Sustainable utilization Concept approaches (economic, ecological.pdf

Sustainable utilization Concept approaches (economic, ecological.pdf

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  PRESENTED BY: Dr. NandadulalSannigrahi, Associate Professor, Department of Botany, Nistarini College, Purulia, D.B. Road, Purulia (W.B) 723101 INDIA
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   Over-exploitation ofnatural resources compromises the availability and fair distribution of resources and their associated benefits to the health of ecosystems and the livelihoods and wellbeing of people.  Decision-making processes need to be inclusive and respect the needs and ecological knowledge of women, Indigenous Peoples, and local communities.  Recognition and support should be granted to pre-existing sustainable practices at the local and regional levels, including by strengthening tenure rights and redistributing power in decision-making processes.  Governments should also develop extended producer responsibility and supply chain legislation; support technological innovation and technology transfer to enhance resource circularity; and guarantee green public procurement.  Thus, sustainability ensures the supply of natural resources not for the time being but for the future days ahead.
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   “The useof renewable resources should not exceed the regenerative rates of the resources.” And, “The use of non-renewable resources should not exceed the rate at which their renewable substitutes (if any) are created”. Criteria such as these all have one thing in common: they are virtually impossible to put into practice.  This does not mean that they are inaccurate or unusable. The problem is that they are too broadly formulated, too abstract and too simple to take account of the actual complexities of resource use.  Contemporary responses to questions about sustainable use of natural resources usually give too little attention to the problem of exactly what natural resources are. Most works that deal with the subject do not consider how sustainable resource use might be achieved in a particular spatial context, and few attempt to define the precise meaning of “sustainable”.
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   Brutland ReportSupported 12 major priorities , necessary to “sustain human progress in to the distant future” as follows:  Slow rate of population growth,  Reduce poverty, inequality and debt in the developing world,  Make agriculture sustainable.  Protect forests and habitats and curb loss of species,  Protect ocean and coastal resources,  Protect fresh water quality and improve water efficiency,  Increase energy efficiency,  Develop renewable energy resources,  Limit green house gases and other pollutants,  Protect the stratospheric ozone layers,  Reduce wastes,  Shift military spending to sustainable development.
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   The 2030agenda for sustainable development adopted by the members of united nations on 2015 for the peace and prosperity of the people and the planet for the sake of the sustainable future.  It has pointed out 17 goals to achieve this mission for sustainability.  The SDGs are being treated as global partnership to end poverty and other deprivations with the adoption of strategies to improve health and education, reduction of inequality and to spur economic growth by addressing climate change and the preservation of oceans and seas-the most productive ecosystem both for tangible and intangible values.  The 17 SDGs are as follows-  No poverty-  Zero hunger-  Good health and well being-  Quality education-  Gender equality-
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   Clean waterand sanitation-  Affordable and Clean energy-  Decent work and Economic growth-  Industry, innovation and infrastructure-  Reduced inequalities-  Sustainable cities and communities-  Responsible consumption and production-  Climate action-  Life below water-  Life on Land-  Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions-  Partnerships for the Goals.
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   Economic sustainabilityrefers to practices designed to create the long-term economic development of a company or nation while also managing the environmental, social, and cultural aspects of its activities. It is about balancing economic growth and generating profit with the impact on the environment and people.  Economic sustainability is incorporated into the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a set of 17 interlinked goals which provide a road map for countries and governments to create long-lasting and sustainable growth. Social aspects can involve such issues as respect for human rights, following fair labor practices, and gender equality. Environmental aspects include responsible consumption, and protecting the air and water from pollution.  The main goal of economic sustainability is to create a balance between economic growth and the development of positive change for the environment and humanity.  E.S works towards the concept to provide all people with the resources necessary to live a satisfying life – such as helping to provide affordable housing, sufficient salaries, good working conditions such as providing paid time off (PTO) and childcare, and regular access to public transportation.
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   Economic sustainabilityis important for a business because it cannot achieve long term growth if it exhausts natural or human resources. Business today can no longer harm the environment or their communities to deliver ongoing economic growth, because to continue to do so creates conditions that destabilize the context in which the business operates.  Businesses are increasingly embracing the health of the environment and people as part of their money-making strategies.  In addition to the benefit to the long-term future of the planet, economic sustainability delivers many advantages to business. For example, it helps them assess their operations to monitor things like energy waste, which leads to savings.  And by enacting better social practices, companies avoid turnover and have a more productive staff. Being an economically sustainable business can help win contracts from clients and governments, and can increase customer loyalty.
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   Technology isbecoming a driving force in helping companies achieve economic sustainability by making it easier to monitor their operations and engage with customers.  The most common are Climate change targets calling for reduction of harmful C02 emissions by a certain date, and gender and inclusion programs calling for non-discriminatory hiring and compensation practices.  Another widespread example of economic sustainability is a simple one: Recycling- Stores and businesses are increasingly offering recycling services to their customers. Chains like Best Buy and Staples offer recycling of used home appliances. Clothing brands such as H&M, Levis and MacDowell offer discounts for donated clothes.  Other examples are not widespread but are becoming more common. Micro farming or urban agriculture on small urban plots of land is a way to reduce local economic growth while reducing the stress of food production on the environment. Rooftop solar power is now available to middle- and lower-income families.
