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Suspension system of an Automobile
The document discusses the suspension system in automobiles, detailing its purpose, components, and types, including independent and non-independent systems. It covers the functions of parts like control arms, shock absorbers, and springs, as well as different types of suspension systems such as conventional, air, and hydroelastic suspensions. The advantages and disadvantages of various suspension designs are also outlined, highlighting their impact on vehicle handling, ride comfort, and cost.
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Presentation introduction by Bibhuti Bhusan Samantaray discussing the topic of suspension systems.
The suspension system connects a vehicle to its wheels, aiding handling, braking, and protection from wear.
Supports weight, smooth ride, maintains tire contact, isolates vibrations, and allows wheel alignment.
Control arms, steering knuckles, ball joints, springs, and shock absorbers are key components.
Non-independent systems have linked wheels, whereas independent systems allow for wheel movement independently.
Coil springs are common in modern vehicles, while leaf springs are used in heavy vehicles but less commonly now.
Torsion bars help maintain position through twist action; sway bars prevent excessive leaning during turns.
Shock absorbers limit spring movements, enhancing ride quality by dampening the bounce effect after road bumps.
Introducing various suspension systems, including conventional, independent, air, and hydro elastic systems.
Rigid axles with limited track motion that can cause wobble; commonly uses leaf springs in rear driving wheels.
Utilizes both front and rear wheels for effective independent movement, detailing MacPherson strut design.
Double wishbone design allows for excellent load handling, with unique geometry for uprights and arms.
Current use in models like Audi A8 and A4, featuring independent items forming a wishbone shape for flexible handling.
Independent front and rear suspensions have benefits like improved ride but are costlier and may increase tire wear.
Combination design featuring double wishbone and leaf spring, enhancing stability and comfort.
Explains air bags, pressure maintenance, and common issues with air suspension systems, emphasizing comfort.
Interconnected systems for leveling, highlighting differences in the displacer mechanisms and fluid usage.
Helper springs are mounted to main springs to manage varying loads, improving overall suspension performance.
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Suspension system of an Automobile
- 1. SUSPENSION SYSTEM INAUTOMOBILES BIBHUTI BHUSAN SAMANTARAY Assistant Professor RCET, BHILAI 09439373223
- 2. WHAT IS SUSPENSIONSYSTEM Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the car's handling and braking. Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage and wear
- 3. SUSPENSION SYSTEM –LAY OUT
- 4. PURPOSE OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM •Supportsthe weight. •Provides a smooth ride. •Allows rapid cornering without extreme body roll. •Keeps tires in firm contact with the road. •Isolate passenger and cargo from vibration and shock •Allows front wheels to turn side-to-side for steering. •Works with the steering system to keep the wheels in correct alignment.
- 5. SUSPENSION SYSTEM Basic Parts: ControlArm:- movable lever that fastens the steering knuckle to the vehicle’s body or frame. Steering Knuckle:– provides a spindle or bearing support for the wheel hub, bearings and wheel assembly.
- 6. SUSPENSION SYSTEM Ball Joints:–swivel joints that allow control arm and steering knuckle to move up and down and side to side. Springs:– supports the weight of the vehicle; permits the control arm and Wheel to move up and down. Basic Parts:
- 7. SUSPENSION SYSTEM Shock absorbersor dampeners:- keeps the suspension from continuing to bounce after spring compression and extension. Control arm bushing :– sleeves that allows the control arm to swing up and down on the frame. Basic Parts:
- 8. Non-independent suspension:- Ithas both right and left wheel attached to the same solid axle. When one wheel hits a bump in the road, its upward movement causes a slight tilt of the other wheel. Independent suspension:- Independent suspension is a broad term for any automobile suspension system that allows each wheel on the same axle to move vertically independently of each other
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- 10. SUSPENSION SYSTEM COIL SPRINGAND LEAF SPRING
- 11. Used inmany conventional heavy vehicles Internal friction provides damping Provide Lateral location for the axle Heavy & Prone to weaken over time Leaf springs are now limited to the rear of some cars LEAF SPRING
- 12. Little tono internal damping Low cost & Compact Size Used in many Suspension types Coil spring is the most common type of spring found on modern vehicles COIL SPRING
- 13. Torsion bar (largespring rod) •One end is attached to the frame and the other to the lower control arm. • Up and down of the suspension system twists the torsion bar •.It will then try to return to its original shape, moving the control arm to its original place.
- 14. Sway Bar (StabilizerBar) •Used to keep the body from leaning excessively in sharp turns. •Fastened to lower control arms. •During cornering, centrifugal force makes the outside of body drop and inside raise. •The bar’s resistance to twisting motion limits body lean in corners.
- 15. Shock absorbers •Limits springcompression- extension movements to smooth the vehicle’s ride. •Without shock absorbers, the vehicle would continue to bounce up and down long after striking dip or hump in the road. •A shock absorber is a mechanical device designed to smooth out or damp shock impulse, and dissipate kinetic energy.
