Snehal hardas

Snehal hardas

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  PROSTHESIS BODY PARTS College:SBSPMs B, Pharmacy College, Ambajogai. Presented By . Snehal S. Hardas 7th semester (final year) Guided By, Ms. Chavan G.C. (M. Pharm Pharmaceutics) Seat no:BPA700442
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  CONTENT  Introduction  History Application & Advantages  Disadvantages  Prosthetic raw material  Types of Prosthesis  Life & Limb  Technology & Manufacturing  Artificial Limb Manufacturing  Dental Prosthesis  Myo Electric Prosthesis  Hip Prosthesis  Knee Prosthesis  Performance Criteria
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  INTRODUCTION  What does"prosthesis" mean? . A prosthesis ( plural: prostheses ; from Ancient Greek prosthesis, "additional, application, attachment") is an artificial device that replaces a missing body parts,which may be lost through trauma, disease, or congenital Conditions
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  History  Pliny theElder also recorded the tale of a Roman general, Marcus Sergius , whose right hand was cut off while campaigning and had an iron hand made to hold his shield so that he could return to battle .  During the middle Ages, prosthetic remained quite basic in form .Dehabilitated knights would be fitted with prosthetics so they could hold up a shield , grasp a lance or a sword , or stabilize a mounted warrior.
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  Application and Advantages Movements include: - 1. Elbow flexion/extension 2. Wrist supination/ pronation 3. Opening/closing of fingers  Quick reflexes 1. secure hold 2. Grasping objects 3. Comes in different sizes 4. flexible in functioning 5. No need to learn functioning and handling of the arm .  Other Advantages: 1. Can be given to a child at the age of 18-24 months. 2. Comes with a one or two year guarantee.
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  Disadvantages 1) Motor anddrive last about two to three years . 2) With heavy use, the entire prosthesis may need to be replaced after only four or five years. 3) When used on a child, the sockets need to be replaced every year due to growth. 4) The material used in making it may result in skin irritations, inflammations, infections in the initial days. 5) Relatively expensive
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  Prosthetic raw material: A) plastic: - 1.Polyethylene 2.Polypropylene 3.Acrylics 4.Polyurethane  B)wood(early Prosthetics)  C)rubber(early Prosthetics)  D) Lightweight Metals: 1.Titanium 2.Aluminum  E) Composites 1. Carbon Fibre
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  Trans Radial Prosthesis Include Limb Prosthesis Robotic Arm RoboticLegs Somato Prosthesis Breast Prostheses Craniofacial Prosthesis Include Intra-oral & extra-oral Prosthesis Neck Prosthesis Include Larynx, trachea,upper esophageal replacements Types Of Prosthesis
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  A]upper extremity prosthesis B] Lowerextremity prostheses:- upper extremity prostheses are used at varying levels of amputation: forequarter,shoulder disarticulation,tramshumer al prosthesis,elbow disarticulation, transradial prosthesis, wrist disarticulation,full hand,partial hand,finger,partial finger. Lower extremity prostheses provide replacement at varying levels of amputation . These include hip disarticulation, transfemoral prosthesis, knee disarticulation, transtibial prosthesis, syme's amputation, foot, partial foot, and toe. Life & limb
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  Technology and manufacturing New Plastics and other materials, such as carbon fiber, have allowed artificial limbs to be stronger and lighter .  The use of electronics has become very common in artificial limbs.  A myoelectric prosthesis uses electromyography signals or potentials from voluntarily contracted muscles within a person's residual limb.  Robots can be used to generate objective measures of patient's impairment and therapy outcome , assist in diagnosis.
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  Artificial limbs aretypically manufactured using the following steps  1. Measurement of the residual limb  2. Measurement of the body to determine the size required for the artificial limb  3.fitting of a silicone liner  4. Creation of a model of the liner worn over the residual limb  5.formation of thermoplastic sheet around the model  6. Formation of permanent socket  7.formation of plastic parts of the artificial limb  8. Creation of metal parts of the artificial limb using die casting  9. Assembly of entire limb
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  Dental prosthesis
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  Dental Prosthesis  Adental prosthesis is an intraoral ( inside the mouth) prosthesis used to restore ( reconstruct) intraoral defects such as missing teeth , missing parts of teeth, missing soft or hard structures of the jaw and palate. prosthodontics is the dental specialty that focuses on dental prostheses.
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  What is amyoelectric prosthesis? "Myoelectric" is the term for electric properties of muscles. A myoelectric controlled prosthesis is an externally powered artificial limb that you control with the electric signals generated naturally by your own muscles.
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  Hip prosthesis
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  Hip Prosthetics  Ina total hip replacement ( also called total hip arthroplasty),the damaged bone and cartilage is removed and replaced with prosthetic components.  The damaged femoral head is removed and replaced with a metal stem that is placed into the hollow center of the femur.  A metal or ceramic ball is placed on the upper part of the stem.  The damaged cartilage surface of the socket ( acetabulum) is removed and replaced with a metal socket .  A plastic, ceramic , or metal spacer is inserted between the new ball and the socket to allow for a smooth gliding surface.
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  Knee prosthesis
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  Categorizing knee replacement components. Whether the plastic (polyethylene) is fixed seriously upon the underlying tibial component or whether is allows rotation upon the tibial component.  The last category has to do with how the metal components are fixed to the underlying bone. most replacement systems use a special type of cement called methylmethacrylate to bond the metal component to the bones.
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  Performance criteria:- Nontheless, thereare certain elements of socket and foot mechanics that are invaluable for athlete, and these are the focus of today's high tech prosthetics companies:  fit  energy storage and return  energy absorption  Ground compliance  Rotation  weight  suspension  cost  Ease of use  size availability
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  References 1. Sherman, E,David (1964). "A Russian Bioelectric- Controlled Prosthesis: Report of a research team from the rehabilitation Institute of Montreal". Canadian Medical Association journal. 2. "How artificial limb is made - material , manufacture, Making, used, parts, components, structure, procedure".www.oandplibrary.org. 3. Bigg, Henry Robert Heather (1885) Artificial limb and Amputation Which Afford can the Most Appropriate Stump in Civil and Military Surgery. London