ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

The EIA Directive The EIA Directive requires projects likely to have significant effects on the environment ‘ project’ means: - the execution of construction works or of other installations or schemes, - other interventions in the natural surroundings and landscape including those involving the extraction of mineral resources. See the European Commission’s web pages on environmental assessment at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/eia/home.htm

Projects subject to EIA Project listed in ANNEX I Mandatory EIA Project listed in ANNEX II “ Screening” By competent authoroties to decide if EIA needed or not

Crude-oil refineries gasification and liquefaction Thermal power stations installations for the production and conversion of fissionable and fertile materials Installations for the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuel . Integrated works for the initial smelting of cast-iron and steel; Installations for the extraction of asbestos Integrated chemical installations , Construction of lines for long-distance railway traffic and of airports Inland waterways and ports for inland-waterway traffic Waste disposal installations for the incineration , chemical treatment Groundwater abstraction or artificialgroundwater recharge schemes Works for the transfer of water resources Waste water treatment plants Extraction of petroleum and naturalgas for commercial purposes Dams and other installations designed for the holding back or permanent storage of water Pipelines for the transport of gas,oil or chemicals Installations for the intensive rearing of poultry or pigs Industrial plants for the production of pulp, or paper and board Quarries and open-cast mining Construction of overhead electrical power lines Installations for storage of petroleum, petrochemical, or chemical products Any change to or extension of projects listed in this Annex where such a change or extension in itself meets the thresholds, if any, set out in this Annex. Project categories listed in Annex I

Agriculture, silviculture and aquaculture Extractive industry Energy industry Production and processing of metals Mineral industry Chemical industry (Projects not included in Annex I) Food industry Textile,leather,wood and paper industries Rubber industry Infrastructure projects Tourism and leisure Any change or extension of projects listed in Annex I or Annex II, already authorized, executed or in the process of being executed, which may have significant adverse effects on the environment Project macro-categories listed in Annex II

For more information on BREFs and updated versions, see http://www.eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm. EIA project categories contained in adopted BREFs

The EIA phases Screening (does the project require EIA?) Baseline studies (establish the environmental baseline) Alternatives (consider the different approaches) Mitigation (what can be done to alleviate negative impacts?) EIS preparation/review (document the EIA findings) Public consultation (consult general public and NGOs) Monitoring (monitor impacts of project) Impact prediction (forecast the environmental impacts) Impact assessment (interpreting the impacts)

EIA approval procedure By interested Public Administrations By anyone interested Private or public project developer Project subject to EIA Submission of EIA application Screening Preliminary phase Publication to inform about submission of EIA application Date of the last publication Presentation to the public Presentation of comments Presentation of opinions Eventual request of integration Within 90 days Within 60 days Within 20 days Within 120 days Within 60 days Within 60 days Within 150 days Decision of the EIA Commission

EIA Commission The EIA Commission is made up of: The director of the regional EIA Office The general director of the regional Environmental Agency (ARPAV) The director of provincial Department of the Environmental Agency The director of the provincial Environment Office of the Environmental Agency 9 experts in the following fields: EXPERTISE IN EIA COMMISSION Environmental analysis Urban, territorial and landscape planning Protection of biological species and of biodiversity Protection of soil Containment of contaminants Risk analysis for industrial accidents Acoustic emissions Cultural heritage Human health Protection of agronomic and forest structure

EIA Methodology Step 0 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6

Frameworks of the Environment Impact Statement Programmatic framework Verification of coherence between the project being evaluated and the contents of priority plans or programmes Project framework Description of the alternatives and of the final project solution Environmental framework Description of the current conditions of the environment and assessment of no development conditions and of conditions with development

Table of contents of the ES (1) Urban Plan Provincial Territorial Plan (bonds) CHAPTERS Presentation of the project 1.1 General characteristics of the project 1.2 Description of the territorial and infrastructural context 1.3 Interdisciplinary working group 2. Programmatic framework 2.1 Territorial and urban plans (local, provincial and regional) 2.2 Environmental and sectorial plans 2.3 Coherence relationship of the project with the plans’ objectives 3. Project framework 3.1 Current status of the area 3.2 Analysis of the alternatives 3.3 Description of the project solution 3.3.1 Construction phase 3.3.2 Operational phase 3.3.3 Closure phase 3.3.4 Benefit-cost analysis

Table of contents of the ES (2) Average precipitation Rete Natura 2000 4. Environmental framework 4.1 Analysis of the current status of the environmental matrixes 4.2 Assessment of potential impacts 4.3 Mitigation measures 5. Conclusions Technical Annexes Assessment of the effects on Rete Natura 2000 sites Prevision of acoustic emission Prevision of air contaminants emissions Prevision of odour emissions Analysis of the road capacity and calculation of generated traffic Assessment of the impact on the landscape … ..