- 16. DIFFERENT SUSPENSION SYSTEMS Conventional suspension system Independent suspension system Air suspension system Hydro elastic suspension system
- 17. CONVENTIONAL SUSPENSION SYSTEM Two wheels are mounted on either side of the rigid axle When one wheel encounters the bump, both the wheel do not execute parallel up and down motion So it gives rise to gyroscopic effect and wheel wobble Rear driving wheels mounted on live axle suspended by laminated leaf springs and shock absorbers
- 19. INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION SYSTEM Both the front and the rear wheel are utilized Design incorporated in the front wheels One wheel goes down ,the other wheel does not have much effect Basic classification of the design 1. MacPherson Strut 2. Double Wishbone 3. Multi link
- 20. the mostwidely used front suspension system in cars comprises of a strut-type spring and shock absorber combo, which pivots on a ball joint on the single, lower arm. The steering gear is either connected directly to the lower shock absorber housing, or to an arm from the front or back of the spindle (in this case When you steer, it physically twists the strut and shock absorber housing (and consequently the spring) to turn the wheel MACPHERSON STRUT
- 21. Type of double-Aor double wishbone suspension Wheel spindles are supported by an upper and lower 'A' shaped arm. The lower arm carries most of the load. If you look head-on at this type of system, parallelogram system that allows the spindles to travel vertically up and down. This side-to-side motion is known as scrub DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION
- 22. Type ofdouble-A arm suspension although the lower arm in these systems can sometimes be replaced with a single solid arm. The spring/shock combo is moved from between the arms to above the upper arm. This transfers the load-bearing capability of the suspension almost entirely to the upper arm and the spring mounts. The lower arm in this instance becomes a control arm.
- 23. MULTI-LINK SUSPENSION It'scurrently being used in the Audi A8 and A4 amongst other cars. The basic principle of it is the same, but instead of solid upper and lower wishbones, each 'arm' of the wishbone is a separate item. These are joined at the top and bottom of the spindle thus forming the wishbone shape. The super-weird thing about this is that as the spindle turns for steering, it alters the geometry of the suspension by torquing all four suspension arms. Spring is separate from the schock absorber.
- 24. ADVANTAGES ( INDEPENDENTFRONT ) Bigger deflection of front wheels, no reaction on steering Greater distance for resisting rolling action Front axle (small-stub), improves road holding tendency of tyres. Minimum vibrations DISADVANTAGES Better shock absorber required. Expensive Tyre wear increases due to transmission of torque.
- 25. ADVANTAGES ( INDEPENDENTREAR SUSPENSION) Lesser unsprung weight – improves ride , reduces tyre wear. Increased passenger space Rear wheels remain stable .. DISADVANTAGES Increased cost Complicated design Steering action is not proper
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- 27. Normally findon the rear suspension Combines independent double wishbone suspension with a leaf spring. It involves one leaf spring mounted across the vehicle, connected at each end to the lower wishbone. The centre of the spring is connected to the front subframe in the middle of the car. There are still two shock absorbers, mounted one to each side on the lower wishbones.
- 28. AIR SUSPENSION Comprisesof compressor , suppling air to air tank Pressure maintained – 5.6 to 7 kg/sq.m Air bags – on each wheel As load applied , air bags compressed actuating the levelling valve . Air from the tank fills the compressrd air bag & hence raise the level of the frame. Air from air bag gets released as load on chassis decreases .
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- 30. ADVANTAGES OF AIRSUSPENSION These maintain a constant frequency of vibration whether the vehicle is laden or unladen. Constant frame height is maintained. It helps to reduce the load while the vehicle in motion i.e. the dynamic loading as the spring rate variation between laden and unladen weight is much less. It gives smooth and comfort ride of the vehicle. The stiffness of the system increases with the increase of the deflection.
- 31. COMMON AIR SUSPENSIONPROBLEMS Air bag or air strut failure - due to old age, or moisture within the air system that damages them from the inside. Compressor failure - Primarily due to leaking air springs or air struts - Compressor burnout may also be caused by moisture from within the air system coming into contact with its electronic parts. Dryer failure - which functions to remove moisture from the air system eventually becomes saturated and unable to perform that function
- 32. HYDROLASTIC SUSPENSION asystem where the front and rear suspension systems were connected together in order to better level the car when driving. The front and rear suspension units have Hydrolastic displacers, one per side. These are interconnected by a small bore pipe. Each displacer incorporates a rubber spring Damping of the system is achieved by rubber valves.
- 33. when thefront wheel encounter bumps ,the piston moves upwards pressurising the fluid to enter into the rear unit. Hydroelastic was eventually refined into Hydragas suspension.......
- 34. HYDROGAS SUSPENSION Knownas hydro-pneumatic suspension. The difference is in the displacer unit itself. In the older systems, fluid was used in the displacer units with a rubber spring cushion built- in. With Hydragas, the rubber spring is removed completely. The fluid still exists but above the fluid there is now a separating membrane or diaphragm, and above that is a cylinder or sphere which is charged with nitrogen gas. The nitrogen section is what has become the spring and damping unit whilst the fluid is still free to run from the front to the rear units and back.
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- 36. HELPER SPRING DIRECTLYMOUNTED ON MAIN SPRINGS TAKE CARE OF LARGE VARIATION IN SPRING LOAD DURING LIGHT LOADS ,ONLY MAIN SPIRNG IS ACTIVE , AS LOAD INCREASE TO A PARTICULAR FIXED VALUE , BOTH THE SPRINGS ARE ACTIVE
- 37. AIR ASSISTED HELPERSPRING LEAF HELPER SPRING