Strategies and Options For Making India Zero Waste Water-26-2-24.pptx

© Confederation of Indian Industry
Strategies and Options for
Making India Zero Water
Waste
Jit Kumar Gupta
Former Chair, Chandigarh Chapter, Indian Green Building Council

Water-
Relevance for
Human Living

Water- Relevance for Human Living
 Water-- most valuable gift of nature - Elixir of life,
 Water- essential for human living
 Water-- basis of human health &well-being, energy &
food production, healthy ecosystems, climate adaptation, gender equality.
 Water- fundamental to everyone’s health, dignity, prosperity
 Water-- vital for human living, food , processing, manufacturing
 Average human body- 50-65% water; birth 75-85%
 Without water- cities/human beings/flora/fauna- cease to exist.
 Water– known to make people-- happy, healthy, more productive.
 Water-- determinant of quality of life.
 Water –at core of sustainable/ socio-economic development
 Water ecosystems--reduces disease - improves health -productivity
 Water-vital link between climate -human society/ environment
 Access --to safe water, sanitation/ hygiene - human right basic

Water- Relevance for Human Living
 poor quality of water -Cause for pandemics/ disease
 Water misused/abused, traded as commodity
 - Water covering 75% area of planet
 - only 3% of Earth’s water freshwater-- only 0.4% is available for
drinking.
 – potable water for human consumption --major issue -- fast
emerging global threat / challenge
 Water use increasing globally @ about 1% per year since 1980s
 Last 70 years- population X 3 but -water demand x6 times
 900-1100 million-- lack clean water for drinking
 Over 2 billion people-- experiencing high water stress,2.4 billion --
lack basic sanitation; 5 out of 8 billion- to be severely
water stressed by 2025
 Managing Water most essential
 Save Water- Save Money ; Save Water- Save Energy
 Save water – Save life ;Save water – Save Nature

Water-Global
Context

The World’s Water

Saltwater
97.5%
Freshwater
2.5%
Total Surface Freshwater : 0.4%
Where is the freshwater?
World’s Freshwater
World’s Water
Groundwater
30.1%
Surfacewater
0.4%
Glaciers
69.5%
Salt Water
97.5%
Fresh Water
2.5%

Water-Indian
Context

Water – Indian Context
 Water – Finite Resource/ Irreplaceable
 Water- Renewable -- only when well managed
 India-- With just 4% of freshwater
 India supports–
 --one-sixth global population-17.5%- 141 crores
 --Largest animal population globally - 535.78 million
 Water-- vital for; -- living, working, food, agriculture,
urbanization, construction, industrialization, trade-
commerce, healthcare/ education, flora and fauna
 25% Indians - remain without access to safe drinking
water
 21% diseases --due to poor quality of water
 Over 3 lakh children--under 5 years, die annually- due to
diarrhea

Water--Indian Context
 17.5 % Worlds Population;
 4% water Resources
 535.78 million livestock
 Water Scenario
 12 Major Rivers
 4,000 BCM of water ; 1,123 BCM utilizable
 690 BCM surface water
 433 BCM Ground water
 Glaciers
 34,919 Glaciers
 75,779 sq. km glaciated area
 Coastal ecosystems
 Coastline: 7500 km
 35% of population live within 100 kms of coasts

Water –Indian Context
 India uses –-- 70% freshwater – for agriculture-
 For drinking
 - rural India uses 90% ground water -- urban India– 50%
 India -largest user of ground water
 -- drawing - 1/4 of global groundwater.
 -- China-- draws half of ground water-- compared to India.
 More than half of India’s cultivated land -under water-
intensive crops--rice, paddy, sugarcane etc.
 Indian agriculture –--- highly water inefficient,
 -- consuming twice water-
 - for producing same quantity of food/ cereals - other
countries.
 India ranks 120/122 countries in water quality index
 -- 100 million Indians consume drinking water with
excessive fluoride

