Standard safety measures

STANDARD SAFETY
MEASURES
Presented by
Pravin kumar
Msc. Nsg.final year

Meaning :
Standards
– A standard is a predetermined level of excellence that serves a guide
for practice.
Safety
– Safety is the state of being "safe" (from French sauf), the condition of
being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political,
emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or
consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other
event which could be considered non-desirable.

INTRODUCTION
• Standard safety measures are a set of infection control practices used to prevent
transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body
fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes. These
measures are to be used when providing care to all individuals, whether or not
they appear infectious or symptomatic.
• Hand Hygiene
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Needle stick and Sharps Injury Prevention
• Cleaning and Disinfection
• Respiratory Hygiene (Cough Etiquette)
• Waste Disposal
• Safe Injection Practices

DEFINITION
• Standard Safety measures are the
minimum infection prevention
practices that should be used in
the care of all patients all of the
time. These practices are designed
to both protect the healthcare
worker and to prevent the
healthcare worker from spreading
infections among patients.

A/C TO WHO.
Standard precautions are a set
of infection control practices
used to prevent transmission
of diseases that can be
acquired by contact with
blood, body fluids, non-intact
skin (including rashes), and
mucous membranes.

Principal of standard safety
measures
• it help to control the communicable disease in hospital
•it prevent the harmful infection in hospital or other health care center
•its prevents the transmission of infection or disease
•to prevent the undesirable microorganism
•to prevent the cross infection in hospitals

TYPES OF SAFETY
• Normative safety
• Normative safety is a term used to describe products or designs that meet
applicable design standards.
• Substantive safety
• Substantive or objective safety means that the real-world safety history is
favorable, whether or not standards are met.
• Perceived safety
Perceived or subjective safety refers to the level of comfort of users. For
example, traffic signals are perceived as safe, yet under some circumstances,
they can increase traffic crashes at an intersection.

SAFETY MEASURES
Safety measures are activities and
precautions taken to improve safety, i.e.
reduce
risk related to human health. Common
safety measures include:
1. Root cause analysis
2. Visual examination for dangerous
situations
3. Visual examination for flaws such as
cracks, peeling, loose connections.
4. Safety margins/Safety factors
5. Implementation of standard protocols
and procedures
6. Training of employees, vendors, product
users
7. Instruction manuals
8. Instructional videos
9. Examination of activities by
specialists
10. Government regulation
11. Industry regulation.
12. Self-imposed regulation of
various types.
13. Statements of Ethics
14. Periodic evaluations of
employees, departments, etc.

STANDARD SAFETY MEASURES IN HOSPITAL
• Physical health
• Bio medical waste management
• Standard precautions
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Aim: to provide an environment favourable to recovery
1. Promote comfort
2. Extermination and control of vermin and animal pets
3. Dangers
– Preventing mechanical injury
– Preventing shocks and burns from electrical fixtures
– Prevention of fire
– Protection from chemical injury

BIO MEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Biomedical waste are waste
which is generated during
the diagnosis ,treatment or
immunization of human
being or animals also in
research activities.

Steps in the Management of
Biomedical Waste
1. Survey of waste generated.
2. Segregation of hospital waste
3. Collection & Categorization of waste.
4. Storage of waste.( Not beyond 48 hrs. )
5. Transportation of waste.
6. Treatment of waste.

1. PEOPLE AND HAND
HYGIENE
• It is the people in hospitals rather than the
physical environment which constitutes the
reservoir of infection. Nurses should follow hand
washing techniques properly and they should
also guide other staffs, students to follow the
procedure of hand washing which includes social
handwashing, followed by procedural hand wash.
All the steps of hand washing should be followed
properly. Following the habit of procedural hand
wash after touching each child will help to
prevent cross infection. Always use liquid soap
instead of solid soap for hand washing

2. ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES
• Strict adherence to aseptic
invasivetechniques in various
procedures. Insertion
of catheters,
and
surgical
drainage tubes and
removal
tubing’s,
packs need strict no-touch
techniques even while they are
done outside of operation
theaters in nursing units.

3.SEGREGATION OF
CONTAMINATED INSTRUMENTS
• There must be a system for
keeping the contaminated pieces
of linen, sputum cups, bedpans,
urinals, and similar items
separately to minimize chances
of getting mixed up with clean
items.

4. ISOLATION POLICY
• Availability of adequate number of
trained nurses is crucial for prevention of
nosocomial infection. Isolation facilities
for patients with communicable diseases
and those vulnerable to infection. Such
facilities must be made available in ICU,
nurseries, burn unit, transplant unit, etc.
Strict control on wearing of mask, gown
and gloves must be exercised while
attending to such patients. All articles
taken for patient use must be treated
appropriately

5. MASKING AND GOWNING AND
GLOWING
• Gloves should be worn especially while
dealing with HIV infected patients.
• As for any surgical procedure lumbar
puncture Gown and Glove should be
worn by the person who conducts the
procedure.
• Gowns should be washed and
Autoclaved daily.

