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![Myth
A traditional story consisting of events that are ostensibly historical,
explaining the origins of a cultural practice or natural phenomenon.
A myth can be a collectively held belief that has no basis in fact. This
usage, which is often pejorative,[11] arose from labeling the religious
myths and beliefs of other cultures as incorrect, but it has spread to
cover non-religious beliefs as well.[12] Because of this popular and
subjective word usage, many people take offense when the narratives
they believe to be true are called myths.
To the source culture a myth by definition is "true", in that it
embodies beliefs, concepts and ways of questioning to make sense of
the world.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/shinsha-170705075847/75/SPANISH-AND-PRE-COLONIAL-TEXT-PHILIPPINE-LITERATURE-28-2048.jpg)
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SPANISH AND PRE-COLONIAL TEXT PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
- 1.
- 2. Spanish Colonial Text 1521to 1898
- 3. Spanish Colonization inthe Philippines started in 1565 during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first Spanish- governor-general in the Philipppines . The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for more than three centuries Literature started to flourish during this time The Spanish colonizers wanted to undermine the native oral tradition by substituting for it to the story of the Passion of Christ. However, the native tradition survived and even flourished in areas inaccessible to the Spaniards.
- 4. *The church authoritiesadopted a policy of spreading the Church doctrines by communicating to the natives in their own language - Doctrina Christiana - The first book to be printed in the Philippines,was a prayer book written in Spanish with an accompanying Tagalog translation.
- 5. The task oftranslating religious instructional materials forced the Spanish missionaries to employ natives as translator. Eventually, these natives learned to read and write both in Spanish and in their native tongue. Ladinos-bilingual natives â They published their works, mainly devotional poetry,in the first decade of the 17th century.
- 6. Gaspar Aquino deBelen -the most gifted among the Ladinos -he wrote the Mahal na Pasion ni Jesu Christo, a tagalog poem based on christâs passion, was publish in 1704.
- 7. In the 18century, secular literature from Spain oin the form of medieval ballads inspired the native poetic- drama called komedya, later to be called more-moro because these often dealt with the theme of Christians truimphing over Muslims.
- 8. Printing overtook theoral tradition and it set for the development of Prose. The first filipino novel was âNinayâ, written in Spanish by Pedro Paternno.
- 9. The prominent figuresduring Spanish Colonial Period âą Francisco âBalagtasâ Baltazar (1788- 1892),popularly called Balagtas, is acknowledge master of traditional Tagalog poetry. âą His narrative poem âFlorante at Lauraâ, written in sublime Tagalog, is about tyranny in Albanya, but it is also perceived to be about tyranny in his Filipino homeland.
- 10. âą Jose Rizal(1896-1896), our national hero chose the realistic novel as his medium. âą Rizalâs two novels, â Noli Me Tangereâ and itâs sequel â El Filibusterismo â, chronicle the life and ultimate death of Ibarra, a Filipino educated on abroad, who attempts to reform his country through education.
- 11. Inspired by Rizaland his two novels were Andres Bonifacio (1863-1897) and his closest aide Emilio Jacinto (1875-1899). Both were writers and social critics who were profoundly influenced by the liberal ideas of the French enlightment.
- 12. âą The Philippinerevolutionary period also has itâs share of women writers. âą Gregoria de Jesus, wife of Andres Bonifacio, wrote noble Tagalog poem. âą In Vigan of the Ilocano North, Leona Frolentino, by her poetry, became the foremost Ilocano writer of her time.
