Storm Water Drain Network System in Bengaluru

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Storm Water Drain Network system in Bengaluru
Ranganathan.B.A,
Associate professor ,Department of civil Engineering
New Horizon college of Engineering, outer ring road, Marathalli, Bengaluru 560103
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Abstract - Most of the cities in India are undergoing
rapid development in recent decades, and many rural
localities are undergoing transformation to urban hotspots.
These developments have associated land use/land cover
(LULC) change that affects runoffresponsefromcatchments,
which is often evident in the formofincreaseinrunoffpeaks,
volume and velocity in drain network. Often most of the
existing storm water drains are indilapidatedstageowing to
improper maintenance or inadequate design. However, fact
the parameters have certainty due to natural and/or
inherent randomness. There is special need for re-designing
a storm water drain network that can effectively convey the
discharge. The present case study evaluates performance of
an existing drainage network in Bangalore, India, through
reliability analysis by Advance First Order Second Moment
(AFOSM) method. In fact parameters that areconsideredare
roughness coefficient, gradient and conduitdimensions. The
efficiency of the existing system is evaluated considering 3
failure modes. The 1st failure mode considered when the
runoff exceeds capacity of the storm water drain, the 2nd
failure mode occurs when the flow velocity in the storm
water drain exceeds the maximum velocity for erosion
control, and the 3rd failure mode occurs when theminimum
flow velocity is less than the allowable velocity for
deposition control. For runoff generated from catchments of
the area and flow velocity in rain water drains arecalculated
using Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). If the
values are low under the 3 failure modes, thenredesignasto
be done. Keywords: AFOSM, LULC , SWMM.
1. INTRODUCTION
The study further shows that there is a chance of flooding if
the probability of storm event exceeds the estimated limitof
50% (or lower) in any year.
In our country in the early 20th century: lesser houses,
scattered roads and very few commercial hotspots here and
there. In less than a century, things have changed at an
unprecedented rate -- and are still changing. To
accommodatethisincreaseinanthropogenic requirements,a
lot of rural landscapes are becoming ropland, or a tiles of
buildings.
Development that leads to changes in the land cover and
land use patterns of a given area. Land use refers to the
purpose or the utilization of the land by the people and land
cover refers to the habitat type at a given area: forests,
wetlands or urban area, for an example.
The urban revolution is leading to many consequences on
the landscape itself. One such major change in the
manipulation of the storm water drainage system. The
rainwater follows a pathway in the form of streams, reaches
the rivers and eventually the sea. This path is, however,
naturally determined by the elevation of the land, sloping
pattern, substrate type, dimensions of the conduit and other
factors. Alteration of land usage and land cover results in
manipulations of these natural drainage systems that aid in
water reaching the sea.
For examining this network, the duo gathered data on daily
and sub-daily rainfall of different seasons for more than 20
years, and collected information on the substrate type and
land use and land cover for the year 2006. The Storm Water
Management Model (SWMM) to estimate quantity and
velocity of flow in drains. These estimates together with
drain width, depth, slope and roughness related parameters
were analyzed to assess the current drainage network.
The team has opted a for AFOSM (Advanced First Order
Second Moment Method), for considering 3 modes of failure
that could occur to a drainage network. If velocity of flow
exceeds a particular threshold, it could lead to erosion in
drain; on the other hand, if the velocity of flow is lower than
the minimum requirement it could cause silt deposition in
drain, which would alter capacity of drains. The analysis
carried out by the team in all the 34 sub-watersheds has
revealed that most of the drains are prone to all the 3 modes
of failure. They have found out that flowinmostofthedrains
could exceed their design capacity even when the drains
receive flow from rare (extreme) storm events with a return
period of 2years.
Redesigning the storm water drainage system by
considering the failure modes will helpingoodmanagement
of the storm water, thus reducing the flooding in the area. In
order to control erosion and depositions in drains due to
runoff and to re- design the capacityofdrains,theseanalyses
also recommend considering changes to width, slope and
substrate of drains for further analysis in designing the
water drainage system.
Local youth can work towards prevention of encroachment
of lakes bunds, and proper maintaining of drains by
ensuring that they are free from clogging waste materials .