6. DISINFECTION PRACTICES
• Different kinds of disinfectants vary in theirreaction
to different kinds of microorganisms. Phenolic
are activecompounds
organisms. Quaternary
against
ammonium
gram-negative
compounds
against staphylococci, streptococci, and lodophores
and
• hypochloride’s have a broad spectrum of action.
Selection of appropriate disinfectant for different
following should bepurpose is important. The
checked.
• Appropriate choice
• Appropriate concentration
• Appropriate contact time

7. STERILIZATION PRACTICES
• An efficient CSSD ensures supply of properly sterilized articles to all users in the
hospital. Each sterilization must be monitored through the use of heat- sensitive
tapes.
• All steam and ethylene oxide sterilizers should be checked at least once each week
with a suitable live spore preparation by the laboratory.
• Instruments which come in contact with mucous membranes but are disinfected
rather than sterilized before use, such as endoscopes, and anesthesia equipment
may be bacteriologically sampled on a spot check basis to ensure adequacy of
disinfection.

8. PREVENTION OF INJURIES.
• After using the disposable needles, never recap
them to potential risk of injury they should be
disposed of uncapped.
• Injection files and cotton swabs should be used
for breaking ampoules.
• Scissors and blades should be handled with
extreme care.
• Needles should never be left on the bed, table,
chair, nurse ‘s station etc.
• Heavy duty gloves should be used while
handling and washing sharp instruments and
glass ware.

9. OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT
• In outpatient department
arrangements forseparate
receiving and examining
patients suspected of having
acute
condition
significant
communicable
should be made.

10. DIETARY SERVICE
appropriate temperatures
• Storage of food articles and
in
refrigerators and deep freezers
must be checked. Control of
rodents and insects is a must
to prevent contamination of
stored food and supplies Fruits
and vegetables eaten raw must
be thoroughly washed before
consumption.

11. HANDLING THE
LABORATORY SPECIMENS
• The specimens should be
collected in screw capped
disposable container
soiling laboratory
plastic
without
forms.
• Never pipette blood or other
body fluid with your mouth.

12. HANDLING THE BLOOD
SPILLS
• The spill should be covered with
cotton, newspaper or other absorbent
material.
• Pour 1% of Hydro chlorate solution or
bleach solution over the spill
• Wipe the spill soaked area after 20
minutes.
• Discard the soiled materials in a
polythene lined waste bag (red bag)
• The soiled floor should be cleaned with
the detergents.

13. HOUSEKEEPING
ROUTINES
• Dry dusting and sweeping should be avoided; it is preferable to vacuum
cleaner to suck the dust from the floor, walls and equipment’s.
• Wet mopping of floors with soap and water containing 3% phenol should
be
• carried out at least thrice daily
• The waxing of surfaces and use of oil in water for mopping may limit
dissemination of microorganisms.
• The walls should be wiped or sprayed with 2% bacillocide once a week
• The sinks should be washed with 3% phenol or 5% Lysol at least once a
day.

14. AIR HYGIENE IN OPERATION
THEATERS
• Clogging of air filters of the AC system renders the ventilation in
operation theaters and such other areas infective. Air filters
should be frequently cleaned. Periodical smoke
• studies should be carried out for air movement in operation
theaters and checking that the
• AC system is achieving the desirable number of air changes per
hour.

15. TERMINATION DISINFECTION
• Termination disinfection of
isolation rooms must be carried
out thoroughly on the principle as
operating rooms before
permitting the room for reuse. At
such times, the staff must use the
same precautions (cap, mask,
gown, gloves) used for nursing in
such isolation rooms.

16. DEVELOPING A SENSE OF
AWARENESS
• Developing in all hospital workers a high sense of
awareness, and training and retraining in the
precautionary measures, prevention and control.

17. PREVENTION OF
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
• Cover all the cuts and abrasions with water proof dressings.
• Use gloves when handling instruments or equipment.
• Do not recap needles after use
• Never manipulate any sharp that involves directing the point of the
needle towards any part of the body.
• Disposal sharps immediately.
• Refer to the needles stick injury guidelines.
• Health care workers with skin condition must seek the advice of
occupational health
nurse.
• Advice junior staffs and students to inform to seniors to be reported

18. MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT
CARE EQUIPMENT
• Don not re use single patient’s equipment to
other patients.
• Patient care equipment should be
decontaminated as per
the decontamination policy.
• Wear protective clothing ‘s when handling
the contaminated articles.
• Do not use single use equipment again
• Patient related equipment such as pumps;
Drip stands etc. must be kept clean.

19. WASTE DISPOSAL
• Nurses should have thorough information and knowledge regarding
• Biomedical and general waste management.
• There should be provision for foot operated bins adjacent to each baby
unit for disposal of used materials and soiled linens
• Plastic bags should be kept as hampers in the dust bins and they should
be sealed before their removal.
• The dust bin should be mopped with 3% of phenol every day.
• Tohave supervision over segregation of waste in appropriate color bags
according to CDC recommendations
• Knowledge and practice regarding transportation of waste should be
essential.

EXAMPLE: POLICY
GUIDELINES BY WORLD
HEALTH ORGANIZATION
FOR PREVENTION OF
INFECTION

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