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SymbioCity Sustainability By Sweden
- 1. sustainability by sweden get more for we kno w less how! The Swedish experience in urban development The Swedish experience in urban development 1
- 2. SymbioCity promotes holisticand sustainable urban development – finding potential synergies in urban functions and unlocking their efficiency and profitability. 2
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- 4. Introduction Welcome to SymbioCity Symbiosisin a city A Swedish trademark Sustainability: Symbiosis means the integra- SymbioCity reflects all Swedish everywhere, always tion of organisms in a mutually knowledge and experience in As the Brundtland Commis- beneficial union. In Sweden, we approaching sustainability. sion* put it, sustainability is have been focusing on holistic Several hundred Swedish con- “development that meets the city planning for 50 years. For sultants, contractors and sys- needs of the present without us, symbiosis means finding tem suppliers are organised in compromising the ability of synergies between urban tech- various networks dedicated to future generations to meet their nology systems that save natu- spreading the vision of sustain- own needs.” ral resources and cost less. able urbanism and making the * The Brundtland Commission, distance to implementation as formerly the World Commission short as possible. We all share on Environment and Develop- the SymbioCity approach. ment (WCED), convened by the United Nations in 1983. World of cities SymbioCity… Urbanisation is closely tied to … puts into practice a holistic economic and cultural develop- approach for sustainable urban ment. The majority of the world’s development primarily based 6.9 billion people already live in primarily on experiences and or near cities. This exponential best practice. All aspects of large-scale urban growth has sustainability should be con created a pressing need for sidered. more holistic planning and … uses an integrated approach governance of city develop- where different fields of action ment. These challenges were will be coordinated and com- the reason why the Swedish bined in an optimal way. government and the Swedish Trade Council launched a con- … offers a concept which is cept for sustainable city devel- adaptable to different develop- opment at the World Summit ment levels of cities and towns on Sustainable Development as well as different planning in Johannesburg 2002. situations. 4
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- 6. Background How should urban growthbe managed? World challenges City life Decision time While ecological footprints World population will likely Faced with these diverse chal- come in many sizes, we are all rise to 9 billion by 2050. In 20 lenges, city governments are leaving our mark on the planet. years, as many as 60% of the eager to take action. Today, city The environment is under obvi- human population will live in mayors all around the globe are ous and increasing stress to cities. Cities already represent a planning for sustainable urban which every economy contrib- major share of the consumption development and future human utes. The main challenge areas of non-renewable resources, life. The challenges are enor- are well known: water supply, produce large amounts of waste mous, but the benefits even food supply, transport systems, and pollute our air and water. greater. Policy options range waste disposal; and threats to City leaders are increasingly from consumer behavior to fauna and flora. Not to mention aware of the needs of the large infrastructure invest- the problem of climate change future: free mobility, clean air ments. Never before have urban and the carbon dioxide emis- and water, waste recycling, technologies in harmony with sions that stem from almost any smart energy consumption, citizens offered such promising human economic activity. Spe- spatial planning for green areas, opportunities. It is time for new cialists in ecosystem research and biological diversity in urban decisions. have shown how different envi- environments. ronmental aspects depend on each other. The depletion of natural resources in most of the world today is a serious threat to our standard of living. Traffic is an obvious major source of air pollution and car- bon dioxide emissions but is not alone in straining urban envi- ronments. Fossil fuel con- sumption for heating and low energy efficiency in buildings also adds to the challenges we face. 6
