Downloaded 95 times
More Related Content
Similar to Spanish Conquest in America and Competing in North America
Spanish Conquest in America and Competing in North America
- 1. Spanish Conquest InThe Americas
- 2. Spain and Portugal These 2 Western European countries were the first to colonize the Americas (The New World)
- 3.
- 4. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506 Was born in Genoa, Northern Italy sailed for Spain 1492 in search of a western sea route to the Far East (China) he never reached China, he reached the Caribbean
- 5. Christopher Columbus ● TheCaribbean Columbus really landed in the Bahamas Columbus claimed the island for Spain, called it San Salvador “Holy Savior”
- 6.
- 7. Tainos Called Arawaksin English These were the Native Americans in the Bahamas where Columbus first arrived He took each island in the Caribbean as a colony for Spain and searched them for gold Columbus/Spain began a process that turned all the lands of North/South America into European colonies
- 8. Other Explorers Take tothe Seas Pedro Alvares Amerigo Vespucci Vasco Nunez de Balboa Ferdinand Magellan Hernando Cortes
- 9. Brazil 1500 Colonizedby Pedro Alvares for Portugal
- 10. Portuguese in Brazil 1500 Pedro Alvarez conquers Brazil for Portugal Brazil was only area in South America Spain did not control
- 11.
- 12. Portuguese in Brazil 1530’s Portuguese colonists settled Brazil’s coastal regions Portuguese grew sugar in Brazil Portuguese enslaved Natives in Brazil and later Africans to work sugar plantations in Brazil Portugal became very wealthy from Brazilian sugar
- 13. Amerigo Vespucci Sailedthe coast of South America for Portugal first to proclaim a new world had been found ● 1507 German mapmaker named South America after Amerigo Vespucci
- 14. Vasco Nunez deBalboa 1515 marched through Panama and claimed it for Spain
- 15. Ferdinand Magellan 1519-1522 exploredGuam, conquered the Philippines for Spain (but he was Portuguese)
- 16. Ferdinand Magellan Magellankilled in the Philippines his crew claimed Guam and Philippines for Spain 18 of original 230 men made it back to Spain 1522 (3 years later): first men to circumnavigate the globe
- 17.
- 18. Hernando Cortes 1519sailed for Spain to Mexico he marched inward to conquer new lands in Meso- America (Mexico and Central America) for Spain
- 19. Hernando Cortes Corteslearned of the wealthy Aztec Empire
- 20.
- 21. Tenochitlan Aztec Capital:modern-day Mexico City Cortes and his 600 men reach Tenocitlan after four weeks of searching (1519)
- 22.
- 23. Moctezuma II AztecEmperor when Cortes arrives (1519) Convinced Cortes was an Aztec God: Quetzalcoatl
- 24. Moctezuma II agreedto give Cortes a share of Aztec’s gold Cortes quickly enslaved and forced Aztecs into mines to dig up gold
- 25. Hernando Cortes 1520Aztecs revolt and temporarily push Cortes out
- 26. Hernando Cortes 1521Cortes returns and reconquers Aztecs for Spain
- 27. Cortes’ 3 Advantages able to convince other natives in the region to help him against Aztecs (they wanted revenge) Aztecs (and other natives) were defenseless against European diseases (measles, mumps, smallpox, typhus) Spaniards had cannons, muskets, horses
- 28. Francisco Pizarro 1532conquers parts of South America for Spain (modern day Ecuador and Peru)
- 29.
- 30. Atahualpa Inca ruler(1532) Met Pizarro’s 200 men for battle
- 31. Atahualpa Atahualpa had30,000 unarmed men Spaniards crushed them with firearms and kidnapped Atahualpa
- 32. Atahualpa promised Spaniardspiles of gold and silver for his release The Inca delivered the gold/silver: Spaniards strangled Atahualpa in front of Incas after they got the ransom
- 33. Atahualpa Incas weredemoralized and surrendered
- 34. Yucatans Mayas 1542conquered by Spaniards 1697 Finally conquered by Spaniards
- 35. Spain Pushes North 1513 Juan Ponce de Leon explored Florida 1540 Francisco Coronado led an expedition through American Southwest
- 36.
- 37. Spain’s Pattern ofConquest Conquistadors: Spanish explorers that carved out colonies in Latin America in search of gold and silver Peninsulares: Spanish settlers were almost all men Forced marriage between Spanish settlers and native women was common this created a new mixed race of Spanish and Native American blood (Mestizo) Encomiendas: Spaniards forced Natives to ranch, farm, and mine for Spanish landlords
- 38. Spain’s Pattern ofConquest Forced Conversion to Christianity ● Priests accompanied conquistadors on their expeditions to forcefully convert Natives to Catholicism
- 39.
- 40.
