Supelec M2M IoT course 1 - introduction - Part 1/2 - 2012

From
Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
Communications
to
Internet of Things (IoT)

Introduction to M2M/IoT
Market
Technology Roadmap
& Standards

Thierry Lestable (MS’97, Ph.D’03)
Technology & Innovation Manager, Sagemcom

Disclaimer
• Besides Sagemcom SAS’, many 3rd party
copyrighted material is reused within this
brief tutorial under the ‘fair use’ approach,
for sake of educational purpose only,
and very limited edition.
• As a consequence, the current slide set
presentation usage is restricted, and is
falling under usual copyright usage.
• Thanks for your understanding!

2
© Thierry Lestable, 2012

What are we targeting during this
course?
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications represent technological solutions and
deployments allowing Machines, Devices or Objects to communicate with each other,
w/o any human interventions.
The M2M market generated by usages, applications and services is promised to
experience an annual growth of 49%, reaching more than 220billions euros in the
coming years. This represents one of the most attractive emerging market, with
applications such as Fleet Management, Smart Metering, eHealth, and many others
facilitating daily life of the citizens, whilst truly transforming our usages in the coming
years.
Due to this massive potential both in terms of business and transforming usages, many
governments, governance bodies and thus standards are currently preparing the
adequate frameworks from legal, technological and services point of view.
During this brand new course, we’ll thus dig into this M2M arena, in order to understand first
the wide variety of usages & services potentially offered, together with the
technologies available (Wireless, Wireline, IP, Security…), and how they cooperate with
each other, whilst key features of M2M will be identified. Particular attention will be paid to
IP.
Finally, since Interoperability is the keystone of M2M, we’ll review the state-of-Art (SoA) of
the whole M2M ecosystem, including worldwide standards (3GPP, ETSI M2M, IEEE
802.16, IETF…) and industry forums currently trying to push for both solutions and
usages.
3

Outline of whole course
Introduction to M2M market
Industrial Landscape: value chain, new applications & usages, Products
Trends and achievable market

Keystone Technologies & M2M Architecture
M2M Architecture(s): Vertical Markets & generic approach, economy of scale & Interoperability
Wireless M2M: Cellular (2G, 3G, LTE, WiMAX), Shortrange (WiFi, ZigBee, BT, RFID, Z-wave, etc…)
Wireline M2M (PLC,…)
IP M2M: IP-to-the-sensor (constrained IP stacks), autoconfiguration algorithms, M2M networks connected to Internet
Key functionalities
Security, privacy, trust
Device management: protocols, Firmware Over The Air (FOTA), remote diagnostic, self-discovery, scalability
Ubiquitous connectivity, interoperability
Energy efficiency
Overview of microcontrollers and embedded OS.
Context awareness and monitoring
Identification, naming and addressing: fundamental concepts of IP routing and addressing
Technology Roadmap and Standards
IETF (ROLL, 6LowPAN)
ETSI: TC M2M, ITS
3GPP: Machine Type Communications (MTC) with LTE Rel.10 & Beyond
Smart Grids: NIST architecture, IEEE P2030, Gridman, DLMS, CEN-CENELEC
IEEE P1901
DSL Forum
Conclusions: Research priorities & recommendations
Digital Agenda for Europe
Governance recommendations: Mandates from European Commission
Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for the Future Internet
Digital Economy support in France (e.g. Grand Emprunt)
4

Outline of course#1
Introduction to M2M market
Industrial Landscape: value chain, new applications & usages, Products
Trends and achievable market

Technology Roadmap and Standards
IETF (ROLL, 6LowPAN) ECOSYSTEM
ETSI: TC M2M, ITS
3GPP: Machine Type Communications (MTC) with LTE Rel.10 & Beyond
Smart Grids: NIST architecture, IEEE P2030, Gridman, DLMS, CEN-CENELEC
IEEE P1901
DSL Forum
Conclusions: Research priorities & recommendations
Digital Agenda for Europe
Governance recommendations: Mandates from European Commission
Strategy & Perspectives
Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for the Future Internet
Digital Economy support in France (e.g. Grand Emprunt)

5

Market opportunities

From Vertical ‘niche’ markets to
Outstanding opportunities…

Mobile Broadband (MBB) Experience
Connected Life: Home, on-the-move, Work

Traffic Generated

= 24 x = 515 x
= 122 x

Source: CISCO VNI Mobile 2011
7

Smart City
What we are looking for….ultimately…

Whilst avoiding ‘Big Brother’ & maintaining ‘Privacy’…
8

Yesterday: People Connecting to People

Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston 9

Today: People Connecting to Things


Tomorrow: Network of Networks, Internet of
Things (IoT)