- 13. Spanish Influences onthe Philippine Literature 1. Alibata 2. 2. Christian Doctrine 3. 3. Spanish Language became the literary language this time 4. European legends and tradition 5. Ancient Literature was collected and and translated to Tagalog 6. Grammar books were printed in Filipino 7. Religious Tone
- 14. The First Books 1.AngDontrina Christina (The Christian Doctrine) 2.Nuestra Senora del Rosario 3.Libro de los Cuatro Porstpremiras de Hombre (in Spanish and Tagalog) 4.Ang Barlaan at Josephat 5.The Pasion 6.Urbana and Felisa 7.Ang mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalm of Mary)
- 15. Literary Compositions 1. Artey Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules of the Tagalog Language 2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog Language) 3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala ( Tagalog Vocabulary) 4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango Vocabulary) 5. . Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan Vocabulary) 6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana ( The Art of the Ilocano Language) 7. Arte de ka Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol Language)
- 16. Folk Songs A songthat originates in traditional popular culture or that written in such style. Folk songs are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the Pre-Spanish period. These mirrored the early forms of culture. Many of these have 12 syllables. Folk songs truly manifest the artistic feeling of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinoâs innate appreciation for love and for beauty. Examples of Folk songs: âą Leron-leron Sinta (Tagalog) âą Pamulinawen (Ilokano) âą Dandansoy (Bisaya) âą Sarong Banggi ( Bicol) âą Atin Cu Pung Singsing (Kapampangan)
- 17. Recreational Play âą Thereare many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all of them were in poetic form. Here are examples: 1. Tibag âthe word tibag means to excavate. This ritual was brought here by the Spaniard to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on which Jesus died. 2. Lagaylay âthis is a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon during May, time to get together. As early as April, the participating ladies are chosen and sometimes, mothers volunteer their girls in order to fulfill a vow made during an illness or for a favor received. In some parts of Bicol, a different presentation is made but the objective is the same âpraise, respect and offering of love to the Blessed Cross by St. Helen on the mound she had dug in.
- 18. 3.The Cenaculo âthisis a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ. There are two kinds: the Cantada and Hablada. In the Hablada the lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner showing the rhythmic measure of each verse and the rhyming in each stanza and is more dignified in theme; the Cantada is chanted like the Pasion. The Cenaculo is written in octosyllabic verse, with 8 verses to the stanza. The full length versions take about 3 nights of staging. Performers come in costumes with wigs and performers are carefully chosen for their virtuous life. One performs the role of Jesus Christ and another the role of the Virgin Mary. Many famous Cenaculo players come from the Tagalog regions although there are also those from Ilocos, Pampanga, Bicol and both Sibulanon and Hiligaynon. 4. Panunuluyan âthis is presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus. 5. The Salubong (or Panubong) -The Salubong is an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. It is still presented in many Philippine towns.
- 19. 6.Carillo (Shadow Play)âthis is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest. This shadow play is made by projecting cardboard figures before a lamp against a white sheet. The figures are moved like marionettes whose dialogues are produced by some experts. The dialogues are drawn from a Corrido or Awit or some religious play interspersed with songs. These are called by various names in different places: Carillo in Manila, Rizal and Batangas and Laguan; TITRES in Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataa, Capiz and Negros; TITIRI in Zambales; GAGALO or KIKIMUT in Pampanga and Tarlac; and ALIALA in La Union. 7. The Zarzuela âconsidered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which dealt with manâs passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political problem. 8. The Sainete âthis was a short musical comedy popular during the 18th century. They were exaggerated comedies shown between acts of long plays and were mostly performed by characters from the lower classes. Themes were taken from everyday life scenarios.
- 20. Moro-moro Moro-moro (Comedia) isa play that became popular in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. It depicted battles between Christians and Moros-as Muslims in the Philippines are popularly known-with the Moros as the perpetual villains who always lost to the Christians in the end. Duplo The Duplo was a poetic debate by trained men and women in the ninth night, which is the last night of the mourning period for the dead. Karagatan The Karagatan was also a poetic debate like the Duplo, except its participants were amateurs. Both were held in homes and their theme was about a ring that fell into the sea. Balagtasan Balagtasan is Filipino form of debate done in verse. The term is derived from the surname of Francisco Balagtas
- 21. Dung-aw The dung-aw expressesthe lyric mode of death, the thought of which it congeals oneâs blood with chill anticipation thrusts one into the blank depth of sorrow. It is the song of grief, sorrow, lamentation and praise for the dead. The dung-aw is charged with deep emotion and is stamped with feeling of sympathy and love which arise directly form sharp personal sorrow which the singer of the dung-aw may have felt while creating it extemporaneously. Awit and Korido Philippine metrical romances, awit and korido in Tagalog, are long verse narratives on chivalric-heroic, religious, legendary and folkloric themes. 'Koridos' or 'corridos,' as Philippine romances are generally called, are heavily influenced by foreign literature. They were the most popular among the Spanish colonial literary forms. They are of uniform stanza pattern -- monoriming and assonant quatrain -- and vary in length, from a few hundred to several thousand lines.
