Spring Framework 5.0による Reactive Web Application #JavaDayTokyo

‹#›© 2016 Pivotal Software, Inc. All rights reserved. ‹#›© 2017 Pivotal Software, Inc. All rights reserved.
Spring Framework 5.0
Reactive Web Application
Toshiaki Maki (@making)
2016-05-17 Java Day Tokyo 2017

© 2017 Pivotal Software, Inc. All rights reserved.
Who am I ?
• Toshiaki Maki (@making) https://blog.ik.am
• Sr. Solutions Architect @Pivotal
• Spring Framework 💖
• Cloud Foundry 💖
bit.ly/hajiboot2

Reactive???

Reactive???
"In a nutshell reactive programming is about
non-blocking, event-driven applications that
scale with a small number of threads with
backpressure as a key ingredient that remains
to ensure producers do not overwhelm
consumers"
- Rossen Stoyanchev

Sync / Blocking
https://speakerdeck.com/simonbasle/reactor-3

Sync / Blocking
I/O
main thread processing
resumes

Sync / Blocking
I/O
main thread processing
resumes
😴 app does nothing

Async & Blocking

Async & Blocking
main thread wait &
join

Async & Blocking
main thread wait &
join
complex
new
threads,
costly

Async & Non-Blocking

Async & Non-Blocking
Event
Loop
chunks
processing
in non-blocking

Blocking + Thread pools (Servlet)
HTTP request
HTTP response
📖⏳
⚙⏳
✍⏳
Thread

Non-blocking and event-loop (Netty)
IO Selector Thread Worker Threads
🔄
📖⚙ ⚙ ✍
✍ ⚙ 📖⚙
📖 ✍ ✍ ⚙
⚙ ✍ 📖 📖🔄
🔄
🔄
🔄

Non-blocking and event-loop (Netty)
IO Selector Thread Worker Threads
🔄
📖⚙ ⚙ ✍
✍ ⚙ 📖⚙
📖 ✍ ✍ ⚙
⚙ ✍ 📖 📖🔄
🔄
🔄
🔄
https://github.com/backpaper0/httpserver

Use Case: Remote call with latency
☁💻
https://speakerdeck.com/sdeleuze/developing-reactive-applications-with-reactive-streams-and-java-8

Use Case: Remote call with latency
☁💻
🐌

Use Case: Serve a lot of slow clients
📱📱 📱📱 📱📱 📱📱 📱📱 📱📱

Use Case: Push message to client
💻 💬💬💬
Server-Sent Events
WebSocket
RabbitMQ
Apache Kafka
∞

Other Use Cases
•Live (continuous) database queries
•UI event handling (Android)
•Big Data
•Real Time Analytics
•HTTP/2

Going Reactive
More for scalability and stability than for speed

blocking ====> event-based
public class IAmBlocking {
public void blockingCode() {
String a = callRemoteA();
String b = callRemoteB();
String c = callRemoteC();
String d = callRemoteD();
System.out.println(a+" "+b+" "+c+" "+d);
}
}
😅

public class AmIReactive {
public void amIReallyReactive() {
callRemoteA(a -> {
callRemoteB(b -> {
callRemoteC(c -> {
callRemoteD(d -> println(a+" "+b+" "+c+" "+d),
exd -> exd.printStackTrace())
}, exc -> exc.printStackTrace())
}, exb -> exb.printStackTrace()
}, exa -> exa.printStackTrace());}}
😕

public class IAmReactive {
public void iAmReallyReactive() {
when(callRemoteA(), callRemoteB(),
callRemoteC(), callRemoteD())
.doOnError(e -> e.printStakcTrace())
.subscribe(t -> // Tuple4<A, B, C, D>
println(t.t1 +" "+t.t2+" "+t.t3+" "+t.t4));
😀

‹#›© 2016 Pivotal Software, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reactive Streams / Reactor

Reactive Streams
•Standard interfaces for asynchronous stream
processing with non-blocking back pressure
•De-facto standard for interoperability
between reactive libraries
•Implemented by
http://www.reactive-streams.org/

