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SPORTS INJURY by Diwakar Kashyap Sir
A sports injury is any physical damage or trauma that occurs while playing sports or exercising. These injuries can affect muscles, bones, joints, ligaments, and tendons.
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SPORTS INJURY by Diwakar Kashyap Sir
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- 2. INJURY EVERY DAY, MILLIONSOF PEOPLES IN THE WORLD PARTICIPATE IN GAMES AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES. BUT SPORTS ACTIVITIES ARE MORE THEN A PLAY. PARTICIPATION IN GAMES AND SPORTS CAN ALSO RESULT IN INJURIES- SOME MINOR, SOME SERIOUS, AND STILL OTHERS RESULTING IN LIFELONG MEDICAL PROBLEMS. DEFINITION OF INJURY 1. PHYSICAL HARM TO A LIVING BEING IS CALLED INJURY. 2. A PARTICULAR FORM OF HURT, DAMAGE OR LOSS IS ALSO CALLED INJURY.
- 3. SPORTS INJURY sportsinjury refers to the kind of injuries that most commonly occur during sports or exercise. TYPES OF SPORTS INJURIES Acute Injuries Overuse Injuries 1. ACUTE INJURIES: Acute injuries are caused by sudden trauma. Common acute injuries among young sportsperson/athletes include sprains, strain, contusion and fractures. 2.OVERUSE INJURIES: Overuse injuries are caused by overuse of specific body parts. It is a series of small injuries to immature bodies can cause minor fractures, minimal muscle tears or progressive bone deformities, known as overuse injuries. common overuse injuries occur in the heel with tear in the tissue where tendons attach to the leg bone or the heel bone.
- 4. INJURIES CAN FURTHERCLASSIFIED INTO TWO ANOTHER TYPES 1. Exposed injury 2.Unexposed injury A) EXPOSED (OPEN INJURY) Exposed injuries are those injuries which can be seen by naked eyes or caused in wounds. For examples such as: Abrasion, Laceration, Blisters, Puncture wounds. B) UNEXPOSED (CLOSED INJURY) Unexposed injuries are those injuries which can’t be seen by naked eyes or not caused in wounds. This kind of injuries occurred in the internal organs of the body such as bones, muscles, tendons and ligaments. For example strain, sprain, dislocation and closed fractures.
- 5. ABRASION It isa superficial injury of skin due to rubbing or scraping. It is normally a minor injury but can be serious if some foreign matter is stuck in it. It may be caused by a fall on a hard or rough surface. Such injuries occur in sports like wrestling, football, cricket, hockey and track and field, etc.
- 6. ABRASION SIGNS ANDSYMPTOMS a) Scraping of skin with some burning pain. b) Some bleeding at the abraison spot.
- 7. BLISTERS Blisters are causedby largely due to the friction such as a tight shoes. Blisters may come upon on any part of the body. On palm, fingers and feets. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS A) Fluid collection under the B) superficial skin layer. B) Redness and swelling around the blister area. CAUSES: Repeated friction. TREATMENT A) Don’t wear the thick socks. B) Avoid exercise. C) Apply 10% tannic acid.
- 8. LECREATION A laceration isthe separation of the skin with relatively sharp edges means there is a complete wt. in the skin 60th dermis and epidermis. DEFINITION A laceration is an irregular wounds through the skin and dipper tissues.
- 9. CAUSES By fancing withknife and hockey stick. COMMON SIDES Face, Eyebrow, Jaw Skin, Chin, Elbows, Knee Cap. Sign and Symptoms Patient comes with variable amount of bleeding. Treatment Wash with water
- 10. SPRAIN (LIGAMENT INJURY) This is an injury of the ligaments. It occurs due to over stretching of ligaments. During exercise, ligaments sometimes become tense and get injured near the joint with a bone or from a weak spot in the ligaments themselves. Sprains may take place in weight lifting, track and field and tennis etc. COMMON SIDES: Sprains occur at joints and any part like elbow, knee or ankle joint, etc. SPRAINS ARE OF THREE TYPES A) MILD: When there is slight tearing of some ligament fibers and there is no loss of function. B) MODERATE: When some rupture of ligaments is accompanied with some loss of function. C) SEVERE: Total rupture of ligaments or even separation from bone
- 11. SPRAIN SIGNS ANDSYMPTOMS A) Acute pain in the spot injured. B) Swelling on the spot. C) Softness at the spot and pain on touching. TREATMENT A) Do not move the injured part. Consult a doctor and follow medical advice. B)In case of mild sprain, apply ice compression 3-4 times in a day for three days and cover the affected part by elastic crepe bandage after treatment. C)After three days apply heat
- 12. STRAIN (TENDON INJURY) Strain is the result of stress or force applied on tissues. Application of force results in some deformities in tissues. This deformation is termed as strain. Strain may also be termed as an injury to muscles or tendons connected to the bones. Application of a violent or extra force may result in such injuries. Such injuries take place in track and field, gymnastics, weight lifting and skiing, etc. STRAIN ARE ALSO OF THREE TYPES A) MILD: When there is a slight muscle pull without any tearing of muscle or tendon. B) MODERATE: When there is slight tearing of muscle or tendon and there is some loss of strength. C) SEVERE: When the muscles or tendons rupture. In such a case, loss of strength is considerable.