Non-exhaustive list of M2M
applications & services
Car Telematic
Fleet Management
Parking & Traffic Management in urban areas
Positioning Systems
Smart Metering
POS-Terminal
Security
Remote Monitoring of Green Energy power plants
Remote Management of Assets & Products
Environmental monitoring & ICT support to a sustainable economic
growth
eHealth
• Etc…

12

Traffic Growth Opportunitites
Global M2M Eco-system revenues
1,200,000
45
1,000,000 Industrial 40 Transport
Automobile 35
800,000
Entertainment 30

Billion $
25 Services
600,000
Mobile 20
400,000 15 Software
10
200,000 5 Hardware
Computers 0
0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Strategy Analytics – March 2006
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Growth of Internet « Connections »:
• 2005-2008: Fixed-Mobile
Convergence (FMC)
• 2008-2012: M2M
Communications

13

Market Evolution
Cellular M2M Communications
Short Range M2M Communications
(GSM/GPRS/EDGE &
(WiFi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, RFID)
WCDMA/HSPA)
ZigBee Chipset Shipment Forecast by Application
SIM Cards for M2M (Europe) Segment

70 140
60
120
Other
50 Home automation
Millions d'unités

POS term inals 100

Millions units
Home networking
40 Security alarm s
80 Industrial automation
30 Energy meters
Comm ercial vehicles 60 Utilities
20
Private vehicles Building automation
40
10 Toys
20
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0
Berg insights – The European Wireless M2M market - 2008 West - WIRELESS SENSOR AND M2M MARKETS - 2005
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Combination of both are necessary
for economically viable solutions,
within a Market worth 40Bn$

14

Main trends and drivers
The dramatic growth of mobile data traffic
Source:IDATE
UK mobile data traffic growth AT&T traffic evolution

Source: Ofcom
Source: AT&T
Mobile data traffic evolution (TB per million inhabitants per
month) in some European countries
Daily traffic consumption in Europe

Source: Sandvine
Source: ECC PT1
15

Mobile traffic forecasts 2010-2020: Worlwide

Total mobile traffic
•As a conclusion, total worldwide mobile traffic will reach more than 127 EB
in 2020, representing an 33 times increase compared with 2010 figure.
Total mobile traffic (EB per year)

140.00

120.00

100.00
Yearly traffic in EB

Europe
80.00 Americas
Asia
60.00 Rest of the world
W orld
40.00

20.00

-
2010 2015 2020

Source: IDATE

16

Wireless M2M: 4 pillars

17

M2M Deployment Challenges

Source: Yankee group, 2008

Need for OPEN Standards, Open API & SDK, industry groups,
Incentive Regulation and Governance

18

A Bright Future for M2M & IoT

19

Connected Devices: Services

20

LTE Ecosystem is maturing fast!
Smart Phones

M-Tablets

DSL-Routers

+ USB Dongles + Netbooks, etc…
21

M2M Cellular: Vertical Market
Growth

22

New M2M Value Chain:
Stakeholders opportunities & roles

23

M2M ecosystem

24

M2M: Paving the way towards IoT

25

M2M Market:
Maturity assessment

Source: ORANGE

26

Carriers co-operations with M2M
players

27

Miniaturization towards the IoT
Number
of Devices

Cost & Size

28

Smaller Cost, Size & Consumption

29

Sagemcom Modules

Automotive Security & Alarm

Remote monitoring
POS Terminals
Smart Metering

30

Sagemcom products
Printing Terminals
Broadband & Residential Terminals Professional Terminals and Systems
Residential Terminals Consumer Fax
Broadband Terminals Imaging
Connected screens

Digital TV Set-Top Box Energy & Telecom
Systems & Networks
M2M Communications
Partnerships
Energy management

31

Internet of Things
(IoT)

Smart World: IPSO vision

33

IoT & Future Internet

Active & Sensitive Ambient Intelligence
Systems

34

IoT, Technology Roadmap

35

Connected objects: Segmentation map

36

Internet of Things
Enablers Barriers
Energy Lack of Governance
Intelligence Privacy & Security
Communication
Integration
Interoperability
Standards
Manufacturing

Applications Ubiquitous intelligent devices
Things on the move Ambient and Assisted Living
Retail (AAL)
Bar code replacement by
–eHealth
RFID Tag
Logistic –Intelligent Home
Pharmaceutical –Transportation
Food