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- 8. Our experience Sustainability by Sweden Pioneers Private and public In the 1950s and 1960s you Sweden was an early starter in Sustainable growth is a shared wouldn’t even dip a toe in the sustainable thinking. As early as responsibility. Strict environ- polluted waters around Stock- the 1960s, Sweden recognised mental legislation and rules holm. Swimming and fishing that the rapid loss of natural provide guidance for develop- were of course forbidden. resources had to be confronted. It ing and preserving green cities. Today, swimmers are every- took a leading role in organizing The successful cooperation where, and fishing in central the first UN conference on the between local, regional and Stockholm is popular. environment – held in Stockholm national authorities and private in 1972. In the 1970s Sweden was industry – as well as the crucial the most oil-dependent country involvement of the public – has in the industrialized world, but helped to turn ideas of sustain- following the oil crisis in 1973, ability into reality. made tremendous efforts to find new sources of energy, create new ways to insulate buildings and develop automatic energy saving systems. In 1996–2008 Swedish carbon dioxide emissions fell by 18% GNP while GNP increased by 45%. Linking environmental perfor- mance to economic perfor- mance is both necessary and fruitful. CO2 1995 2008 8
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- 10. Think green save money le eatab unb rs! offe 10
- 11. SymbioCity will helpyou n cut life cycle costs of system investments … n cut maintenance costs … n improve living satisfaction … n increase property values … n use land more efficiently … n reduce air pollution, noise and vibrations, harmful substances, polluted water, sewage and waste … n cut carbon dioxide emissions … … for home, industrial, commercial and office areas … for any city, block, house or household … for both small and large-scale implementations … for planning, building and renovation 11
- 12. The Concept Value fromcombinations Get more for less Long term gains With a social A multi-disciplinary The most important word in SymbioCity is all about the dimension approach SymbioCity is value. How to get life cycle cost – the long-term To ensure a successful and Sharing information is crucial more for less. By integrating benefits of investments. In a appreciated investment, the to a cost-efficient and smooth different urban technology sustainable city, maintenance citizens should be involved process. Municipalities, public solutions, we create synergies costs tend to be lower thanks early in the process, through authorities, universities, insti- that increase resource efficiency, to forethought and better information, education and tutes, private companies and optimise recovery and reuse planning, resulting in lower communication. In the Symbio other networks can come – and saves money. Cleaner air, life cycle investment costs and City view, social and economic together to share knowledge, reduced noise, improved water better returns. factors are as important as the skills, and organizational mus- quality and a safer living envi- ecological and technical – the cle. Questions of legislation and ronment makes people happier recognized ultimate goal being its implementation, of decision- with their housing – which in health, comfort, safety and making, transparency, and turn increases property value. maximum quality of life for all accountability are addressed citizens. and answered. No more landfills! In Sweden, less than 20% of household waste is deposited as landfill. In Stockholm, 75% of all waste is collected for recycling or use as fuel. For household waste, this figure is 95%! Organic waste from restaurants and grocery shops as well as from households, toilet waste, sludge from septic tanks or waste water treatment plants – all of it can be used to produce biogas. The digested biogas contains methane, which can be used for heating and electricity production or, after refining, as fuel for transportation. fro wast m e fuel! to 12
- 13. The building blocks Anintegrated planning approach is key to unlocking hidden synergies in the city. Why manage urban sectors one by one? Instead, let SymbioCity combine them, saving valuable city resources and creating new values. Clockwise, from top: n Urban functions (housing, industries, services) n Waste management n Energy n Landscape planning n Architecture and master planning n Traffic and transport n Water supply and sanitation The symbiosis in SymbioCity Combine industrial Combine waste waste heat with the management and municipal energy heat production plant – cut energy – get a new power production costs in industry! re! half! the Combine architec- Combine waste ture and landscape water treatment planning – let sun- and traffic systems shine and shading – get biofuel for lower heating and public transport! cooling costs! 13