Reactive Streams
•Standard interfaces for asynchronous stream
processing with non-blocking back pressure
•De-facto standard for interoperability
between reactive libraries
•Implemented by
http://www.reactive-streams.org/
RxJava 2 Reactor Akka Streams

Reactive Streams has 4 interfaces
public interface Publisher<T> {
void subscribe(Subscriber<? super T> s);
}
public interface Subscription {
void request(long n);
void cancel();
}
public interface Subscriber<T> {
void onSubscribe(Subscription s);
void onNext(T t);
void onError(Throwable t);
void onComplete();
}
public interface Processor<T, R> extends
Publisher<T>, Subscriber<R> {}

Publisher Subscriber
Data Flow

subscribe
Data Flow

request(n)
Backpressure
Data Flow

Backpressure
onNext(data)
onNext(data)
onNext(data)
Data Flow

Backpressure
Error|Complete
Data Flow

Back-pressure
•Allows to control the amount of inflight data
•Regulate the transfer between
•Slow publisher and fast consumer
•Fast publisher and slow consumer

Reactive Streams based libraries

Reactive Streams based libraries
RxJava
Reactor
Akka Streams

Reactor
•Natively built on top of Reactive Streams with Rx API
•Developed by Pivotal
•Focus on Java 8
•java.util.function.*
•Duration / CompletableFuture / Stream
• Lightweight Rx API with 2 types:
•Flux / Mono
https://projectreactor.io/

Flux<T>
Mono<T>

Flux<T> is a Publisher<T> for 0..n elements

Mono<T> is a Publisher<T> for 0..1 element

Flux
Flux<Integer> stream1 = Flux.just(1, 2, 3)
.map(x -> x * 2)
.filter(x -> x > 2); // 4, 6
Flux<String> stream2 = Flux.just("a", "b", "c");
Flux.zip(stream1, stream2) 
.doOneNext(t -> println(t.t1 + ":" + t.t2))
.subscribe();
Flux.merge(stream1, stream2) 
.doOneNext(x -> println(x)).subscribe();

Flux
.map(x -> x * 2)
.filter(x -> x > 2); // 4, 6
.subscribe();
4:a
6:b

Flux
.map(x -> x * 2)
.filter(x -> x > 2); // 4, 6
.subscribe();
4:a
6:b
4
6
a
b
c

String location = "Tokyo, Japan";
mainService.fetchWeather(location)
.timeout(Duration.ofSeconds(2))
.doOnError(ex -> logger.error(ex.getMessage()))
.onErrorResume(ex -> backupService.fetchWeather(location))
.map(w -> format("Weather in %s is %s", w.location(), w.description()))
.subscribe(message -> logger.info(message));

Mono<Weather> fetchWeather(String city);

times out and emits an error after 2 sec

logs a message in case of errors

switches to a different service in case of error

transforms a weather instance into a String message

triggers the processing of the chain

Type comparison
No value Single value Multiple values
JDK CompletableFuture<Void> CompletableFuture<T> CompletableFuture<List<T>>
Reactive
Streams
Publisher<Void> Publisher<T> Publisher<T>
RxJava1 Completable Single<T> Observable<T>
RxJava2 Completable 
Maybe<T>
Single<T>
Maybe<T>
Flowable<T> (*)
Observable<T>
Reactor Mono<Void> (*) Mono<T> (*) Flux<T> (*)
(*) ... implements Publisher

java.util.concurrent.Flow in JDK 9
Reactive Streams JDK 9
org.reactivestreams java.util.concurrent
Publisher Flow.Publisher
Subscriber Flow.Subscriber
Subscription Flow.Subscription
Processor Flow.Processor

Reactive Streams ↔ j.u.c.Flow
// Reactive Streams (Reactor)
Publisher<String> pub = Flux.just("hello");
// java.util.concurrent.Flow
Flow.Publisher<String> flow =
JdkFlowAdapter.publisherToFlowPublisher(pub);
// java.util.concurrent.Flow
Flow.Publisher<String> flow = /* ... */;
// Reactive Streams (Reactor)
Flux<String> pub =
JdkFlowAdapter.flowPublisherToFlux(flow);

•Performance improvements
•JDK 9 - HTTP/2
•Reactive Spring
•Functional APIs
•Kotlin Support
https://speakerdeck.com/snicoll/spring-framework-5-dot-0-themes-and-trends