Society,
–People, Security & Privacy

37

IoT: Food Traceability

38

IoT: Drug Traceability

39

IoT Key Enablers

40

RFID Communication platform

41

RFID: Basics

42

3 RFID Tags categories
(1) (2) (3)

BAP = Battery Assist Passive 43

RFID passive Tags:
function Vs Frequency

44

IoT: Identity Interoperability
Challenges

45

Id Tag examples
• 2D bar codes • 1D (linear) bar code
examples

46

Id Tag B2C scenario example

47

RFID NFC

48

NFC use cases

49

NFC: 3 operating modes

Universal Mobile Wallet

50

IoT, European Commission

51

IoT, European Commission
• Need for Governance Actions
– Privacy & protection of personnal Data
– Trust, Acceptance & Security
– Standardization

Internet of Things

Internet of Things for People

52

Privacy Protection: 4 facets

53

IoT: Privacy act (US)

Notice

Privacy

Labeling Deactivation

54

Standardization efforts
&
Architecture

Towards Global International M2M
Partnership Project?… (M2MPP)

Standard « strategy »…

56

..Make it (really!) useful…

57

High Level (simplified) M2M
Architecture
Capillary
Network

Operator
platform

M2M
Gateway

Client
Application

58

Network of Networks, Internet of Things
(IoT)


IoT & Cloud Computing

60

M2M Ecosystem’s Jungle

61

3GPP Structure

62

3GPP Liaisons

63

ETSI TC M2M links
with other ETSI TCs
ETSI RRS ETSI ATTM ETSI DECT ETSI SCP

Capillary
Access Networks
Service Platform ETSI ERM
ETSI TISPAN
wireless
Wide Area
Network
M2M Gateway

IP Network

wireline

Application
ETSI ITS
ETSI e-Health ETSI PLT

64

ETSI M2M Links with ecosystem
EPCGlobal
ISO/IEC JTC1 GS1
UWSN ESMIG
Metering
IUT-T Utilities
HGI
NGN CEN CENELEC Home Gateway
Metering
Smart Metering Smart Metering Capillary Initiative
Access networks
OASIS Service Platform

W3C WOSA
wireless
Wide Area
Network

IETF 6LowPAN M2M Gateway KNX
IPSO Phy-Mac Over IPV6
IPV6 IP Network
Hardware and W-Mbus
Protocols
IETF ROLL
Routing over Low Power
Lossy Networks wireline
IEEE
ZCL 802.xx.x

Application

ZigBee Alliance.
ZB Application Profiles OMA GSMA 3GPP
SCAG,… SA1, SA3, ,…

65

ETSI TC M2M
Use Cases

TR 102 692 TR 102 732 TR 102 857 TR 102 898 TR 102 897
Smart eHealth Connected Automotive City
Metering consumer automation
PUBLISHED
TS 102 689
Stage 1 M2M Service
Requirements PUBLISHED
TR 1xx xxx TR 102 725
Interworking M2M
with M2M Area TS 102 690 Definitions
Networks Stage 2 M2M Functional
Architecture

TR 102 935 TR 101 531 TR 102 167
Smart Grid TS 102 921 Re-use of 3GPP Threat analysis and
Stage 3 nodes by M2MSC counter measures
impacts on M2M Communications;
mIa, dIa and mId interfaces layer to M2M service
M2M layer

66

GSC M2M Standardization Task Force

Source: Numerex
67

Telecommunications Technology
Association – TTA (Korea)

68

Association of Radio Industries &
Business - ARIB

69

Telecom Industry Association
– TIA (USA)

70

China Communications Standards
Association - CCSA

71

Global ICT Standardization Forum
for India - GISFI

72

GSMA
- Smart Card Application Group
(SCAG)
- Embedded SIM Task Force
- Updated remotely with operators credentials
(even after sale)
- Secure re-provisioning of alternative
operators

Liaison with
ETSI Smart Card Platform (SCP)
Then to 3GPP CT6

73

M2M Standards Landscape

WAN

Capillary

74

Taxonomy M2M Standard activities

75

Goals for a Global Initiative
for M2M Standardization (M2M Partnership Project)
Develop one globally agreed M2M Service Layer
specification
Consolidate current M2M Service Layer standards
activities into the Global Initiative
Identify a common Service Layer architecture and
identify gaps where existing standards do not fulfill
the requirements and provide or initiate the creation
of specifications to fill these gaps
Develop and maintain Technical Specifications and
Technical Reports in support of the M2M common
Service Layer architecture framework
Collaborate with wireless and wireline SDOs and fora
responsible for developing standards for Core and
Access Networks
Collaborate with SDOs and fora in charge of
developing the vertical markets (i.e., domain-specific)
aspects of M2M applications
Develop specifications that will help drive the industry
towards a goal of lower operating expenses, lower
capital expenses, faster time-to-market, and mass-
market economies of scale
Source: Final Draft updated during Plenary Telecon #1 to discuss Ad Hoc Group input - Updated 19 October, 2011
76
76