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   Ecological sustainabilityis defined as the maintenance or restoration of the composition, structure, and processes of ecosystems including the diversity of plant and animal communities and the productive capacity of ecological systems (219.36).  Ecological sustainability is the functioning of Earth’s systems, working together across all ecosystems to regulate the planet. This includes climate systems, air, water, land, soil, biodiversity (of species and habitat), and ecosystem services (pollination and photosynthesis).  Water, air, land, biodiversity, and ecosystem services are all central to ecological sustainability. To reach sustainability, systems should be free of pollutants, protected from erosion, have a controlled climate, and maintain healthy levels of nutrients, salinity, and particulate matter.  To reach ecological sustainability, the production of goods and services must not ruin ecosystems past their ability to function and recuperate.
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   Maintaining ecologicalsustainability is important for the function of systems on the planet. Humans reap countless benefits from the sustainability of the Earth, many of which we could not live without.  Ecological sustainability also protects the planet from the overuse of resources. Resources like wood, water, and land area for human consumption must be monitored and tracked over time to ensure that humans do not dwindle resources past recovery.  Humans also reap the benefits of environmental sustainability on an intrinsic level, meaning benefits on a spiritual, recreational, and intellectual level. Health benefits of spending time in nature include lower risks for heart disease, increased well-being, lower risks for high blood pressure, and can aid in mental health struggles.  Without ecological sustainability, nutrient cycling, protection from pollutants, mitigations of drought, etc. can not be exercised for the sake of the forthcoming generations.
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   Ecological sustainabilitycan actually be measured within a given area, like a forest, national park, etc.  Most researchers looking to measure the ecological sustainability of an area use the SAFE method or Sustainability Assessment by Fuzzy Evaluation. This method is comprehensive and accounts for various aspects of ecological functioning, including air quality, health, biodiversity, population, water quality, economic welfare, and land integrity, among other indicators.  Besides the anthropocentric ecological sustainability that basically emphasizes adapting human activity to the long-term sustainability of nature, serving human interest, Ecological sustainability can also be seen as maintaining the climate system’s self-regulation. This aspect emphasizes the interaction and feedback between different components of the climate system. This views support Gaia hypothesis that advocates the evolution of life on the earth regulates and maintains the conditions that are suitable for the organisms.
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   Socio-cultural sustainabilitymeans preserving and celebrating local cultures—including beliefs, practices and traditions—in the host destination.  Social and cultural sustainability is the way we as a nation ensure the wellbeing of our community by recognizing, developing and sustaining basic human needs like human rights, equality, health, culture and religion now and into the future.  The principle of social sustainable development is striving to create the conditions for well-being for everyone, from one generation to the next. People’s well-being is a prerequisite for their commitment to promoting ecological sustainability.  A socially sustainable approach fosters community, justice and equality. It means equal rights for all in the areas of education, health, food and safety. Cultural sustainable development guides us to preserve cultural diversity, appreciate differences and understand the importance of one’s own culture.
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   The Socio-culturaldevelopment includes social institutions, class structure, beliefs, values, accepted patterns of people’s behavior and customs of people along with their expectations.  Components of Socio-cultural environments comprises of attitudes, values and beliefs, religion, language, education, social institutions, class structure and business culture.  IMPACTS OF SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTS  Changing preferences- Styles and understanding customers priorities and to adopt the values from the past can lead to long term success,  Demography- Proportion of genders, racial, religious ethnic groups and impacts on the business to be addressed,  Advertising technique-To focus on culture, religion for better market opportunity,  Workforce diversity- Understanding and accepting the different people working together,  Customs and superstitions- To address these issue although appears minute and feeble an the context of modernity,
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   Socio-cultural sustainabilityis especially significant in vernacular architecture. It is the result of collective experience and knowledge that generation after generation has offered a sustainable response to the architecture of each place and society.  Preservation of cultural landscape-Cultural landscape shaped by the human being because he understands that this action on the natural landscape also adds value to the environment. Its preservation is vital because it represents an example for the society of the present and for future generations of a reasonable use of the territory  Transfer of constructive cultures-it also means talking about the preservation of culture because it is still a reflection of the way of life of a society. Preserving constructive traditions, then, means preserving the culture of a territory, and with it, the identity of a people.  Promotion of ingenuity and collective intelligence-In the words of Professor Guillaud, "social and cultural heritage demonstrates a high level of ingenuity in regard to the use of resources and their prudent use." 
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   Recognition ofintelligible values- Intangible cultural heritage refers the practices, expressions, knowledge or techniques transmitted by communities from generation to generation. Intangible heritage provides communities with a sense of identity and continuity: it favors creativity and social welfare, contributes to the management of the natural and social environment and generates economic income. Numerous traditional or indigenous knowledge are integrated, or can be integrated, in health policies, education or management of natural resources. (UNESCO 2003)  Promotion of social cohesion- It addresses the social characters that is designed by and for the people in search of common good.
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   The hugegrowth of population, the persistence of poverty, the collapse of society, the geographic expansion of population , the loss of soil-all these negative trends require to be controlled.  The solution of the aforesaid problems are the concept of sustainability,  The sustainability can be expedited by the adoption of measures in three fields mainly to address economic sustainability, environmental sustainability and socio-cultural sustainability,  The people’s participation along with the intended training garnished with the combination of art and sciences are essentially solicited in this global issue.  The delicate balance between tangible and intangible resources are the most important guiding factors in this concept of sustainability.  The promise and pleasure are the important issue that to be readdressed properly.
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   ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:  Googlefor designing and developing the contents,  Different on-line materials to enrich it,  https://sdgs.un.org/goals  DISCLAIMER:  This PPT has been developed to enrich the online course contents to address the academic fraternity and students without any kind of financial interest. The author does not claim any money from this resource.