Sustainability project

Sustainability project

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  THE SUSTAINABILITYTHE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECTPROJECT ChapterIX Development and Social Change – A Global Perspective Philip McMichael Cornell University Burenjargal. B SungKongHoe University 2015.08.14
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  • Climate changeClimatechange • Stabilizing ecosystemsStabilizing ecosystems • Centrality of agricultureCentrality of agriculture • Feeding the worldFeeding the world • Global land grabGlobal land grab • BiofuelBiofuel • Green technologyGreen technology • Discussion questionsDiscussion questions CONTENTCONTENT
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  Environmentalist’s Paradox • Why,despite resource depletion and the degradation of ecosystems, is average human well-being improving globally? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YtYmbreq0g • More than ever before, the world’s SURVIVAL depends on developing a different set of international protocols.
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  UNFCCC – COP(the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) • NAPA (National Adaption Programme of Action) – LDCF , GEF, WB • CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) – Adaptation Fund • UN offset fund a. Initially targeted emission reductions b. Abused by chemical, wind, gas and hydro companies • As a result NO CHANGE in emissions CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE • “Global warming is no longer threat at all. It is our reality” • Climate change security concerns by individual state forms geopolitical power relations and woven into developmental policies
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  CITIES and CLIMATECHANGECITIES and CLIMATE CHANGE 70% of70% of emissions emissions 2 billion slum 2 billion slum dwellers by dwellers by2030 2030 Threats on Threats onbasic services basic services Physical risk Physical risk of climate of climate change change
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  THE STERN REVIEWand GRASSROOTS INITIATIVESTHE STERN REVIEW and GRASSROOTS INITIATIVES • DRR (1$ in DRR = 7$ in reduced damage) • Grassroots experience via resilience • Farmer-based strategy for Climate Change and adaptation • Local adaptive practices largely by women The report is prepared for the UK government. • WB projects maximum yield rather than resilience. • Preserving infrastructures - “Assistance”. • Force to adapt prescribed biotech • Peasant knowledge is not adaptive
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  Local wisdom -Yogurt and dairy (milk) products • Good for throat • Skin care • Beauty • Main meal for summertime • Rehabilitation to support immunization for kids • Use of cream
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  MA (UN -The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment) •Key findings:  Discounted local resilience and no significance on ecological base  Ecosystems are managed by poor by development agencies  WEF focuses on ecosystem with tension of business risk and profit loss •Suggestion  Use of relevant forms of knowledge and information in assessment and decisions making (inclusive of locals and women)  Effective ecosystem management “place-based” knowledge  Centrality of Agriculture to ecosystem management STABILIZING ECOSYSTEMSTABILIZING ECOSYSTEM Reduce carbon in the atmosphere and regenerate nature in the process. Rebuilding soil ofRebuilding soil of carboncarbon Expanding carbonExpanding carbon sink via agro-sink via agro- forestryforestry
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  IAASTD (In’l Assessmentof Agricultural Science and Technology for Development) •UN and World Bank sponsored. •Multifunctional role for agriculture in reducing poverty and issues. STABILIZING ECOSYSTEMSTABILIZING ECOSYSTEM Full cost accounting- Triple bottom line: Energy, Health and Environment al cost
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  FEEDING THE WORLDFEEDINGTHE WORLD Organic farming: •In global North produces 92% of conventional agr yield •In global South produces 80% more than conventional agr yield
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  THE AGRO-ECOLOGY PROJECTTHEAGRO-ECOLOGY PROJECT Criticism: Expensive and Great labor requirement
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  WB World DevelopmentReportWB World Development Report • New opportunities for transnational value-chain agriculture  Biotech fortified fertilizers  Supplemented Asian diet  Genetically modified seed • “Feeding the world” through GMOs • In contrast, successful witness of Organic agriculture including indigenous vegetables.  114 projects doubled of yields organic agriculture
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  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpqXVjUAM9 The Global LandGrabThe Global Land Grab Colonialism Land grabbing with food/energy/climate crises land offshore in the name of addressing food shortage and alternative energy
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  BIOFUELSBIOFUELS • Biofuels areenergy sources made from living things, or the waste with expectation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions HOPE ? • Productions and decisions are made in boardroom financial calculus • “Republic of Soy” – “Crime against humanity” & “Responsibly destroying the world’s peasantry • Heavily subsidized by governments for marketing expansion
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  BIOFUELSBIOFUELS
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  GREEN TECHNOLOGYGREEN TECHNOLOGY •In order to “solve” climate change issues and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in efficient and cost effective way, • Environmental markets were promoted which converted into “Green Capitalism”. • Cities are moving in this direction of the “greening”. • Key targets are alternative power resources:  Offshore wind project  Renewable power “super-grid”  Chinese firm Suntech Power, invented solar home system • China is a global leader in solar energy in over 80 countries. • Essential item “ENERGY” missed in the MDG https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GmmYJcfVr0
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  Thanks for your attention
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  1. How doesthe Sustainability Project set in your society? E.g. efforts on climate change, country diet, Biofuel issue, and green technology etc 2. What are positive and negative impact of “Green Technology” in your opinion? 3. What would be your personal contribution to in the sustainability project? DISCUSSION QUESTIONSDISCUSSION QUESTIONS
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  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YtYmbreq0g • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35cGlRPbDls