Open Issues
• E2E Architecture
• Governance, naming, identity, interfaces
• Service openness, interoperability
• Spectrum (Wireless)
• Standards

77

Capillary Network &
Wireless Sensors Network
(WSN)
Key Technologies
From proprietary solutions
towards IP smart objects…

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
evolution
Price Scalability

Cabling Proprietary ZigBee 6lowpan
radio + network Internet

Z-Wave, prop. ZigBee and 6lowpan
Any vendor
ISM etc. WHART ISA100

Cables Vendor Complex Open development
lock-in middleware and portability

1980s 2000 2006 2008 ->

Increased
Productivity

79

Konnex (KNX)
• Worldwide Home & building Automation

European Installation Bus (EIB) is
an European Std (ISO), created in 1987.
It is thus Open Std.
• International Std: ISO/IEC 14543-3
• European Std:
• CENELEC EN50090
• CEN EN 13321-1 / 13321-2
• Chinese Std: GB/Z 20965
• US Std: ANSI/ASHRAE 135

80

KNX: The EIB Bus
• EIB Bus system principle
Medium Transmission:
-Twisted Pair (TP)
-Powerline (PL)
-RF

81

ISA 100: Industrial Automation
ISA100.11a Wireless is based on ISA: International Society for Automation
IEEE 802.15.4 (WPAN) & IETF 6LoWPAN

802.15.4-2006 2.4 GHz used as in standard
Except: carrier sensing is optional
802.15.4-2006 MAC sub-layer used as in the standard
ISA100.11a adds MAC features on-top of this
Channel hopping
Slotted hopping and slow hopping
Time coordination
No MAC retransmissions
No 802.15.4 beacon mode features used
82

WirelessHART

83

WirelessHART

Source: Ron Helson, GSC MSTF - 2011

84

WirelessHART

Source: Ron Helson, GSC MSTF - 2011 85

Bluetooth
(Master in one piconet can be
Piconet (up to 7 active Devices) bridge
a slave in another)

2.4 GHz ISM band
79 x 1MHz channels

BT version Throughput (Mbps)
v1.2 1
v2.0+EDR 3
v3.0 + HS 24
Star Topology scatternet

Max Range Max Power
1998 - BT technology is officially introduced and the Bluetooth SIG is formed. Class (m) dBm mW
Bluetooth technology's intended basic purpose is to be a wire replacement 1 100 20 100
1999 - Bluetooth 1.0 Specification is introduced. 2 10 4 2,5
3 1 0 1
2003 - announcement of Version 2.1.
2004 - v 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) is introduced.
2005 - v 2.0 + EDR begin to hit the market in late 2005.
2007 - v 2.1 + EDR is adopted by the Bluetooth SIG.
2009 - v 3.0 + HS (High Speed) is adopted by the Bluetooth SIG.
Wi-Fi as alternate PHY/MAC
2010 – v4.0: WiBree (Ultra Low Power) integrated into Bluetooth,
as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

Up to 7 controllers

86

Zigbee

IEEE 802.15.4 features
Data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps.
Two addressing modes; 16-bit short and 64-bit IEEE addressing.
Support for critical latency devices, such as joysticks.
CSMA-CA channel access.
Automatic network establishment by the coordinator.
Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability.
Power management to ensure low power consumption.
16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band, 10 channels in the 915MHz I
and one channel in the 868MHz band. 87

IP for Smart Object (IPSO) Alliance
• Support Activities • Activities
– IETF 6LoWPAN – Interoperability Tests
– IETF ROLL (IOT)
– ISA100 – Architecture Design
– IEEE – Technology Proof of
Concepts (PoC)
– White Papers
– Tutorials/Dissemination

88

IETF 6LoWPAN
IPv6 over Low-power WPAN
• IETF RFC 4919, 4944 • 16/64 bit IEEE 802.15.4
• 6LoWPAN is an ADAPTATION addressing
Header Format! • Efficient header compression
– IPv6 base and extension headers,
UDP header
• Network autoconfiguration using
neighbor discovery
• Unicast, multicast and broadcast
support
– Multicast is compressed and
mapped to broadcast
• Fragmentation
– 1280 byte IPv6 MTU -> 127 byte
802.15.4 frames
• Support for IP routing (e.g. IETF
RPL)
• Support for use of link-layer mesh
(e.g. 802.15.5)