Content of EIA Analysis The EIA should identify , describe and assess the direct and indirect effects of a project on the following factors: human beings, fauna and flora soil, water, air, climate and the landscape material assets and cultural heritage the interaction between the above factors

Assessment of potential impacts ANNEX III , pt. 3 - Characteristics of the potential impact The potential significant effects of projects must be considered in relation to criteria […], and having regard in particular to: - the extent of the impact (geographical area and size of the affected population), - the transfrontier nature of the impact, - the magnitude and complexity of the impact, - the probability of the impact, - the duration, frequency and reversibility of the impact. In accordance with the requirements of EIA Directive 85/337/EC as amended by Directive 97/11/EC

EIA Methodology Magnitude criterion (M) [1-5] linked to: - extent - harmfulness - duration - economic aspects Frequency criterion (F) [1-5] Detection criterion (D) [1-5] EF = M x F x D for each process phase Environmental Factor Types of impact 1≤EF≤8 Non significant 9≤EF≤27 Slightly significant EF≥28 Significant

Projects Wind power plant Biomass plant (vegetable oil) Location: Municipality of Buseto Palizzolo (TP) Power : 30 MW Energy : 90.027 MWh/year Net energia : 79.707 MWh/year Procedures :EIA, Assessement on Rete Natura 2000 Location : Municipality of Staranzano (GO) Power : 55 MWe Energy : 438.132 MWh/year Net energy : 419.749 MWh/year Procedures : EIA, IPPC, Assessment on Rete Natura 2000 48.948 t/a CO 2 avoided 257.726 t/a CO 2 avoided

Projects AD plant from waste AD plant from animal manure and agricultural biomass Location: Municipality of Maniago (PN) Power : 2.440 kWe Electric energy : 18.500 MWh/year Procedures : EIA, Assessment on Rete Natura 2000 Location : Municipality of San Benedetto Po (MN) Power : 1.750 kWe Electric energy : 13.400 MWh/year Procedures : Assessment on Rete Natura 2000 11.188 t/a CO 2 avoided

Projects Biomass plant (from wood) Hydroelectric plant Location : Municipality of Castellavazzo (BL) Power : 4,7 MWe Electric energy : 34.000 MWh/year Procedures : Regional authorisation – Assessment for Rete Natura 2000 Location : Municipality of Piancogno (BS) Power: 2147,23 kW Procedures : EIA Screening, Assessment for Rete Natura 2000

Enviromemtal Impact Assessment Traffico Public opinion Waste production Energy and water consumption Endangered species Noise Landscape Air emissions Traffic Land use

Project of an integrated composting - AD plant Total annual capacity 280.000 t/year Treatment of biowaste from separate collection and organic special waste 25% green waste 75% biowaste and agro-industrial sludges ENERGY PRODUCTION Electric energy production: 18,5 GWh/year 10 GWh/year for internal consumption 8,5 GWh/year sold Project area

Project of an integrated composting - AD plant Composting building Wastewater treatment plant Biodigesters e post-digesters Gasometer Cogeneration plant Biofilter Biocells

PROTECTED AREAS Programmatic framework Areas of priority environmental interest Administrative limits Hydrogeological constraint International Bird Area Rete Natura 2000 - SIC

PROCESS SCHEME FOR COMPOSTING PROCESS SCHEME FOR AD GASOMETER BIODIGESTERS Project framework

ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS RECEPTORS Rc1 : Building (700 m) Rc2 : House (1000 m) Environmental framework

VERIFICATION OF RESPECT OF IMMISSION LIMITS AT THE RECEPTORS ACOUSTIC SOURCES Environmental framework ACUSTIC EMISSIONS Propagazione sonora DIURNO Propagazione sonora NOTTURNO

TRAFFIC Impianto Environmental framework

REPRESENTATION OF TRAFFIC FLUXES GENERATED BY THE PLANT Environmental framework

VEHICLE FLUXES (current+future) ANALYSIS OF THE INTERSECTIONS Environmental framework