- 13. STRAIN . SIGNS ANDSYMPTOMS A) Pain in moving the body part such as arm or leg. B) Swelling in the area C) Feeling as something broken inside. D) Loss of strength in movement. TREATMENT A) Stop movement of the injured part. Apply ice compression and take medical advice. B) For mild strain, use ice massage 3-4 times daily. C) After two days, stop ice massage and apply heat instead. D) Wrap the affected part by crepe bandage.
- 14. DISLOCATION It isan injury to a joint in which adjoining bones are displaced from their normal position. Ligaments that bind the joints also get injured frequently in a dislocation. Fractures also occur frequently with dislocations. Injury to the ligaments in a dislocation is called ligament sprain. COMMON SIDES: Shoulder, elbow, thumb and finger joints are the joints that get dislocated frequently. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS A) Severe pain over the joint. B) Swelling at the joint may be visible. C) Inability to make movements of the joint easily. D) Deformity in the shape of a joint.
- 15. DISLOCATION TREATMENT A) Donot try to adjust or reduce the dislocation yourself. B) Let the injured person sit on a chair or lie on a bed in a comfortable position. C) Keep the person warm. D) Get proper medical aid as soon as possible. Delay can result in many tissues losing their elasticity.
- 16. The immediate careof common sports injuries REST As soon as an injury occurs, it is important to stop the activity immediately. Prolonged delay in stopping the activity could case further damage to the injured part. When a body part has become injured, the body reacts with an inflammatory process, which causes swelling, redness, local increase of heat in the area, pain and malfunction. The degree of each of these depends upon the severity of the injury. ICE Put ice on the injured part as soon as possible after the injury. Ice or cold, specifically controls swelling by constricting the blood and lymph vessels, decreases muscle spasm which often accompatinos injury and decreases some of the discomfort and pain caused by the inflammation. The ice should be applied for 20-30 minutes. It could be in the form of an ice bag, chemical packs, frozen vegetables, can of soda, snow etc. It should be applied every hour for the next several hours.
- 17. The immediate careof common sports injuries COMPRESSION Compression also helps to limit swelling in the injured area. The compression should be applied concurrently with the cold treatment (a wet elastic bandage). After the ice treatment, a dry elastic wrap or tape should be applied comfortably firm not too tight to cut off circulation, or too loose to allow, further swelling ELEVATION The fourth part of the treatment is to elevate the injured part while being compressed. In elevating, support should be placed under the entire limb. The height should be above the level of the HEART to help drain the excess fluid from the injured area. While sleeping, the compression wrap should be loosened and the foot of the bed or mattress raised by some suitable object (for injuries to the lower extremity) or the head of the bed or mattress raised for the upper extremity injuries
- 18. SOME COMMON SPORTSINJURIES 1. FRACTURES When a bone cracks or breaks, it is termed as a fracture . DEFINITION According to oxford dictionary “ the act of being broken is fracture”.
- 19. 1. IMPACTED FRACTURES: When the broken end of both the bones driven into one another. 2. GREENSTICK FRACTURE: This is a fracture in which the bone may be develop a crack and be bent, without breaking completely. Such fracture often take place among children when the bones are soft.
- 20. 3. SIMPLE FRACTURE: Thisis a fracture in which a bone is broken, but there is no damage to the surrounding tissues. 4. COMPOUND FRACTURES: In a compound fracture, both the bone and the skin break, and there is a danger of infection.
- 21. 5. COMPLICATED FRACTURE: Inthis types of fracture ,breaking of the bone is accompanied with injury to the surrounding tissue or some important internal structure. Such as lungs, liver, kidney or brain, etc. 6. MULTIPLE FRACTURE: It means there is more than one fracture in the bone. 7. COMMUNITED FRACTURE: In this type of a fracture, a bone is broken at more than one place. 8. TRANSVERSE FRACTURE: In this the bone is completely broken in a manner that is perpendicular to the way the bone runs.
- 22. SIGNS ANDSYMPTOMS A) Severe pain at the point where fracture is suspected. B) Swelling around the suspected fracture point. C) Loss of power, weakness at the point of fracture. D) Inability to perform natural movements at the part affected. E) Irregularity may be felt in the bone on touching. TREATMENT A) Bandage must be applied according to the requirement of the injured part. B) For transporting the injured person to a hospital, a sitting position is desirable but in complicated cases he/she should be transported in a laying position on a stretcher.
- 23. CONTUSION It is brushingof skin and underlying tissues of the body parts due to a direct blow. It causes bleeding from ruptured, small capillaries that allow blood to infiltrate muscles, tendons or other soft tissue. CAUSES The main reason of contusion is direct blow to a particular body part, i.e. ankle, elbow, arm, etc. usually from a blunt object. TREATMENT Iceing, Compression