IPv6-LoWPAN Router Stack
89

IETF ROLL
Routing Over Low-power and Lossy networks
• Standardizing a routing algorithm for embedded apps
• Application specific requirements
– Home automation
– Commercial building automation
– Industrial automation
– Urban environments
• Analyzed all existing protocols
• Solution must work over IPv6 and 6LoWPAN
• Routing Protocol in-progress called RPL “Ripple”
– Proactive distance-vector approach
– See draft-ietf-roll-rpl for detailed information

90

Contiki – uIPv6 stack
• Open source • uIPv6 Design
• Small footprint
– Code size ~ 11.5Kb
– RAM usage ~ 1.8Kb
– Fit on most constraint
Sensors platforms
• Certified
– IPv6 Phase 1
• IPv6 Specs (RFC2460)
– interoperable with
stacks from all other • IPv6 Addressing (RFC4291)
certified vendors • Neighbor Discovery (RFC 4861)
• Stateless Address Config
(RFC4862)
• ICMPv6 (RFC4443)

91

Berkeley initiative
http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/

• http://openwsn.berkel • http://wsn.eecs.berkel
ey.edu/ ey.edu/connectivity/
Open source implementations + Connectivity data repositary & IETF ROLL/RPL test

92

WAN – Cellular Systems

3GPP LTE & WiMAX

Wireless Broadband Systems
mapping

94

LTE Parallel evolution path to
3G

DL: 21Mbps (64QAM)
DL: 28Mbps
[2x2 MIMO & 16QAM]

DC-HSPA + 64QAM
2x2 MIMO & 64QAM

95

Main benefits from LTE

96

Main benefits from LTE

• Full Packet Switched (PS) no MSC • CSFB, SRVCC
• no RNC • Hotspot Offload
• Self-Organizing Networks (SON)

• DL: 150Mbps / UL: 50Mbps (2x2 MIMO) • Mobility up to 350Km/h
• BW up to 20MHz • Latency < 5ms
• Default Bearer & QoS • QoS & IMS | ICIC

• BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz • GSMA (VoLTE), LSTI, NGMN, GCF, Femto Forum
• new Bands: 2.6GHz, 700/800 MHz (Digital Dividend)

97

LTE Rel.8/9: Bandwidth &
Duplexing modes

And HALF-DUPLEX!!!

98

Investing in LTE: 237 Operators in 85
Countries

26 Commercial LTE NW launched
161 LTE User Devices
(July 2011)

174 Commercial LTE Commitments in 64 countries
63 additional pre-commitment trials

93 LTE Networks are anticipated to be in
Commercial service by end of 2012!

99

Worldwide Mobile Broadband
Spectrum FDD: 2x70MHz FDD: 2x35MHz
TDD: 50MHz
FDD Hong-Kong
7 3
China Mobile
2600 1800
AWS TeliaSonera Genius Brand
Vodafone CSL Ltd
O2 …
Major TD-LTE Market
… (incl. India)

Verizon
metroPCS AT&T
21
1500
NTT DoCoMo

Refarming and Extensions are still to come…
Digital Dividend
Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum
is a critical problem!
100

LTE Roll-out Worldwide Vs
Spectrum Band fragmentation

Source:Huawei

101

TD-LTE is gaining momentum
Strong Ecosystem growing fast…

TD-LTE is becoming a Technology of Highest interest
for Operators & Vendors

102

Global UMTS Subscriber Growth
Forecast

HSPA+ will still play an active role
In near future, both as migration
and complementary to LTE.

3G will keep playing a Key role
In Future!
Multi-Radio chips (2G/3G/LTE)

103

VoLTE (GSMA IR.92) Timeline
Early Adopters General Market

craft
revolution

2011: TRIALS 2011: CSFB

2012: COMMERCIAL 2012: TRIALS
SRVCC
2013: COMMERCIAL

« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverage
and boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »
Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009
104

3GPP LTE System architecture
IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem
PCRF: Policy, Charging Resource Function
UE: User Equipment
MME: Mobility Management Entity
S-GW: Serving Gateway
P-GW: Packet Gateway
HSS: Home Subcriber Server
EPC: Evolved Packet Core
EPS: Evolved Packet System = EPC + E-UTRAN
E-UTRAN: Evolved UTRAN
PMIP: Proxy Mobile IP