- 14. THE LAYOUT Making urbansystems communicate Information and n Smart logistics can save n With smart monitoring, communication transportation fuel as well as buildings and factories can storage space, electricity and become highly energy efficient. Information and Communica- heating. tion Technologies (ICT) is an n Involvement creates respon- important part of SymbioCity. n Digitalized communications sibility. Maintain an open dia- It’s all about easily accessing, reduces the need for some logue with stakeholders about analyzing and sharing vital transport altogether. public projects before and after information in and between implementation. n Smart power grids avoid peak all urban systems and parties loads, save electricity, and make n Defined systems for measuring – including the public. ICT use of multiple energy sources. and evaluating city functions increases resource efficiency in are crucial for mayors’ decisions. both the short and long term, which will ultimately reduce CO2 emissions across the board. 14
- 15. Scalable and easyto modify Region, city, district, building or household? Depending on your needs and The most efficient solutions are not always resources you can use the SymbioCity approach at different scales: For brand the most high-tech. This simple matrix shows new city areas or for renewals of existing urban districts. To found a new, waste management and recycling in different state-of-the-art, large scale, ultramodern high-tech district. Or to help you scales and degrees of technology advance- create a single system or building that can serve as a touchstone – driving ment. The SymbioCity approach can be used interest in sustainable urban development – so that a district or a city can be on any level, independently of project size, developed step by sustainable step. SymbioCity adapts to your unique situation! technology level or budget. SMALL MEDIUM LARGE HIGH TECHNOLOGY LEVEl Automated waste collection Automated waste collection system Automated waste collection network for a single house SMALL MEDIUM LARGE MEDIUM TECHNOLOGY LEVEl Composting and recycling solutions Recycling centre Recycling network SMALL MEDIUM LARGE LOW TECHNOLOGY LEVEl Individual composts Private collectors Collection network 15
- 16. Carbon down! Thumbs up! s cces ! su ies stor 16
- 17. A few Swedishshowcases SymbioCity in practice master planning Hammarby by-the-sea, a model district In the 1990s, plans were made to build Hammarby Sjöstad in a former brownfield area of wharfs and docks. Today, it boasts attractive housing for several thousand Stockholmers. By 2018 the area will have approximately 11,000 apartments, 25,000 inhabitants and 10,000 work- places. The “Hammarby model” has set a new world standard for future sustainable housing development, with its integrated planning approach. n A system based approach to architecture and planning of energy efficient housing n Automatic underground waste collection systems n Solar-powered hot water and electricity n Biogas from household sewage water and waste n Collection and filtration of runoff water n Super-efficient buildings, triple glazed windows, green roofs, etc. The investments have been proven environmentally successful: 40% less environmental stress 50% less eutrophication 40% less ground-level ozone 25% less water consumption 17
- 18. heating energy District heating – energy hero Smart electricity Stockholm From December to March, the household boilers. When the A smart grid applies digital times it can turn off selected temperature is below freezing plants also provide electricity technology to monitor and appliances to reduce demand. in many parts of Sweden. – so-called combined heat and control all electricity, to save The technology can also feed That’s why “district heating” power – a 90% degree of energy energy, reduce cost and small scale energy production has become our energy hero. efficiency is possible. District increase reliability. When into the main grid, to make District energy systems pro- heating plants are also much power is least expensive the use of it where it’s needed at duce steam or hot water at a cleaner: in Umeå, 99.5% of sul- user can allow the smart grid the time. Today, Stockholm central plant. The steam or phur and particles are filtered to automatically turn on is planning for a smart grid water is then piped under- out. Incineration works well selected home appliances, system in Stockholm Royal ground to individual buildings with most fuels, including bio- such as washing machines, Seaport – an area that will within a designated area. This mass and waste from house- or factory processes that can house 25,000 inhabitants provides 50% of the house- holds, construction industry run at arbitrary hours. At peak when completed in 2025. holds with an ideal indoor cli- and forestry. It has been calcu- mate. District heating is far lated that if the European Union more efficient than traditional reached the same level of dis- Oscar Properties / Herzog de Meuron individual household heating trict heating as Sweden, the and thus releases much less Europeans could overshoot carbon dioxide. Thanks to dis- their carbon dioxide reduction trict heating, total Swedish targets four times. carbon dioxide emissions have District heating environmental fallen by 25% since the 1970s. performance, since 1980: A district heating system can 70% less carbon dioxide easily increase energy efficiency 95% less SO2 by 50% compared to individual 80% less NOX 18