 Women- major victim of water stress
 Women-spend 150 million workdays/ year-- for
fetching/ carrying water-- causing loss of Rs. 10
billion economic terms.
 -- 60% districts declared water critical
 -- 70% water remaining contaminated
 -- 2030 Water Resources Group estimates
 - at current consumption rate,
 -India-- will have only half of water needed by 2030.
 -- More than half of India’s cultivated land
 -under water- intensive crops--rice, paddy, sugarcane
 NITI Ayog estimates;
 –- likely loss of 6% in national GDP
 -- from severe water scarcity India likely to face
 - 10 Largest cities - face acute water stress --
including Delhi/Bangaluru




Problems- water

Polluting WaterResource

Water-Indian
Context- Issues

Water-Issues
 Large Consumption-- Rapid/ massive increase of human
count / animals.
 Massive Urbanization– industrialization/ globalization
 Ever Widening Gap --between demand/supply-
 --Increased water demand-decrease in water supply.
 Increased Water demand - 35 fold during three centuries
 Mismanagement- of water resources
 Global warming, climate change/repeated- floods, droughts
/natural disasters.
 Lack of awareness -about rational, efficient, economical
usage of water
 Large scale pollution-- of fresh water resources
 Rapid growth of-- water based sanitary systems, water
intensive fixtures .

Water-Issues
 Irrational Cropping pattern- water intensive crops
 Poor Water Management- Absence of waste water
management/ rainwater resource—
 Increased Water Pollution
 Old Water infrastructure development
 Irrational/ unrealistic-- pricing of fresh water.
 Inefficient/outdated technologies/ management of
 -- poor water sourcing ,--water delivery
 -large leakage, theft, wastage / unaccounted water.
 Focus on water supply- not on water management.
 Lack of accountability/transparency- consumption
 Irrational water norms/standards
 Inequal access to safe drinking water/ sanitation

Water-
Management

How Water can be
made available to
all- Nobody is left
without water

Why Conserve/Manage Water?
 Optimization of Finite Resource-The water source is finite;
 Promoting Equity--Water not equitably distributed
 Saving Energy--Water use impact-- energy required water
supply/hot water Conserving water saves money.
 Preventing Greenhouse gases-associated with treating / distributing water.
 Avoiding Overloading- municipal sewer systems
 Avoiding untreated sewage-- to flow to lakes / rivers.
 Preventing polluting - water in lakes/ rivers, / watersheds.
 Minimising waste water ,-- smaller network
 - Reduced cost of network
 Smaller sewerage– to be treated- less recurring life-cycle cost, less area, less
pollution, lesser discharge , lesser energy consumption
 Extend life of septic system-- by reducing soil saturation

Water Management
 Critical issue of water consumption
 - Water under threat- despite being central to life,
 -- demand on supplying aquifer/sources-
exceeding its ability to replenish itself
 Key objectives of water sustainability-
 i. Promote management, protection / restoration of
freshwater ecosystems
 ii. Improve- Water Quality
 iii. Optimise Consumption- Increase water
Efficiency- Reduce wastage
 iv Promote Equity-No body to left behind

SDG -6- Clean Water/Sanitation

Strategies for
Water Management

Managing Water-Physical Planning
 - Adopting Regional Planning approach-- for sourcing,
consumption/ conserving water for urban /rural India.
 Linking/integrating all human settlements-- with adjoining
peri-urban/ agricultural land, for meeting water demand for
urban /rural
 Making water conservation/ waste water management --
integral part of urban planning process
 Making cities Spongy -- promoting porosity/ open spaces
 -Planning cities/large complexes --making water
efficient/zero waste water
 Rationalizing landscaping --focus on minimizing use of
fresh water.
 --Using landscaping/ flora and fauna-- minimizing water
consumption.--Using local/native trees-

