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Sustainability in Textiles
- 1. SUSTAINABILITY IN TEXTILES Presented by– Abhiniti Garg & Padmaja Miriyala
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- 3. Introduction to Sustainable Designand Sustainability Environmental sustainability is not just about protecting the environment; it is also about restoring the environment for future generations and has found its roots in every constituency of the functioning of a business.
- 4. Eco-fashion • Eco-fashion clothingcan be made with biodegradable or recycled materials. Alternatively, they can be made with organically grown cotton and corn fiber or using eco-friendly production processes such as natural dyes. • These eco-fashions support the principle of sustainable development by having minimum impact on the environment while making use of eco-labels and recycled materials in their processes; and by minimizing waste. • A good example of eco-fashions is RESTORE Clothing, a company that produces active wear using recycled material.
- 5. Sustainable Textiles Sustainable textilesare those produced in ethically responsible ways. Versatile cotton Alternatives – Hemp, Nettles, and Lotus Leather Alternatives – Apples, Mushrooms, and Pineapples (Pinatex) Breakfast staples – Coffee and Bananas Unusual Alternatives - Kapok, Kelp and Squid genes
- 7. Bio Mimicry • Biomimicryis an approach to innovation that seeks sustainable solutions to human challenges by emulating nature’s time-tested patterns and strategies. • The goal is to create products, processes, and policies—new ways of living—that are well-adapted to life on earth over the long haul.
- 8. Architecture We generally thinkof termites as destroying buildings, not helping design them. But the Eastgate Building, an office complex in Harare, Zimbabwe, has an internal climate control system originally inspired by the structure of termite mounds. Learning from termites how to create sustainable buildings
- 9. Communication Learning from dolphinshow to send signals underwater Tsunami waves dozens of feet high when they reach shore may only be tens of centimeters high as they travel through the deep ocean. In order to reliably detect them and warn people before they reach land, sensitive pressure sensors must be located underneath passing waves in waters as deep as 6000 meters.
- 10. Transport Learning from kingfishershow to break through boundaries Eiji Nakatsu, the Shinkansen 500 train’s chief engineer and an avid bird-watcher, asked himself, “Is there something in Nature that travels quickly and smoothly between two very different mediums?” Modeling the front-end of the train after the beak of kingfishers, which dive from the air into bodies of water with very little splash to catch fish, resulted not only in a quieter train, but 15% less electricity use even while the train travels 10% faster.
- 11. Medicine Learning from mosquitosto create “a nicer needle” Have you ever noticed a mosquito bite (or two or three) that seemingly appeared out of nowhere? It turns out that the tip of the mosquito’s mouth is composed of several moving parts that work into skin with the minimum of fuss–and the minimum of pain.
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- 13. Product Life Cycle Itdescribes the stages a product goes through from when it was first thought of until it finally is removed from the market. Not all products reach this final stage. Some continue to grow and others rise and fall. R&D before Sales STAGES OF PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
- 14. KYOTO PROTOCOL • TheKyoto Protocol is an international agreement, linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets. It aims to reduce carbon footprint i.e. reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the presence of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. • The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. • For example, when the agreement was finalized European Union (EU) members had a target of reducing emissions by 8% by 2012; the United States had a reduction target of 7%, and Canada's target was 6%
- 15. • The Protocolseparated countries into two groups: Annex I contained developed nations, and Non-Annex I referred to developing countries. • The Protocol placed emission limitations on Annex I countries only. Non-Annex I nations participated by investing in projects designed to lower emissions in their countries. • For these projects, developing countries earned carbon credits, which they could trade or sell to developed countries, allowing the developed nations a higher level of maximum carbon emissions for that period. • In effect, this function helped the developed countries to continue emitting GHG vigorously.
- 16. Ethics and GreenProcurement (Drivers of Environmental Sourcing and Sustainability) • Known as green or environmental purchasing, green procurement compares price, technology, quality and the environmental impact of the product, service or contract. • Green products or services utilise fewer resources, are designed to last longer and minimise their impact on the environment from cradle to grave. • Green procurement policies and programs can reduce expenditure and waste; increase resource efficiency; and influence production, markets, prices, available services and organisational behaviour.
- 17. Example Ikea • Ikea,a furniture and household goods retailer, has implemented a code of conduct for its 2,000 suppliers. • The code of conduct focuses on environmental impact and working conditions. An external body verifies information submitted by suppliers. If suppliers do not meet the code, they are requested to remedy the situation and if suppliers continually breach the code, they can be removed from Ikea's suppliers list. • The code includes a list of supplier do’s (waste and emission reductions, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals, recycling, etc) and dont’s (use of chemical compounds and substances banned or restricted by Ikea and source of wood).
- 18. Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) identifies, quantifies and evaluates the environmental impacts (inputs and outputs) of a product, service or activity, from cradle to grave. That is, the environmental impacts of all phases of the product's life are assessed, from the time materials are extracted through manufacture, transportation, storage, use, recovery, reuse and disposal.
