Synthesis of important alkaloid

Synthesis of important alkaloid

• 1.
  SYNTHESIS OF IMPORTANT ALKALOIDS
• 2.
  ALKALOID Alkaloids means alkalilike. Mostly nitrogenous compounds isolated from plants. Alkaloids are medicinally very important molecules. There are many medicinally important alkaloids such as morphine,ephedrine,papaveri ne, cocaine etc.
• 3.
  CLASSES OF ALKALOIDS •Indole alkaloids: (strychnine, lysergic acid, ergotamine) • Isoquinoline alkaloids: (papaverine ) • Morphinan alkaloids: (isoquinoline gr.) (morphine, codeine, thebaine •Tropane alkaloids: (atropine, hyoscyamine, cocaine, scopolamine ) •Pyridine alkaloids: (nicotine) •Piperidine alkaloids: (piperine, coniine coniine ) • Quinoline alkaloids: (quinine ) •Purine alkaloids: (caffeine , theobromine , theophylline ) •Non-heterocyclic alkaloids: ephedrine, Mescaline
• 4.
  INDOLE ALKALOID: (ERGOTAMINE)
• 5.
  Isoquinoline alkaloids: PAPAVERINE
• 6.
  Morphinan alkaloids: (MORPHINE)
• 7.
  BIOSYNTHESIS OF TROPANE ALKALOIDS •Tropane is formed by the condensation of Pyrrolidine compound with 3 acetate derived carbon atoms. • The Pyrrolidine ring is formed from amino acid ornithine. • The remaining 3 carbon atoms are derived from acetate and methylation results in the completion of the tropine nucleus. • The 3-hydroxy derivative of tropane is called tropine.
• 9.
  PYRIDINE ALKALOID(NICOTINE) • A nitrogen-containingchemical – an alkaloid, which is made by several types of plants, including the tobacco plant. • It is made in the roots and accumulates in the leaves of the plant. • Nicotine is a stimulant drug. • Nicotianatabacum is the type of nicotine found in tobacco plants, which comes from the nightshade family. • Nicotine is also an antiherbivore chemical, specifically for the elimination of insects.
• 10.
  SYNTHESIS OF NICOTINE
• 11.
  PIPERIDINE ALKALOIDS: (PIPERINE)
• 12.
  QUINOLINE ALKALOIDS: (QUININE)
• 13.
  Purines are derivativesof a heterocyclic nucleus consisting of a six-membered Pyrimidine ring fused to a five-membered Imidazole ring. Purines are Psudo alkaloids (Are not derived from amino acids but have nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring) Purine alkaloids
• 14.
  xanthine theophyillinecoffeine theobromine Purine alkaloids They are all methyl derivatives of xanthine.
• 16.
  Alkaloids derived from phenylalanine •EPHEDRINE, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE :- • It consists of dried young stem of Ephedra gerardiana and Ephedra nebrodensis. • It contains the amino alkaloids : Ephedrine, nor-ephedrine, n-methyl ephedrine, pseudo- ephedrine. • Uses: it is used in Asthma, hay fever, flu, cold medications.
• 17.
  Biosynthesis of Ephedrine