Managing Water-Physical Planning
 Promoting Retaining rather than Draining water
 -Linking all open spaces -with rain water harvesting .
 Identifying/Preserving/protecting/promoting/augmenting--
all existing water resources/draining systems .
 Identifying /promoting/protecting all existing areas-- of bio-
diversity
 Using all existing low-lying areas-- for creating manmade
water bodies/ lakes/ponds for storing water
 Preserving/ collecting/sourcing rain water;- for promoting
ground water recharging;
 Adopting Integrated approach- to rain water harvesting
 Creating more open spces in the city
 Identifying/preserving– all existing water resource

Managing Water- Management
 Making construction sector water- efficient- consuming
1/6th of global water
 Going for off-site construction/ modular construction
 Decentralizing - waste water collection/recycling at
community/neighborhood level
 Mandating all industries-- to be zero-waste water,
 - defining standards /norms for water consumption ,
 Making all Group Housing Societies/healthcare---- zero
water waste by incentivizing
 Eliminating single use -promoting multiple use of water-
at all levels of water consumption.
 Making rainwater harvesting-- integral part of building
construction/ building operation processes..
 Protecting fresh water resources /defining protected
green belts around them
 Producing water efficient- plumbing system/fixtures

Making Cities Spongy

Chandigarh Master Plan- Le Corbusier

Green Rotaries- Chandigarh

Greening Cities

Greening Cities –
Available open space/person in India-2.7 sqm
Number of available trees/ person- Canada- 10,163
Number of available trees-India- very low– 28- global
average of 422 trees/person
- Create network of interconnected Green parks/ spaces
- 7 Trees / person
-Providing Green Space@ 9 Sqm/ pers
- Compensating all hard surfaces with greens within
buildings roofs/walls
-Greening Roofs/terraces/ Walls
-Preserving all natural areas
-Preserving water channels/ features/ Bio- Diversity
-Protecting existing flora/fauna
-Creating City Forests
- using derelict areas for greening
- Greening all low lying areas
- Declaring all existing trees as protected tree- Chandigarh
-Using local trees

Open Spaces

Global- Tree Count

Today Curitiba boasts > 50 sq metres of green space per person. Buenos Aires’s
two sq meters / person

Central Park New York- 700 Acs Vaux and Olmsted'

Creating City Forests

Managing Water- Agriculture
 Preserving, promoting /creating -- old and new source of
Water
 Making agriculture-- zero ground water dependent
 Using treated Urban Waste water- for agriculture– -using
household waste water for meeting irrigation needs of
agriculture
 Changing cropping pattern-- from water-intensive
commercial crops to water-efficient cropping pattern
 Incentivizing-- water efficient cropping pattern .
 Promoting Water efficiency--Using irrigation/drip
irrigation
 Promoting efficient flood management-- to save water,
save land, save crops for effective utilization during water
deficit period.

Strategies for Water
Management in Built
Environment

Approach
Reduce
Recycle/
Reuse
Recharge Refuse

4 R’s – Approach
 Recharge
 Rainwater harvesting
 Reduce
 Low flow fixtures
 Reuse
 Use of treated Waste water
 Promote multiple use of
water
 Refuse- Use water only
when necessary

Promoting Water Efficiency
 Adopt Strategies for –
 -- Slow the flow
 -- breaking water
 --Conserving water
 -- Sourcing RW Harvesting
 --Promoting Ground water charging
 -- Promoting multiple use of water
 Design for dual plumbing—
 -- using recycled water for toilet flushing
 -using rainwater/ non-potable water for site
irrigation.
 Minimize wastewater
 -- using ultra low-flush toilets,
 -- using low-flow shower heads
 -using water conserving fixtures.