@Controller, @RequestMapping
Spring MVC
Servlet API
Servlet Container

Spring MVC
Servlet API
Servlet Container Servlet 3.1, Netty, Undertow
Spring WebFlux
HTTP / Reactive Streams

Spring MVC
Servlet API
Servlet Container
Router functions
Servlet 3.1, Netty, Undertow
Spring WebFlux
HTTP / Reactive Streams

Spring WebFlux

Spring WebFlux
@RestController 
public class HelloController {
@GetMapping
Flux<String> hello() { 
return Flux.just("Hello", "World"); 
} 
}

Spring WebFlux
@RestController 
public class EchoController {
@PostMapping("/echo")
Flux<String> upperCase
(@RequestBody Flux<String> body) { 
return body.map(String::toUpperCase); 
} 
}

Returns Infinite-Stream
@RestController 
public class HelloController {
@GetMapping
Flux<Integer> infinite() {
Stream<Integer> s =
Stream.iterate(0, i -> i + 1); 
return Flux.fromStream(s); 
}}

Returns Infinite-Stream
@RestController 
public class TweetController {
@GetMapping
Flux<Tweet> infiniteTweet() {
Stream<Tweet> s =
Stream.iterate(0, i -> i + 1)
.map(i -> new Tweet("hello" + i)); 
return Flux.fromStream(s);}}

Flux<Tweet> as a Server-Sent Events
curl ... -H "Accept: text/event-stream"
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Type: text/event-stream
<
data: {"text":"hello0"}
...

Flux<Tweet> as a JSON Stream
curl ... -H "Accept: application/stream+json"
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Type: application/stream+json
<
{"text":"hello0"}
{"text":"hello1"}
{"text":"hello2"}
{"text":"hello3"}
...

WebClient
•Reactive HTTP Client

WebClient
a nice RestTemplate alternative

WebClient
WebClient webClient = WebClient.create();
Mono<String> s = webClient.get()
.uri("http://api.example.com")
.exchange()
.flatMap(res ->
res.bodyToMono(String.class));
a nice RestTemplate alternative

WebClient
Mono<String> s = webClient.get()
.retrieve()
.bodyToMono(String.class);

WebClient
Flux<Tweet> tweets = webClient.get()
.retrieve()
.bodyToFlux(Tweet.class);

Flux<Tweet> WebClient
Streaming API

Flux<Tweet>
✔ Reactive API
✔ Can consume (infinite) streams
WebClient
Streaming API

Flux.zip(tweets, issues)
WebClient
Streaming API
REST API
WebClient

Flux.zip(tweets, issues)
✔ Chain and compose
WebClient
Streaming API
REST API
WebClient

WebClient
Web handler
WebFlux

WebClient
Web handler
WebFlux
✔ Shared resources (event loop, buffers)
✔ Built-in mocking capabilities

Router Functions

Router Functions
RouterFunctions<ServerResponse> routes() { 
return RouterFunctions.route(
RequestPredicates.GET("/"),
req -> ServerResponse.ok()
.body(Mono.just("Hello","World"),
String.class)); 
}

Router Functions
return route(
RequestPredicates.GET("/"),
String.class)); 
}

Router Functions
return route(GET("/"),
String.class)); 
}

Router Functions
return route(GET("/"),
req -> ok()
String.class)); 
}

Router Functions
RouterFunctions<ServerResponse> routes() {
return route(POST("/echo"),
req -> {
Mono<String> body = req
.bodyToMono(String.class)
.map(String::toUpperCase);
return ok().body(body, String.class));
});}

Spring Boot 2.0
Spring Boot 2.0 supports
Spring 5 and WebFlux ✨

start.spring.io

DEMO

Spring MVC VS Spring WebFlux
@GetMapping
Flux<String> hello() { 
return Flux.just("Hello")
.delayElements(
ofSeconds(1)); 
}
@GetMapping
String hello() {
Thread.sleep(1000); 
return"Hello"; 
}
server.tomcat.max-threads=200 (default)
https://gist.github.com/making/f32e81c5684a5fd810039854091dd793
Tomcat Netty