- 22.
- 23. âą The literatureof the formative past by the various groups of people who inhabited the archipelago. âą A literature of varrying human interest Close to the religious and political organizations of the ancient Filipinos âą The verses were addressed to the ears rather than the eyes. âą Verses composed and sung were regarded as group property. âą Versification -Octosyllabic Legendary and religious poems -Dodecasyllabic Romance
- 24. Riddle (bugtong) âą Madeup of one or more measured lines with rhymes and may consist of 4 to 12 syllables âą Showcase the Filipino wit, literary talent, and keen observation of the surroundings âą Involves reference to one or two images that symbolize the characteristics of an unkwon object that is to be guessed Purpose of Bugtong âą To entertain âą To titillate âą To curse âą To preserve the culture
- 25. Salawikain and Sawikain âąEpigrams/Maxims/Proverbs âą Short poems that have been customarily been used and served as laws or rules on good behavior by our ancestors âą Allegorie or parables that impact the lessons for the young âą Often used in expressing single idea, that usually saturucal and had a witty ending. âą Maxims- rhyming couplets (5,6, 8 syllables) Example of Salawikain Ang matapat na kaibigan, tunay na maaasahan Example of Sawikain Kumukulo ang dugoo- very angry Write on water- forget about it Example of Maxims Pag hindi uukol Hindi bubukol Means= What is not intended for one will not bear fruit
- 26. Bulong or Chants âąUsed in witchcraft or enchantments Sa hinaba-haba ng prusisyon Sa simbahan din ang tuloy Hele hele Bago Keyme Tabi tabi po Makikiraan po lamang
- 27. Kasabihan or Sayings Usedin teasing or to comment on a personâs acutations Nag almusal mag-isa Kaning lamig;tinapa Nahulog ang kutsara Ikaw na sana,sinta Tanaga A quatrain with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line No title, 7-7-7-7,AABB Example Tahak ng tingin, tulak ng sulyap, yakao, lapat Ng titg sa balikat Hatak pa, kindat, hakat
- 28. Myth A traditional storyconsisting of events that are ostensibly historical, explaining the origins of a cultural practice or natural phenomenon. A myth can be a collectively held belief that has no basis in fact. This usage, which is often pejorative,[11] arose from labeling the religious myths and beliefs of other cultures as incorrect, but it has spread to cover non-religious beliefs as well.[12] Because of this popular and subjective word usage, many people take offense when the narratives they believe to be true are called myths. To the source culture a myth by definition is "true", in that it embodies beliefs, concepts and ways of questioning to make sense of the world.
- 29. There are manydifferent creation of myths in Philippine mythology, originated from various ethnic groups. âą Story of Bathala âą Visayan Version âą The Legend of Maria Makiling Presence of Different Deities Ex. Bathala Mythical creatures Ex. âą Aswang âą Dila âą Diwata âą Dewende âą Tikbalang âą Mankukulam
- 30. Ancient Metrical Tales Ifugao-Hudhud ni Aliguyon Ilocos-Biag ni Lam-ang Bicol- Ibalon Mindanao- Darangan Panay- Hinilawod Bagobo- Tuwaang Kalinga- Ulaliim Manobo- Agyu or Olahing Subanon- Sandayo
- 31. MADE BY : SHINSHAJUGALBOT MAY JANE CAIRO ANGELIE VILLANUEVA ROSEMARIE LOBITANIA