DHCP

LTE – Rel.8

105

Femtocell Ecosystem: 62
Operators

Femto Forum – 62 Operators members
107

Femtocell Ecosystem: 74 Technology
providers
End to End Solutions

Components & Software Femto Access Points Femto Core Network Others

The Ecosystem is now mature enough,
and has experienced its 2nd IOT Plugfest.
108

Femtocell Market status

19 Commercial Deployments in 13 countries,
15 Roll-out commitments in 2011

109

LTE Femto: HeNB

S1
S1

S1

S1
X2

X2

3GPP Rel.10

110

LTE Femtocell: Home eNode B
(HeNB) 3 Options!

111

LTE Femtocell: Home eNode B
(HeNB) 3 Options!
[1] [2]

[3]

112

HeNB OAM process
(Mgt System)

113

Residential Macro Data Offload

Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell

On average, more than 70% of traffic
can still be Offloaded !
114

Key Findings
Global Femtocell Survey
6,100 consumers in 6 countries

115

LTE Self-Organizing
Networks (SON)

LTE Self-Organizing Network
(SON) features
S1/X2 configuration

117

SON progress status w.r.t
3GPP Releases 8, 9, and 10
SON Concepts & Requirements
3GPP Rel.8 Self-Establishment of eNBs
SON Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) list Mgt

Study on SON related OAM interfaces for HNB
Study on Self-Healing of SON
SON – OAM Aspects
3GPP Rel.9
- SON Self-Optimization Mgt
- Automatic Radio Network Configuration Data preparation
SON

SON – OAM Aspects
3GPP Rel.10
- SON Self-Optimization Mgt Continuation
- SON Self-Healing Mgt
- OAM aspects of Energy saving in Radio Networks
LTE SON Enhancements

118

Support for Self-Configuration &
Self-Optimization
• Self-Configuration
Process
– Basic Set-up
– Automatic Registration of
nodes in the system
– Initial Radio Configuration
• Self-Optimization Process
– Ue & eNB measurements
and performance
measurements are used to
auto-tune the network

119

LTE-Advanced (Rel.10) and
Beyond (Rel.11)

Rel.11

121

LTE-Advanced: System
Performance Requirements

Support of Wider Bandwidth
Carrier Aggregation up to 100MHz

MIMO Techniques extension
DL: up to 8 layers
UL: up to 4 layers

Coordinated Multiple Point (CoMP)
(Rel.11)

Relaying Un
Uu
L1 & L3 relaying
122

LTE-Advanced
Architecture & Services
Enhancements
• LIPA
• SIPTO
• IFOM
• Relaying
• MTC (M2M)

LTE-Advanced: Local IP Access
(LIPA)

124

LIPA: initial solutions in competition

125

LIPA solution for HeNB using
Local PDN Connection
LIPA

MME
PCRF Rx

S10 S11
S1-MME
L- GW
Gx
L-S5
Other
IMS
HeNB S1-U SGW S5 PDN GW SGi Internet
Etc.

E-
UTRA- Local IP acc ess network elements
Uu
E-UTRAN network elements

EPC network elements

Packet data network (e.g. Internet,
E-UTRA UE Intranet, intra-operator IMS
provisioning)

126

LIPA solution for HeNB using
Local PDN Connection

127

3GPP Current conclusions on
LIPA

128

3GPP Current conclusions on
LIPA

129

LTE-Advanced: Selected IP
Traffic Offload (SIPTO)

SIPTO Traffic

CN
L-PGW
MME
RAN
S5
S11

S1-U S5
eNB S-GW P-GW

UE CN Traffic

130

LTE-Advanced: IP Flow Mobility
and Seamless Offload (IFOM)
• IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload
(IFOM) is used to carry (simultaneously)
some of UE’s traffic over WIFI to offload
Femto Access!

IETF RFC-5555, DSMIPv6

131

LTE-Advanced: Relaying and its
potential gain
Un
Uu

132

LTE-Advanced: Relay support

MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

S1
S1
S1
X2 1 E-UTRAN
eNB S1 DeNB
X2
Un

RN

133

Machine-Type Communications
(MTC) in 3GPP

134

MTC Scenarios
• MTC Device MTC server • MTC Device <--> MTC Device
(No Server in between!)