ODOUR EMISSIONS Application of a model CALPUFF Respect of the accettable level (3 OU/m 3 ) Sensible receptors < 1 OU/m 3 In urban centres < 0,5 OU/m 3 SOURCE: biofilters Environmental framework

POINT EMISSIONS (COGENERATORS) Application of a model ISC3 Contaminants PM 10 , CO, NO x , SO 2 SOURCE: exhaust chimney of the engines (internal combustion) Introduzione Quadro di riferimento programmatico Quadro di riferimento progettuale Stima degli impatti Misure di mitigazione

Mitigations “ Improvement” according to Best Available Techniques International: Best REFerence documents (BREF) National guidelines Technical mitigation measures Mitigazione by vegetation

Mitigation by vegetation Bagolaro Carpino bianco Macchia arborea

The recovery of municipal waste to produce energy and heat Gabriella Chiellino – CEO eAmbiente Srl an example of integrated planning made in Italy

Priorities in waste management Directive 2006/12/EC introduced some key concepts such as: minimisation, recovery and disposal WASTE HIERARCHY Directive 2008/98/EC A revision of previous Directive 2006/12/EC in order to clarify key concepts and to strengthen the measures that must be taken in regard to waste prevention, to introduce a new approach: To take into account the whole life-cycle of products and materials and not only the waste phase To focus on reducing the environmental impacts of waste generation and waste management, thereby strengthening the economic value of waste, in order to conserve natural resources.

Who is S.E.S.A.? Since 1995 technological partner of the City of Este (PD) Municipal Solid Waste collection and transportation Non-hazardous municipal solid waste disposal and management system Composting plant management Selection plant management Purification and wastewater treatment Service

The separated waste collection S.E.S.A.’s integrated waste treatment and recovery starts with a separated waste collection Through this separated waste collection the population is encouraged to: Recycle paper, tin, glass, plastic Use compostable garbage bags Recover organic matter  Compost Produce energy (electric and thermal) from solid waste and from organic waste

S.E.S.A. plant: integrated waste management Landfill Composting plant (organic waste) Selection plant Anaerobic digestion Composting plant (municipal solid and special waste)

Good practices in action Best Available Techniques implemented to improve SESA output National Waste management Guidelines, 2007 Adoption of management procedures: Waste management Water management Monitoring program olfactometric Certification

December 2004 ISO 9001 December 2006 OHSAS 18001 November 2002 ISO 14001 July 2009 EMAS July 2006 ISO 17025 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFICATION QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFICATION INTERNAL LABORATORY ACCREDITATION SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFICATION VOLUNTARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFICATION S.E.S.A. certifications

WASTE RECOVERY Organic Fraction of Municipal solid waste (OFMSW) Collection and transport Heat production Biogas burning Composting Compost Biodigestion Electricity production

HEAT PRODUCTION RECOVERY Heat production DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK Hospital Private users Schools USERS

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS 1 MWyear of electric energy produced equals : CO 2 carbon dioxide : 604,5 ton/year SO 2 sulphur dioxide : 1,35 ton/year NO 2 nitrogen dioxide : 1,82 ton/year Dust: 23,95 kg/year Avoided emissions: Fossil fuel saved: 216,2 TEP/year

Biodigestors with 7.000 m 3 capacity ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

5 cogeneration engines Total thermal power = 3,79 MWt Total electric power = 3,90 MWe COGENERATION SYSTEM

… heat recovery from exhaust fumes … COGENERATION SYSTEM

… using biogas produced by waste management A network which provides heat to public and private users… DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK

DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK Realization phases of the heating network along existing roads… … without consuming green land

USERS CONNECTED USERS kW Users in the City of Ospedaletto Euganeo City Hall 150 “ Parini” School 400 Sport center 35 “ G.B.Ferrari” School 385 Library 200 Euganea Bank 1 100 Euganea Bank 2 200 “ GARDEN” Restaurant 120 Santinato Tiziano 35 Users in the City of Este Manfredini – Centrale SE 500 Manfredini – Centrale NO 700 Civil Hospital 3.500 TOTAL 6.325

Prof. Gabriella Chiellino Work e-mail : [email_address] Address: Parco Tecnologico e Scientifico VEGA-edificio Auriga Via delle Industrie 9– 30175 Marghera VENEZIA Italy www.eambiente.it Thank you for your kind attention

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)