Soil-Fertility-and-Plants-Nutrition.pptx

Soil-Fertility-and-Plants-Nutrition.pptx

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  Soil Fertility and PlantNutrition Soil fertility is the foundation of successful crop production. Understanding the vital role of nutrients and how they are utilized by plants is crucial for achieving optimal yields and healthy crops. This guide explores the fundamental concepts of soil fertility, plant nutrition, and the impact of fertilizers. AS by Aggie SUMOG
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  Understanding Soil Fertility OrganicMatter Organic matter, derived from decomposed plant and animal residues, is essential for soil fertility. It improves soil structure, water-holding capacity, and nutrient availability. Essential Nutrients Plants require a balanced supply of essential nutrients, including macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and micronutrients (iron, zinc, manganese, etc.). Soil pH Soil pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. The optimal pH range varies depending on the crop; however, maintaining a balanced pH ensures optimal nutrient availability for plant growth. Soil Structure Soil structure refers to the arrangement of soil particles, which affects aeration, drainage, and root penetration. A well-structured soil promotes healthy root growth and nutrient uptake.
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  Plant Nutrient Sources 1Air Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air, which serves as a source of carbon and oxygen for photosynthesis. 2 Water Water is essential for plant growth and nutrient uptake. It dissolves nutrients in the soil and transports them to plant roots. Water also provides hydrogen and oxygen for plant metabolism. 3 Soil The soil provides a variety of essential nutrients for plant growth, including macronutrients and micronutrients. These nutrients are absorbed by plant roots, ensuring optimal growth and development.
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  Essential Plant Nutrients NutrientSymbol Category Nitrogen N Primary Phosphorus P Primary Potassium K Primary Calcium Ca Secondary Magnesium Mg Secondary Sulfur S Secondary Manganese Mn Micronutrient Boron B Micronutrient Copper Cu Micronutrient Zinc Zn Micronutrient Iron Fe Micronutrient Molybdenum Mo Micronutrient Chlorine Cl Micronutrient
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  Nitrogen (N): TheGrowth Promoter 1 Role in Plant Growth Nitrogen is crucial for plant growth, particularly for leaf development, chlorophyll production, and overall vigor. It is a key component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which are essential for plant metabolism and cell division. 2 Symptoms of Deficiency Nitrogen deficiency is characterized by stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and reduced yield. Older leaves are often the first to show signs of deficiency as nitrogen is mobile within the plant. 3 Sources of Nitrogen Nitrogen can be supplied through organic sources like compost, manure, and cover crops. Inorganic fertilizers like ammonium nitrate and urea are also common sources of nitrogen.
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  Phosphorus (P): TheEnergy Booster Role in Plant Growth Phosphorus plays a vital role in energy transfer, root development, and flower and fruit production. It is a component of ATP, the energy currency of cells, and is involved in key metabolic processes. Symptoms of Deficiency Phosphorus deficiency can lead to stunted growth, poor root development, and delayed flowering and fruiting. Older leaves may turn purplish-red. Sources of Phosphorus Phosphorus is found in rock phosphate, bone meal, and some organic fertilizers. Superphosphate, a common inorganic fertilizer, is a readily available source of phosphorus for plants.
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  Potassium (K): TheStrength Builder Role in Plant Growth Potassium is essential for water regulation, disease resistance, and overall plant strength. It is involved in enzyme activity, photosynthesis, and nutrient transport. Symptoms of Deficiency Potassium deficiency can cause weak stems, leaf scorch, and reduced yield. Older leaves often show signs of deficiency first. Sources of Potassium Potassium is found in potassium chloride, a common inorganic fertilizer. Wood ash and some organic fertilizers also provide potassium to plants.
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  Fertilizer Application andManagement Soil Testing Regular soil testing is essential to determine the nutrient content of the soil and identify areas where fertilization is needed. Timing Fertilizers should be applied at the appropriate time of the year, considering the plant's growth stage and nutrient requirements. Balance Maintaining a balanced nutrient ratio is crucial for optimal plant growth. Over-fertilization can lead to nutrient imbalances and environmental problems. Water Management Proper irrigation is crucial for nutrient uptake and plant growth. Adequate water availability ensures that nutrients are dissolved and transported to plant roots.