Concurrent users = 100

Transaction rate: 94.79 trans/sec
Response time: 1.05 sec
Live peek threads: 129

Blocking in WebFlux??
@GetMapping
Flux<String> hello() {
Thread.sleep(1000); // blocking! 
return Flux.just("Hello"); 
}

Response time: 12 sec
Live peek threads: 22 😱

End-to-End Reactive

End-to-End Reactive
Controller
Repository
Service
Filter
Publisher Publisher Publisher Publisher
Publisher Publisher Publisher Publisher

Spring Projects
Reactor Ecosystem
Spring Security
Spring Data
Spring Cloud
Spring Integration
Reactor Projects
Reactor Netty
Reactor Kafka
Lettuce
Thymeleaf

Spring Projects
Reactor Ecosystem
Spring Security
Spring Data
Spring Cloud
Spring Integration
Reactor Projects
Reactor Netty
Reactor Kafka
Lettuce
MongoDB Redis Cassandra Couchbase
Thymeleaf

Spring Data Release Train Kay
•Supports
•Reactive Template
•Reactive Repository

Reactive Repository
public interface ReactiveCrudRepository<ID,T> {
Mono<T> findById(ID id);
Mono<T> findById(Mono<ID> id);
Flux<T> findAll();
Mono<Long> count();
Mono<T> save(T entity);
Mono<T> saveAll(Publisher<T> entityStream);
Mono<Void> delete(T entity)
// ...
}

@Tailable for Infinite streams
public interface PersonRepository
extends ReactiveMongoRepository<Person,String> {
@Tailable
Flux<Person> findByFirstname(String firstname);
}

What about JPA/JDBC?
🤔

•JDBC is blocking ⌛
•JPA is blocking ⌛
🤔

•JDBC is blocking ⌛
•JPA is blocking ⌛
🤔
https://static.rainfocus.com/oracle/oow16/sess/1461693351182001EmRq/ppt/
CONF1578%2020160916.pdf
https://www.voxxed.com/blog/2016/09/non-blocking-database-access/
•Non-Blocking JDBC in JDK 10?

Switching execution context
BlockingRepository<User> repo = ...;
Flux<User> users =
Flux.defer(() ->
Flux.fromIterable(repo.findAll()))
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.elastic());
Make the subscription and request happen
on a particular thread

Switching execution context
Flux<User> users = ...;
BlockingRepository<User> repo = ...;
users.publishOn(Schedulers.elastic())
.doOneNext(u -> repo.save(u))
.then() ;
Switch rest of the flux on a particular thread

Reactive Web Applications
Example

💻
💻
💻
Server-Sent Events
POST
PUBLISH
SUBSCRIBE
INCR
Pub/Sub Application
bit.ly/jdtd1d5

API Gateway
• Rate Limiter
• Web Application Firewall

API Gateway
• Rate Limiter
• Web Application Firewall
✅ Spring Cloud Gateway

Route Services in Cloud Foundry

FFB (Frontend for Backend)
💻
📱
Frontend Backend

Reactive Everywhere
CF Java Client
Firehose Nozzle
Firehose Nozzle
Cloud Foundry
💻
Firehose
Doppler Endpoint
WebSocket
Rector Kafka
(Publisher)
Rector Kafka
(Consumer)
Reactor Netty
Sever-Sent Event
Spring WebFluxLog, Metrics

Spring WebFlux
• https://blog.ik.am/entries/417
• https://blog.ik.am/entries/418
• ...

Thank you!!
• Handson
• https://github.com/reactor/lite-rx-api-hands-on
• Slides
• https://speakerdeck.com/simonbasle/reactor-3
• https://speakerdeck.com/sdeleuze/developing-reactive-applications-with-
reactive-streams-and-java-8
• https://speakerdeck.com/snicoll/spring-framework-5-dot-0-themes-and-
trends
• https://speakerdeck.com/mp911de/reactive-spring
• https://speakerdeck.com/christophstrobl/sneak-peek-on-spring-data-kay
• https://speakerdeck.com/normanmaurer/netty-meetup-2017-san-francisco

Spring Framework 5.0による Reactive Web Application #JavaDayTokyo

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