2. Materials and Methods
Root causes of urban floods in India
The first and fore most is the unplanned urbanization has
drastically made the altering of the drainage systems. The
main characteristics of natural nalls or drainage system, by
increasing the volume and rate of surface runoff in huge
quantity.
Drainage systems have failed due to the increase
Volume of water , disposal of solid wastes and other waste
into drainage. Disasters have events of environmental
extremes which are inevitable entities of this living world,
and linked to every component of the ecosystem. Urban
flooding has been declared as a ‘disaster’ only after the
Mumbai flood in 2005. The interaction of flood causes in
urban indicates significance of urban ecologyindisasterrisk
reduction.
The data’s have been collectedandinterpretedinthecontext
of flood risks and urban management. It shows widerissues
and many lessons for flood challenges in our country cities
and towns.
Bengalure mean annual rainfall isabout880mmwithabout
60 wet rainy days a year. Bengalure is known as the ‘IT hub’
of India due to the presence of several software companies.
Bengalure is the 5th largest city of India with population of
about 8.52 million and 6.2million vehicle, located around
130 km from the Caveri River. There has been a growth of
nearly 150% in urban areas of Greater Bangalore across 37
years (1973–2015). Encroachment of green lands, flood
plains, etc. is causing obstruction to floodwater and loss of
natural flood storage in Bengalure.
The Bengalure water supply & Sewage Board has installed
capacity of the wastewater treatment system (450 MLD) as
against the estimated generation of domestic water (700
MLD) is evident.
Bengalure has been identified 134 flood-prone areas (Table
1). The City Corporation has identified these areas after a
survey of critical locations which are prone to recurrent
flooding. However, some areas in the city face the brunt of
the rains more than the others and are more prone to
flooding.
Table-1
Top five flood-prone areas identified in Bengalure city
Ejipura/Koramangala : National GamesVillagearea
BTM Layout : I and II stage area
Shankarappa Garden : Magadi Road area
Brindavan Nagar: Mathikere area
Ambedkar College : Airport road area
In the year 2005, flooding was worst by unauthorized
developments took place around&alonglakes.Thedrainage
path was choked and led to residential
areas, and traffic was severely affected.
Thousands of Bangalureouns were stranded on the
waterlogged roads. School and colleges were declared
holidays and several residential apartment complexes were
flooded with Water, water also entered office buildings,
including India’s third largest software exporter, WIPRO.
The flood created hundreds of families homeless and
various health problems and environmental challenges.
Built-up area (16% in 2000) has now increased to 23–24%
in the metropolitan area There are 542 slums located in the
jurisdiction of Karnataka Slum Clearance Board (218) and
Greater Bangalore City Corporation (324), out of which 310
are undeclared settlements.
As per record (Table 2) decline of wetlands from 51 in 1973
(321 ha) to merely 17 (87 ha)
in 2007. The number of water bodies reduced from 159 to
93.Most of the lakes in the city have been covered with
urban infrastructure. As a result, in the heart of the city only
17 good lakes exist as against 51 healthy lakes in 1985.
Bengalure city has nearly 180 km long primary and
secondary storm-water drainage system,whichoftenfailsto
take the load of the rains due to silt and block by garbage.An
amount Rs 45 million was been made for the flood-
management fund with 12 squads on call, of which six are
rain and flood relief squads; 20 personnel have been
assigned in each squad. The Jawaharlal Nehru Urban
Renewal Mission (JNURM) project was launched in
December 2005 and Bengalure has been allocated a budget
for the next six years
3. Result

Slums and high-density poor settlements
Loss of water bodies
Bangalore city Greater Bangalore
Year No. of
water
bodies
Area
(ha)
No. of
water
bodies
Area
(ha)
SOI 58 406 207 2342
1973 51 321 159 2003
1992 38 207 147 1582
2002 25 135
107
1083
2007 17 87 93 918
SOI, Survey of India, topographic maps (published in
1973);
DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Urban flooding is significantly different from flooding in
rural areas as urbanization results in impermeable
catchments causing flood peaks by up to 3 times
flooding occurs quickly due to faster flow rate
(in a matter of minutes). As a result to discuss the
growing flood menace
The flood of 2005 was a disaster as it receded only after
7weeks and affected 20 million people.
It destroyed more than 14,000 homes, and damaged more
than 350,000; about 200,000 people had to stay in relief
camps. The agricultural sector was heavily hit as 20,000 ha
of farmland lost the topsoil and 550,000 ha of crop was
damaged. Unprecedented
rainfall in one day was certainly one major
cause of the floods;
The dam-water release or failure, inadequate drainage
systems,blockade, housing in floodplains and natural
drainage or riverbed and loss of natural flood-storagessites.
It demonstrated on how unplanned, rapid urban
development has stretched the natural ecosystems in and
around a city to its limits, and made disaster from natural
flood
Flood impacts and risk assessment
Given the high spatial concentration of people and values
In the cities, even small-scale floods may lead to
considerable damage.
In extreme cases urban floods can result indisastersthatset
back urban development by years or
even decades. Velocity is also a major factor in determining
REFERENCES
1. Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics (2002).
Greenhouse policy options for transport, Report No.
105, Canberra, Bureau of Transport and Regional
Economics
2. Transport and climate change- A Review, Journal of
Transport Geography, Volume 15,
Issue 5, September 2007, pp. 354-367.
3. Hanbali, R.M., Kuemmel, D.A. (1993)”Traffic volume
reductions due to winter storm conditions,
Transportation Research Record, 1387
4 . Sharma, C., Pundir, R., (2008):Inventory of green
house gases and other pollutants from the transport
sector:
Delhi,. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health
Science Engineering
5. Harish .M “ A Study on Air Pollution by Automobile in
Bangalore “Management Research & practice
Vol4,Sept 2012
BIOGRAPHIES
Prof. Ranganathan.B.A.
Associate Professor –Dept of
civil Engg
(Former Site –Manager-BEC-
Oman, Chief-Manager –Federal
Moghal Ltd, Head-ECC-Cipla
Ltd)

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