- 41. Santa Fe, NewMexico: first Catholic mission in the U.S: missions became the headquarters for forced conversion of Natives to Catholicism
- 42. Bartolome de LasCasas a Catholic Priest spoke out against the harsh treatment of Natives on encomiendas first to suggest enslaving Africans for labor in the new world some priests contributed to the abuse and loss of autonomy by the Native Americans
- 43. Rise of NewWorld Slavery Africans had prior exposure to European diseases and did not die from them as much as Native Americans Spaniards, Portuguese, and British (later) all began using Africans as slave labor in the new world
- 44. Native Resistance 1493Tainos on St. Croix revolted against Columbus with poison arrows Tainos revolted there again in 1495 before finally being subdued
- 45. Native Resistance endof 1600’s Pueblos in New Mexico revolted against the Spanish With forced conversion to Catholicism, priests burned Natives’ sacred objects and forbade their rituals Those who practiced their own religion were beaten
- 46. Native Resistance 1680Pop’e (Pueblo ruler) led an uprising against the Spanish in New Mexico
- 47. Native Resistance PuebloRevolt 17,000 warriors from all over New Mexico fought the Spanish they pushed Spaniards back into Mexico for 12 years
- 48. Spain’s Influence Spain’sAmerican colonies made it the richest most powerful nation in the world by the late 16th century Spain built a powerful navy and army to protect its colonies
- 49.
- 50. European Nations SettleNorth America •Magellan shows ships can travel around the globe. •Spain claims the right to sail around the southern tip of South America. •Search for a northwest route to Asia begins. •The French, Dutch, and English establish North American colonies.
- 53. Explorers Establish NewFrance •Giovanni da Verazzano discovered New York Harbor. •Jacques Cartier charts the Saint Lawrence River to Montreal. •Samuel de Champlain claims the region that is now Quebec for France. •Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet explore the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. •Robert Sieur de la Salle claims Louisiana for France.
- 54.
- 55.
- 56. Samuel de Champlainarrives in Quebec.
- 57.
- 59. A Trading Empire •TheFrench want a trading network. They are not interested in establishing large towns. •Catholic priests want to convert the natives. •France’s main economic activity in New France was the fur trade. In general, the French want to make money off the land, not occupy it.
- 61. The English Settleat Jamestown •In 1607, The English send three ships and more than 100 settlers to establish Jamestown, Virginia. •Initially, the colony is a disaster. Seven out of ten settlers died. •High demand for tobacco in England made it a profitable cash crop. •Jamestown becomes the first successful permanent English colony in North America.
- 66. Puritans Create a“New England” •“Pilgrims” seeking religious freedom establish Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. •“Puritans” establish Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628. •Puritans want to “purify” the Church of England, the Anglican Church.
- 67. The Dutch FoundNew Netherland •The Dutch East India Company sponsors colonies in New York. •Henry Hudson, working for the Dutch explored the Hudson River, Hudson Bay, and the Hudson Strait. •They establish trade posts at Albany, and Manhattan Island. •Dutch holdings become known as New Netherland.
- 69. Diversity in DutchColonies •In order to attract settlers, the Dutch invite German, French, and Scandinavian settlers to the region. •They are tolerant of diverse religious faiths. •Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, and Jews.
- 70. Colonizing the Caribbean •TheFrench seize control of Haiti, Guadeloupe, and Martinique. •The English settle Barbados and Jamaica. •The Dutch occupy the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. •African slaves were used to harvest tobacco and sugar.
- 72. The Fight forNorth America •The French, Dutch and English struggle for supremacy in North America. •After years of battles, the English gain control of most of the continent.
- 73. The English Oustthe Dutch •In 1664, Charles II granted permission to his brother, the Duke of York, to drive the Dutch out of New Netherland. •They surrendered without a shot. It was renamed New York. By 1750, 1.3 million English settlers lived in 13 colonies from New Hampshire to Georgia.
- 74.
- 75. England Battles France •Conflictsbetween England and France grow as the English settle further westward. •The French and Indian War starts over fighting in the Ohio River Valley. It was part of the Seven Years War in Europe. •The English defeat the French in 1763 and seize control over the eastern half of North America.
- 78. Native American Reaction •Europeancolonization brings disaster to Native Americans. •They fall victim to warfare and disease.
- 79. A Strained Relationship •TheFrench and Dutch establish good trading relationships with native Americans. The fur trade benefits both sides. •English settlement means relations with the natives are not as peaceful.
- 80. Settlers and NativeAmericans Battle •As early as 1622, the Powhatan tribe attacked colonial villages at Jamestown and killed 350 settlers. •King Philip’s War (1675) ended in a massacre of Indians.
- 81. Natives Fall toDisease •An epidemic of smallpox in 1616 ravaged the New England coast. The population of the Massachusetts tribe dropped from 24,000 to 750 by 1631. •The loss of laborers eventually leads to the importation of African slaves.
- 82. THAT’S ALL!! THANK YOU FORLISTENING! PREPARED BY: Regine Billena Quidato