Optimization of
water demand
Use of water
efficient systems
Use of recycled
water and
rainwater
harvesting
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
Least
cost
impact
Cost effective strategy for water efficiency

Water Management in
Built Environment-
Technologies-
Prefabrication

BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF RESOURCES
•Built environment impact environment / consumption of resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal Solid Waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of residents having sick building syndrome
( Roodman and Lenssen, 1995)
•70% global warming--outcome of buildings / transportation
•Existing buildings--low concern for energy/water conservation.
•Considering annual addition of- 700-900msqmts-
•-- energy/water/ environment implications will be critical.
•Buildings need to be;
•- designed /constructed / operated /maintained
•--with utmost care /considerations for
•-- water/ energy/ sustainability/resources

Defining- Green Buildings

Benefits of Green Buildings

Impact of Buildings- minimizing
Building Footprints

Opting-Pre- fabrication/
 Makes Construction sector water
efficient

Punjab/Haryana Legislative Assembly Building- Chandigarh

High Court- Chandigarh

Singapore, seven /50-story housing
connected by 1,600-foot “sky garden.”
Singapore, seven 50-story housing towers connected by 1,600-foot-
recreational “sky garden.”
--

Making Buildings Green

Greening Roof

Phytoremediation

WATER STUPAS- LEH

Singapore New Water

Conserving Water-- Saving Water from
Evaporation

Conclusions

Saving Water
 India Holds 4% global water-support 17.5% of population with largest
live stock in -world. India remains -- most land/water stressed country
 Protection, management restoration of freshwater ecosystems - fundamental to combat
triple planetary crises - biodiversity loss, pollution and climate change.
 Water - valued, conserved, preserved, protected-- quality / quantity
 Declaring Water-- as a National Resource-Central List
 Framing National/State Policy --on Water Management
 Declaring Universal access to Potable Water- Basic Human Right
 Integrating Water Management – with Urban/Rural Planning Process
 Promoting-- Slow the flow
 Breaking water—--Mixing water & air to reduce consumption.
 Graduating --from single use to multiple use of water-
 Do more- with less water
 Promoting using urban waste water- for agriculture/ irrigation
 Making Construction sector water Efficient-- promoting off site
construction-- instead on-site construction- prefabrication
 Incentivising water efficient construction technologies /building
materials—
 Promoting --zero waste water buildings
 Promoting rain water harvesting at community level
.

Saving Water
 Planning water efficient landscaping- Using local trees with
minimum green grass
 Mandating institutions/GH societies - zero waste water
 Redefining sanitation system- non-water based
 Replicating Chandigarh experiment- creating artificial lakes -
water recharging / rain water harvesting
 Creating water bodies in cities-integral part of city planning/
development process
 Identifying/Preserving all existing-- water bodies / water
channels
 Making bio-diversity integral part of city planning / development
process
 Incentivising buildings using rain water for construction
 Defining water norms for- different industries / mandating zero
water discharge.
 Labelling all plumbing fixtures based on water efficient norms-
WC /urinals/ faucets etc
.

Managing Water- Technology
 Using state of art technologies for treating / managing/ waste water
 Using Phyto-remediation -- instead of STP for treating sullage water at
local/society level
 Promoting Efficient- Water Management-- minimizing wastage/ theft/
leakage/ unauthorized use.
 Creating intelligent system of water management at city/local level .
 Treating waste water for reuse as fresh water.
 Creating water Stupas in Cold regions- for use during warm/hot
period
 Minimizing Evaporation loss-- in hot regions- by shading/ covering /
installing solar panels on sources of water.
 Promoting Technology- For Water Management-sourcing/
supply/distribution/quality/leakage/misuse/consumption/abuse Using-
and mapping available sources of water
 Creating Awareness- role /Importance of water
 Involving --Communities / all stakeholders

Saving Water
 If human are the cause of problem– we humans can
only provide solution
 If we can cut back on amount of water we use every
day, we’ll be doing planet a big favor.
 Using water efficiently help-- preserve the environment,
 -minimize impact of droughts,
 - take some pressure off public water supply.
 also keeping some money in your pocket- by reducing
utility costs.
 Saving water requires small lifestyle changes—changing
few small habit - help making world a better place,
Adopt a River-/Water Body-A Rotary International &UNEP partnership
 -- for Sustainable Development
 - locally focused,
 - for restoring/sustaining freshwater ecosystems
 -- to assist/ promote sustainable development of communities.
.

www.igbc.in
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