- 19. Basic steps inLCA Goal & scope definition • Defines the purpose of the LCA, identifies assumptions and boundaries and defines the scope (that is, what processes, elements and activities associated with the product/process/activity will be assessed). Analysis • The impacts of energy, materials, emissions, etc are identified, classified and quantified. An inventory table listing all environmental impacts is one outcome of this process. Assessment • The environmental impacts of the product/process/activity are assessed. Interpretation • The results are interpreted or evaluated. Opportunities for environmental improvement identified and value judgments made. Products/services/activities are compared
- 20. Eco Testing ofTextiles Eco Testing of Textiles is the term for tests that examine and assess the properties of textiles that might pose threat to consumers or the environment. It is necessary because – • Corporate Social Responsibility • Protect consumers from harmful substances • Protect factory workers from harmful substances • Protect the environment and built a better world for tomorrow • Reduce production of harmful substances • Encourage innovation for green materials • Increase sales
- 21. Use of NaturalDye as Sustainable Products Natural dyes extract from a variety of the substance which occur in nature such as plants (e.g., indigo and saffron); insects (e.g., cochineal beetles and lac scale insects); animals (e.g., some species of mollusks or shellfish); and minerals (e.g., ferrous sulfate, ochre, and clay) without any chemical treatment Classification Substantive dyes: -The dyes, which dye the fibre directly, are classified as substantive dyes. Example: Indigo, Turmeric, Orchil. Adjective dyes: - These dyes dye the material only when it is mordanted with metallic salt or with addition of metallic salt to the dye bath. Example: Logwood, Madder, Cochineal, Fustic
- 22. Natural indigo isobtained by fermenting the leaves of various species of Indigofera, running off the liquor and oxidizing it to precipitate the dye. The main ingredients of natural indigo are Indigotin & Indirubin. Blue Dyes Obtained from Barberry, Tesu flowers and Kamala. Other sources of yellow dyes are Black oak, Turmeric, Weld and Himalayan rhubarb. Yellow Dyes The prominent among them are Madder, Manjeet, Brazilwood/Sappan wood, Al or Morinda, Cochineal and Lac dye Red Dyes
- 23. Applications • Natural dyeobtained from plants such as Black carrot, Hibiscus, Delonix, Plumeria, Combretum, Ixora, and Bischofia has been used for dying silk fabric. • Celosia, Nerium, Hollyhock, Hibiscus mutabilis, Caryatia, Tegetus, Rambutan, and Curcuma these plants are used for wool dying. • Henna - It is a red-orange pigment that has been used for the coloration of skin and hair as well as textile materials. • Users of natural dyed fabrics have also found such fabrics to be mosquito repellent and/or moth repellent. • Textiles produced in Kerala, India by dyeing with herbs as per the traditional Ayurvedic system of medicine and known as “Ayurvastra” have become very popular as health and well-being textiles and Natural Dyes: Sources, Chemistry, Application and Sustainability Issues 65 also as medicinal or curative textiles and are being exported to various countries.
- 24. Development of GreenComposites Green composite combines plant fibres with natural resins to create natural composite materials. Common natural fibers used are: banana, Flax, Hemp, Bamboo, Aloe Vera, Kenaf, Sisal, Coconut Coir, Rice Husk, Wheat Husk A composite is a material made from two or more different materials that, when combined, are stronger than those individual materials by themselves; are typically designed with a particular use in mind, such as added strength, efficiency or durability. Why do we need green composites? The resins and fibres used in the green composites are biodegradable, when they dumped, decomposed by the action of microorganisms. They are converted into the form of H2O and CO2. These H2O and CO2 are absorbed into the plant systems.
- 25. Advantages of Green Compositesover Traditional Composites Less expensive Reduced weight Increased flexibility Renewable resource Sound insulation Friendly processing No skin irritation
- 26. Disadvantages of Green Compositesover Traditional Composites Lower strength properties (especially impact strength) Good moisture absorption causing swelling of fibres Lower durability Poor fire resistance and irregular fibre lengths
- 27. Methods of Manufacturing Composites Filament winding Layup methods Resin transfer moulding Injection moulding Vacuum bonding Autoclave bonding
- 28. Automobile Bio-medical Construction EnergySports & Leisure PackagingConsumer Durables Natural fibers such as flax, kenaf, hemp, jute used in door panels, headliners, package trays, dashboards and trunk liners Bamboo fibers for floors, indoor and outdoor furniture, garden furniture, outdoor, doors and windows 1.Mobile Phone body made out of kenaf fibers 2.Biofurniture made of flax fibers Tissue engineering is to combine a biodegradable matrix (scaffold), living cells, and/or biologically active molecules to form a construct promoting the repair and regeneration of the targeted tissue Biodegradable single use packaging; chopsticks made of natural fibers From flax fiber composites for Snowboard, Ski-boards, Toys, & Musical Instruments Bamboo wind turbine blades to replace glass fibers in wind blades Applications
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- 30. GRUNER KNOPF-’GREEN BUTTON’ ‘Green Button’-World’sfirst Government sustainable textile standard-Germany The label is awarded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) to manufacturers who have passed the required examination procedure. The label combines social and ecological standards whose criteria and conditions are determined by the government.
- 31. PINATEX Piñatex® is aversatile natural textile, suitable for use as a leather alternative from fashion to furnishing. Being used for: Footwear, accessories, home furnishing, apparel
- 32. ADIDAS PARLEY SHOES Thisproduct is created with yarn made in collaboration with Parley for the Oceans. Some of the yarn features Parley Ocean Plastic™ which is made from recycled waste, intercepted from beaches and coastal communities before it reaches the ocean.
- 33. ECONYL • ECONYL® regeneratednylon is a product that can help you close the loop. Made from waste, it's infinitely recyclable and can unleash infinite possibilities for makers, creators and consumers. It's all part of the ECONYL® brand vision to make the world a better place by pioneering closed loop regeneration processes and delivering sustainable products. • Nylon waste from landfills and oceans around the world is transformed into ECONYL® regenerated nylon. It's exactly the same as brand new nylon and can be recycled, recreated and remoulded again and again. • That means you can create new products and buy new products without having to use new resources.
- 34. • Algae isa renewable and degradable aquatic organism, that can be turned into bio-fiber and environmentally friendly dye. • Algalife explores a holistic and sustainable development of new materials which positively affect both the environment and the human skin. • A bonus effect of wearing clothes made from algae apparel is that the fabric releases anti-oxidants, vitamins and other nutrients to the skin. Clothes that both look great and literally make you feel great. ALGALIFE
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