Sumit Samariya IT presentation EV PPT..pptx

Sumit Samariya IT presentation EV PPT..pptx

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  1 Department Of ElectricalEngineering Arya College Of Engineering Rajasthan Technical University , Kota , Rajasthan A Industrial Training Presentation On ELECTRIC VEHICLE Submitted In Partial Fulfillment For The Award Of The Degree Of Bachelor Of Technology In Electrical Engineering SUBMITTED TO: MR. CHIRAG ARORA HOD (EE) SUBMITTED BY: Sumit Samariya 21EAIEE023 7TH SEM EE
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  2 CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION • VEHICLEFUNDAMENTALS • VEHICLE FORCES • TYPES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE • ELECTRIC MOTORS USED IN EV • BATTERY FUNDAMENTALS • SELECTION AND SIZING OF BATTERY • BMS FUNDAMENTALS • CONGRATULATIONS • REFERENCE
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  3 INTRODUCTION • Electric Vehicles(EVs) are vehicles powered by electric motors instead of internal combustion engines. They are typically charged by plugging into an electrical outlet. • EVs offer benefits like reduced emissions, lower operating costs, and instant torque. However, challenges include range anxiety, charging infrastructure, and battery costs.
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  4 VEHICLE FUNDAMENTALS Here arethe fundamental components of an EV: • Battery Pack: This is the heart of an EV, storing electrical energy. It's made up of individual battery cells, often lithium-ion cells due to their high energy density and long lifespan.
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  5 • Electric Motor:This converts electrical energy from the battery into mechanical energy to drive the wheels. Evs can use various types of motors . • Control System: This manages the overall operation of the EV, including motor control, battery management and vehicle dynamics.
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  6 • Power Electronics:This system manages the flow of electricity between the battery and the motor. It includes components like inverters and DC-to-DC converters, which control the voltage and current to optimize efficiency and performance. • Charging System: This allows the EV to recharge its battery. EVs can be charged using various methods, including: Level 1 charging: Using a standard household outlet(110V-120V) Level 2 charging: Using a dedicated charging station (240V) Level 3 charging: Using a fast-charging station (DC fast charging) • Electric Drive Train: This system connects the motor to the wheels, typically through a single-speed transmission or a gear reduction unit.
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  7 • Onboard Charger: This is a component that converts alternating current (AC) from the charging station into direct current (DC) for the battery. • Safety Features : EVs have various safety features, such as airbags, anti-lock brakes, and electronic stability control, similar to traditional vehicles.
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  8 VEHICLE FORCES Following arethe forces act on vehicle : • Aerodynamic force : Aerodynamic forces arise from the interaction between a vehicle's surface and the surrounding air. These forces are primarily determined by the vehicle's shape, orientation, and speed relative to the air. • Gravitational force : It is the force that attracts objects towards the Earth's center. This force is responsible for the weight of the vehicle, which in turn affects its rolling resistance and overall performance.
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  9 TYPE OF ELECTRICVEHICLE Electric vehicles are majorly categorize into four types : 1. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV): A battery electric vehicle (BEV) is a type of electric vehicle that uses a rechargeable battery as its primary energy source.BEVs are powered by a pack of lithium-ion batteries, which store electrical energy. When the driver presses the accelerator, the battery sends electricity to an electric motor that drives the wheels.
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  10 2. Hybrid ElectricVehicle : A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of vehicle that combines a traditional gasoline engine with an electric motor. This combination allows for improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to vehicles powered solely by gasoline.
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  11 3. Plug-in hybridelectric vehicle (PHEV) : It is a type of hybrid vehicle that can be plugged into an electrical outlet to recharge its battery. This allows for a longer electric-only range compared to traditional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).PHEVs typically have a larger battery pack than HEVs, enabling them to travel a greater distance on electric power alone.
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  12 • Fuel CellElectric Vehicle : A fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is a type of electric vehicle that uses a fuel cell to generate electricity to power its electric motor. Unlike battery electric vehicles (BEVs) that store electricity in a battery, FCEVs produce electricity on-board by combining hydrogen and oxygen.
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  13 ELECTRIC MOTORS USEDIN EV Here are the main types of motors used in electric vehicles (EVs): • Induction Motors: These are the most common type of motor used in EVs due to their simplicity, reliability, and lower cost. They work by creating a magnetic field that interacts with the rotor, causing it to rotate. • Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs): These motors use permanent magnets in the rotor, which provides a constant magnetic field. PMSMs are known for their high efficiency and torque density. • Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs): These motors use variable reluctance to produce torque. SRMs are generally less efficient than induction or PMSM motors, but they can be more robust and less expensive.
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  14 BATTERY FUNDAMENTALS A batteryis a device that stores chemical energy and releases it as electrical energy when needed. It's essentially a collection of electrochemical cells connected together. • Electrodes: Batteries have two main electrodes: the anode (negative terminal) and the cathode (positive terminal). • Electrolyte: The electrolyte is a substance (liquid, solid, or gel) that allows the movement of ions between the electrodes. • Chemical Reaction: When a battery is connected to a circuit, a chemical reaction occurs between the electrodes and the electrolyte. This reaction produces electrons that flow through the circuit, creating an electric current.
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  15 SELECTION AND SIZINGOF BATTERY The selection and sizing of batteries in EVs is a critical factor in determining the vehicle's range, performance, and cost. Several key considerations influence these decisions : 1. Battery Chemistry 2. Battery Capacity (kWh) 3. Charging Speed 4. Battery Management System(BMS) 5. Vehicle type and usage 6. Cost and Availability
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  16 Sizing Considerations: • EnergyConsumption: Estimate the vehicle's energy consumption based on factors like weight, aerodynamics, and driving conditions. • Target Range: Determine the desired driving range on a single charge. • Charging Infrastructure: Consider the availability of charging stations and the desired charging time. • Battery Weight and Volume: Ensure the battery fits within the vehicle's design constraints and doesn't significantly impact performance.
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  17 BMS FUNDAMENTALS • Abattery management system (BMS) is crucial for monitoring and managing the battery's performance. It tracks parameters like voltage, temperature, state of charge (SOC), and state of health (SOH). The BMS ensures safe operation, prevents overheating or overcharging, and optimizes battery life.
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  18 CONCLUSION • Industrial trainingin electric vehicles has provided invaluable insights into the burgeoning field of sustainable transportation. • Gain practical knowledge: I have acquired a deep understanding of the components, systems, and technologies involved in electric vehicles. This includes batteries, motors, control systems, and charging infrastructure . Develop technical skills: I have honed my technical abilities through practical tasks such as assembling, testing, and troubleshooting electric vehicle components. This experience has enhanced my problem-solving and analytical skills.
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  19 REFERENCE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_substation http://www.cromptonusa.com/Potential%20Transformers.pdf https://circuitglobe.com/electrical-substation-equipment.html#:~:tex t=Lightning%20Arrestor&text=It%20protects%20the%20substation% 20equipment,under%20protection%20at%20the%20substation
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  20 THANK YOU