any) Two-way/integrated communication
Few sensors Many monitors and sensors
Manual restoration Condition -performance-based
maintenance
Limited transparency with customers and
regulators
Transparency with customers and
regulators
Limited control over power flows Pervasive control systems
Estimated reliability Predictive reliability
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COMPONENTS OF A SMART GRID
A Smart grid has two main components:
 The connectivity Network
• Core Networks
• Distribution Networks
• Access Networks
 Sensing and measurement
CORE NETWORK:
The Core network handles connectivity between substations and utilities’ head
offices. Technologies used for core network implementation include:
 Wireline technologies
• Fiber optic
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DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS:
The Distribution network handles broadband connectivity for transmitting data collected by
Smart Power Grid concentrators and distribution automation devices (e.g. monitors,
sensors, ), which are located on the grid, to their related databases and analytics servers,
which are located at headquarters.
Technologies used for distribution network implementation include:
Wireline technologies
 Fiber
 BPL (broadband over power lines)
Wireless technologies
 License-exempt broadband wireless
 GSM
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ACCESS NETWORKS:
The Access network handles last-mile connectivity from smart meters located on the edge
of the power grid (at homes, offices, and municipal facilities) to Smart Power Grid (SPG)
concentrators.
Technologies used for access network implementation include:
 Wireline technologies
 PLC (Power Line Communication),
 Wireless technologies
 Wi-Fi ,
 GSM
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SMART METER
Smart meters are to mutual benefit for utility and consumer.
The smart meter makes a greener difference.
FEATURES:
Communication-able to communicate with the data
management system which is placed on a server either at
the utility or at the system provider.
Smart disconnect/reconnect-allows the utility to switch off
the power remotely and to switch the power back on.
Tamper Protection- is integrated as a real time clock will
stamp any breaking of the seal.
Voltage Quality- are measured and recorded providing the
energy distributor with valuable information to perform an
efficient grid operation.
Load profile- The Utility may also take advantage of the
recorded load profile data and four quadrant measuring
for optimization of the grid load.
Tariffing- reduces power demand during peak hours
Energy Awareness- It makes it a lot easier for the
consumer to follow his energy consumption.
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DEVICES FOR SMART GRID
ONZO: is a slick-looking energy display and wireless
sensor kit that runs on energy harvested from the
home electrical cable.
ENERGY DETECTIVE: is an energy management tool
that helps consumers to save 10-20% of their monthly
electricity bill.
ENERGY HUB: Energy Hub makes a high-end energy
dashboard that will offer Google Docs-style spreadsheets and
graphs of resource use.
TENDRIL: Tendril sells a combo of energy management
services, including a wireless in-home energy display, a smart,
web-based energy portal, smart outlets and cell phone apps
that can help homeowners diagnose and cut energy
consumption.
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Benefits of smart grid:
Integrate isolated technologies : Smart Grid enables
better energy management.
Proactive management of electrical network during
emergency situations.
Better demand supply / demand response
management.
Better power quality
Reduce carbon emissions.
Increasing demand for energy : requires more
complex and critical solution with better energy
management
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CONCLUSION
By using smart grid technology energy can be utilized to the maximum
and would not be wasted.
This technology also helps to save earth from the global warming.
It refers to the modernized version of the earlier traditional method of
energy supply.
THINK ‘SMART’!!!
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Smart grid technology

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