MTC MTC
API
Operator domain Server User

MTC
Device
MTC MTC MTC
Operator domain A Operator domain B
Device Device Device
MTC MTC MTC
Device Device
Device
MTC MTC
Device MTC
Device Device
MTC MTC
Device Device

Operator domain MTC
Server/
MTC
MTC User
Device
MTC
Device Still Not Considered in Rel.10!!
MTC
Device
MTC
Device

135

3GPP MTC (High Level)
Architecture

MTCsms
MTC
3GPP
Server
PLMN -
MTCu 3GPP bearer services / MTC
MTC
Server
Device SMS / IMS IWK
Function
MTC
Server
MTCi

MTCu: It provides MTC Devices access to 3GPP network for the transport of user plane and control plane
traffic. MTCu interface could be based on Uu, Um, Ww and LTE-Uu interface.
MTCi: It is the reference point that MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus
communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP bearer services/IMS. MTCi could be based on Gi, Sgi,
and Wi interface.
MTCsms: It is the reference point MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates
with MTC Device via 3GPP SMS.

136

3GPP MTC: Service Requirements
• Common Service REQ • Specific Service REQ (Features)
– Device Triggering – Low Mobility
– Addressing – Time Controlled
– Time Tolerant
Private Address Space Public Address Space – PS only
MTC MTC
– Small data Trx
MNO
Device Server – Mobile originated only
– Infrequent mobile Terminated
– Monitoring
– Identifiers – Priority alarm
– Charging – Secure Connection
– Security – Location Specific Trigger
– Remote Device Management – NW provided destination for UL
data
– Infrequent Trx
– Group based features

137

3GPP MTC: Service REQ

MTC Common Service REQ Details
Device Triggering MTC Device shall be able to receive trigger indications from the network and shall establish communication with
the MTC Server when receiving the trigger indication. Possible options may include:
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is offline.
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online, but has no data connection established.
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online and has a data connection established

Addressing MTC Server in a public address space can successfully send a mobile terminated message to the MTC Device
inside a private IP address space

Identifiers uniquely identify the ME, the MTC subscriber. Manage numbers & identifiers. Unique Group Id.

Charging Charging per MTC Device or MTC Group.

Security MTC optimizations shall not degrade security compared to non-MTC communications

Remote MTC Device The management of MTC Devices should be provided by existing mechanisms (e.g. OMA DM, TR-069)
Management

138

3GPP MTC: Features
MTC Feature Details
Low Mobility MNO change 1) Frequency of Mobility Mgt procedures, or per device, 2) Location updates performed by MTC
device

Time Controlled MTC Applications that can tolerate to send or receive data only during defined time intervals and avoid
unnecessary signalling outside these defined time intervals. Different charging can apply.

Time Tolerant MTC Devices that can delay their data transfer. The purpose of this functionality is to allow the network operator
to prevent MTC Devices that are Time Tolerant from accessing the network (e.g. in case of radio access network
overload)

Packet Switched (PS) only network operator shall be able to provide PS only subscriptions with or without assigning an MSISDN

Small Data Trx The system shall support transmissions of small amounts of data with minimal network impact (e.g. signalling
overhead, network resources, delay for reallocation)

Mobile originated only Reduce Frequency of Mobility Management Procedures (Signalling)

Infrequent Mobile Terminated MTC Device: mainly mobile originated communications Reduce Mobility Management Signalling

MTC Monitoring Detect unexpected behaviour, changes, and loss of connectivity (configurable by user) Warning to MTC
server (other actions configurable by user)

Priority Alarm Theft, vandalism, tampering Precedence over aby other MTC feature (MAX priority!)

Secure Connection Secure connection between MTC Device and MTC server even during Roaming.

Location Specific Trigger initiate a trigger to the MTC Devices based on area information provided to the network operator

Network Provided Destination MTC Applications that require all data from an MTC Device to be directed to a network provided destination IP
for Uplink Data address.

Infrequent Transmission The network shall establish resource only when transmission occurs

Group Based (GB) MTC 1 MTC device associated to 1 single MTC group. Combined QoS policy (GB policing): A maximum bit rate for
features the data that is sent/received by a MTC Group shall be enforced
GB addressing: mechanism to send a broadcast message to a MTC Group, e.g. to wake up the MTC Devices
that are members of that MTC Group
139

M2M European R&D Innovation:
FP7 EXALTED
• EXpAnding LTE for Devices

140

NGMN – LTE Backhaul

Source: Ericsson

Traffic Volume:

X2 ~ [ 4 - 10%] S1

IPSec +14%

GTP/MIP overhead ~10%

LTE Small Cells Deployment will change Rules for Backhaul Provisioning
Need for more Research
Architecture / PHY / Synchronization (e.g. PTP (1588), SyncE, Hybrid…)

141

TVWS for Backhaul

142

LTE in TVWS

143

LTE Royalty Level: Need for Patent Pool
facilitation? LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO
4076 declarations (March 2011)

14.8%

Critical constraint
for Femtocells
is
COST EFFICIENCY!!