- 19. cooling The big chill Sometimeswe like it cold. On ground to supply customers hot days, business productivity with cold water from adjacent is much higher in air-condi- rivers or lakes. But it can also tioned offices. Hospitals ben- be produced from sewage efit enormously from effective water or sludge. Compared to climate control. Using essen- individual household air-con- tially the same technology as ditioning, district cooling low- district heating, cities can cre- ers carbon dioxide emissions ate district cooling systems. by 60%. On smaller scales, District cooling has massive innovative companies provide advantages over individual system solutions for both cool- solutions. For one thing, it is ing and warming, using solar often produced in the form of technology combined with free cooling via a closed distri- extremely efficient small scale bution system laid in the heat exchangers. biogas Biogas from waste Biological waste and waste biogas train is also in process. water can easily be turned into There is little waste in the biogas. In Linköping, one process. After fermentation municipal gas company offer- to gas, the bio-manure is used ing biogas for vehicles now has as an agricultural nutrient, 7% of the local fuel market. reducing the use of artificial A full scale project with a local fertiliser. energy saving No heat lost There is enormous potential in waste heat. Thanks to a waste heat recovery – in har- detailed energy assessment nessing the heat energy from and large investments in new waste that would otherwise be technology, the company now lost. In Iggesund, in the cold uses a greater part of waste north, a large paperboard fac- heat from the industrial pro- tory has cut its fossil fuel con- cesses as a source for the whole sumption by 75% by using plant and all its buildings. 19
- 20. housing A change forlife From triple glazed windows to sources are household appli- hot water economy, all the ances and the residents’ own buildings in new districts are body heat. But you can also optimized using a life cycle cal- renovate sustainably. Near culus of maintenance costs. Gothenburg, a suburban area Many new designs use insula- from the 1970s has recently tion techniques that allow for been refurbished. The energy, so-called passive energy build- electricity and water savings water Clean waters ings, where the only heating are all well above 30%. community We spent more than three niques have now become so decades cleaning Lake Mälaren sophisticated that even house- Sustainable safety from household wastewater, industrial pollution and traffic hold wastewater can be a resource for drinkable water There is much to be gained by and that local people should be runoff. Water treatment tech- production. aiming for both a safe and involved in the change process attractive environment. The to inspire confidence in the Gothenburg area of Gårdsten development. Soon the figures used to be a rundown 1970s took a new direction. Shortly SymbioCity is an all suburb. When the city decided after the renovations, empty Swedish approach, and on a total makeover, 40% of apartments dropped to zero, business cases around apartments were short of ten- crime rates went down by the world testify to the ants and unemployment and 40%, and the number of local success and adaptability crime rates were at national businesses rose eightfold. of Swedish solutions for record levels. It was clear that Today, Gårdsten is an interna- a sustainable urban e development. er th all ov rld! social solutions and urban plan- tional model of sustainable ning had to go hand in hand social development. wo 20
- 21. Check our offers!Swedish companies have delivered their solutions around the globe, both high-tech and low-tech. Find your right partner or supplier, read more about our cases or simply play the SymbioCity Scenarios game. Enjoy www.symbiocity.org 21
- 22. Checklist A few inspiringideas traffic and urban water supply building transport functions and sanitation design n Assess public transport n Locate industry correctly with n Water and drainage utilities n Plan for rainwater collection facilities between out-of-the- regard to prevailing wind direc- and waste collectors need to during the planning and con- way areas and city centres, tion for improved public health. cooperate to prevent dumping struction process. commercial and industrial of waste and septic sludge in n Cut energy demands for cool- n Consider designing multi areas, and site new residential collectors for storm water and/ ing of industries and offices purpose buildings in urban areas where it is favourable or wastewater. through passive and energy areas to facilitate mixed use of from a transportation and producing