Supplemental Unit Islamic World

Supplemental Unit Islamic World

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  Muhammad (570-632) Caravantrader living in Mecca First teachings of the Koran revealed by the Angel Gabriel in 610 Koran – the Islamic holy book Rejected by the people of Mecca Accepted by the people of Medina (Medina was the first Muslim city) Led an army back to Mecca in 632 and conquered the city without a fight Died in 632 Seen as a prophet – the final prophet from God
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  Islam – submissionto Allah Muslim – one who submits to Allah Allah – Arabic word for God (Arabic Christians and Jews use the same word) Muslims pray to the same god as Christians and Jews Muslims see Jesus as a very holy man, but still a man (a prophet from God Jews and Christians are considered “people of the book”
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  One god, Allahand Mohammad is the Prophet Prayer – 5X/day facing Mecca Alms to the poor Fasting during Ramadan The Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca The Five Pillars
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  Largely through militaryconquest Jihad (holy war) Within 100 years, Muslims conquer territory from Holy Land to the Iberian Peninsula Displays weakness of Byzantine Empire Stopped in the West at the Battle of Tours (732) The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem To the West (North Africa and Europe)
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  Largely through tradeAttraction as a religion of salvation Arab traders control trade throughout the Indian Ocean Largest Islamic country is Indonesia India is 25% Muslim Spices and tea trade will be important for later units TheTaj Mahal To the East (Asia and India)
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  Attraction as areligion of salvation Berber traders cross the Sahara Desert Timbuktu in Mali becomes a center of Islamic learning with a great library Islamic proverb states that "Salt comes from the north, gold from the south, but the word of God and the treasures of wisdom come from Timbuktu.“ Mosque in Timbuktu
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  Draws on Greek,Persian, and Indian sources Mathematics, astronomy and medicine Idea that learning is a gift from Allah Algebra, the Zero and Surgery Developed the first hospitals where the sick could be treated by professionals Advances become important components of later western culture, although it will take Christian loses in the Crusades to bring many Arab cultural ideas to Europe Islamic Science and Medicine