© 2011 Sisvel (www.sisvel.com)
144

LTE & 4G patents
$12.5 billion

6000+ patents
24000+ patents

$4.5 billion

WHO’s NEXT?…
$2.6 billion

$340 Million $770 Million

Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business…
Especially in Vertical Markets!

145

Verizon LTE Innovation Center

LTE Connected Car Office in the Box Connected Home (incl. eHealth)

Bicycle LiveEdge.TV

146

Fixed/Mobile Convergence

Source: BT Wholesale

It’s Mandatory to propose integrated Architectures
Taking advantage of Wireless/Wired systems
(e.g. 3G, LTE, WiFi, WiGig, DAS, RoF, PLC…)

148

WBA – Roadmap

Small intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXC)™

149

Hotspot 2.0 (HS2.0) - NGH
Enhancing WiFi to be more ‘Cellular’

Built directly Built directly
into device into device

Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:

Source: Cisco
150

WiMAX –
M2M & Smart Grids
IEEE 802.16p, 802.16n

WiMAX community turns to M2M
• IEEE 802.16p • IEEE 802.16n
– Machine-to-Machine (M2M) (GRIDMAN)
– Approved: Sept. 2010 – Smart Grids
– Expiration: Dec. 2014 – Emergency, Public Safety!!
• Misleading title, stands for:
– Greater Reliability In
• URL: Disrupted Metroplotian
http://ieee802.org/16/m2 Area NW
m/index.html – Approved: June 2010
– Expiration: Dec. 2014

• URL:
http://wirelessman.org/gri
dman/index.html

152

WiMAX based M2M Architecture
MNO (Mobile Network Operator)

Access Service Connectivity
Network Service Network

IEEE 802.16 R1
Non M2M
M2M
device M2M Service
Server Consumer

R1 IEEE 802.16
IEEE 802.16 BS
M2M device

Non IEEE R1
IEEE 802.16
802.16
M2M device
M2M device

Classical WiMAX NW
153

WiMAX M2M: Requirements &
Features
• Extremely Low Power Consumption
• High Reliability
• Enhanced Access Priority
– Alarms, Emergency calls etc…(Health, Public safety, Surveillance…)
• Extremely Large Numbers of Devices
• Addressing
• Group Control
• Security
• Small burst transmission
• Low/no mobility
• Time Controlled Operation (pre-defined scheduling)
• Time Tolerant operations
• One-Way Data traffic
• Extremely Low Latency (e.g. Emergency..)
• Extremely Long Range Access
• Infrequent traffic
Looks quite similar to 3GPP MTC…
154

WiMAX M2M: Potential impacts
M2M Requirements & Potential Directions with impacts on Standard
Features
Low Power Consumption Idle/Sleep modes, Power savings in active mode. Link Adaptation, UL Power Ctrl,
Ctrl Signalling, Device Cooperation.
High Reliability Link Adaptation protocol with very robust MCS. Enhanced Interference Mitigation
procedures. Device Collaboration with redundant and/or alternate paths (e.g.
diversity)
Enhanced Access priority BW request protocol, NW entry/re-entry, ARQ/HARQ, frame structure
Transmission attemps Large Link Adaptation, ARQ/HARQ, frame structure, Ctrl signalling, NW entry/re-entry
Numbers of Devices
Group Control Group ID location, Ctrl signalling, paging, Sleep mode initiation, multi-cast operation,
BW request/allocation, connection Mgt protocols
Small burst transmission New QoS profiles, burst Mgt, SMS transmission mechanism, BW request/allocation
protocols, Channel Coding, frame structure. Low-overhead Ctrl signaling for Small
Data. Smaller resource unit!
Low/no mobility Mobility Mgt protocol. Signaling w.r.t Handover preparation & execution migt be
turned off. Idle mode. Measurements/feedback protocls, pilot structure.
Extremely Long Range access Low & roust modulation schemes, higher power transmission
Infrequent traffic Simplifications to Sleep/idle mode protocol

Keeping in Mind BACKWARD compatibility

155

Supelec M2M IoT course 1 - introduction - Part 1/2 - 2012

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Supelec M2M IoT course 1 - introduction - Part 1/2 - 2012