building techniques. n Drinking water sources are both housing and small-scale public infrastructure viewpoint, often polluted by wastewater, business activities within the to minimise costs for transport n Let energy utilities and indus- sludge and toilet waste. Allow service sector. This reduces and connections to energy and try cooperate to cut peak loads cooperation between water need for private transportation. water supply systems. in order to make energy supply supply and sanitation authori- more reliable. n Reduce energy demand, n Waste utilities, private actors ties. energy supply needs and operat- and traffic planners can develop n Minimize industrial waste and n Water supply and treatment ing costs by specially designed plans for how to make waste swap hazardous substances for and wastewater plants should walls, roofs and floors (insula- transportation efficient. less hazardous ones through be managed in a way that tion, space and design of win- collaboration between environ- n Minimise the need for trans- decreases energy demand. dows, etc.). mental and waste authorities. portation by private car and n Health education and hygien- n Careful building design in motorcycle through collabora- n Combat environmental prob- ic practices, included in water relationship to the surrounding tion between public transport, lems “upstream.” Improve supply and sanitation authority landscape. Topography, vegeta- industry and urban planners. incoming water quality at operations, can mitigate water- tion and related factors are wastewater treatment plants n Utilize synergies between borne diseases. important to the micro-climate, through cooperation with land-use, traffic and transpor- in turn influencing energy industry. tation to achieve good logistics demand, the diffusion of air pol- for public transportation in n Combine urban planning, lution, comfort level due to sun order to minimize transporta- building design, production exposure, sun shading or wind tion energy consumption as processes and equipment, exposure for cooling winds in well as air pollution and noise. introduced in early decision- summertime or wind protection making phases, to diminish in wintertime, etc. n Manage storm water in coop- industrial demands for cooling. eration with road department n Make entrances to buildings and water utilities. easily accessible from bicycle and walking paths, and include parking lots for bicycles. n Let green roofs attenuate storm water flow and contrib- ute to cooling. 22
- 23. landscape waste planning management energy n Develop alternative solutions n Fermentation of biodegrad- n Let forestry authorities, and ideas for integrated land able waste, septic sludge or nature conservation authorities use and green areas, traffic/ wastewater sludge may be a and energy planners/utilities transportation and infrastruc- feasible option for small-scale cooperate to stop deforestation tural planning. energy production. Gas may be around a city. utilized for heating purposes or n Purify water bodies through n Let municipal utility depart- to produce vehicle fuel. systems connected to recre- ments cooperate to identify ation and biodiversity. Integrate n Clearly allocate responsibility energy-saving opportunities for green areas and the attenuation for dry toilet waste, septic the city. of storm water by developing sludge and other types of waste n Let the energy sector spread attractive open ponds and in cities where the waterborne knowledge of potential hazards ditches. sanitation system is limited and in cooking or heating with dan- sanitation is an issue for the n Redevelop old waste dumps gerous fuels. They may be able waste collection services. for ecological and recreational to contribute alternative, energy purposes. n Incinerate waste with strict efficient solutions. environmental controls. n Use green areas to help n Use combined heat and power school children understand n Digest biodegradable waste, systems for waste incineration. ecology and the environment. septic sludge or wastewater for small-scale energy production. n Reduce air and water pollu- Utilize biogas for heating pur- tion with green areas. poses or vehicle fuel. n Coordinate green wedges and n Make waste transportation green corridors with pleasant efficient by collaboration paths for bicycling and walking. between waste utilities, private actors and traffic planners. n Design buildings and their immediate surroundings with regard to the source separation and collection of waste – for example by facilitating waste management centers on the ground floors of multi-family housing. 23
- 24. SymbioCity is aninitiative by the Swedish Swedish Trade Council Government through The Swedish Trade Telephone +46 8 588 660 00 Council, in the aim for sustainable urban E-mail [email protected] development worldwide. Website www.symbiocity.org For an update on cases and news, stop by www.symbiocity.org ! amazing 24