Taipei 101

Taipei 101

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  TAIPEI-101 Technology Art InnovationPeople Environment Identity Group members:  Sheraz Mehmood  M. Noman Tariq  Ruth Emmanuel
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  Introduction TAIPEI-101, formerly knownas the Taipei World Financial Center – is a landmark supertall skyscraper in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. The building was officially classified as the world's tallest in 2004 and remained such until the completion of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai in 2010. In 2011, the building was awarded the LEED platinum certification, the highest award according to the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system and became the tallest and largest green building in the world. At one point it had the fastest elevator in the world, traveling at 60.6 km/h (37.7 mph) and transporting passengers from the 5th to 89th floor in 37 seconds. Construction on the 101-story tower started in 1999 and finished in 2004. The tower has served as an icon of modern Taiwan ever since its opening. The building was architecturally created as a symbol of the evolution of technology and Asian tradition. Its post-modernist approach to style incorporates traditional design elements and gives them modern treatments. The tower is designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes. A multi-level shopping mall adjoining the tower houses hundreds of stores, restaurants and clubs. 2004 to present, fireworks launched from TAIPEI-101 feature prominently in international New Year's Eve broadcasts and the structure appears frequently in travel literature and international media. TAIPEI-101 is owned by Taipei Financial Center Corporation.
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  Project charter:  Projectpurpose Build the tallest skyscraper in the world incorporating the state of the art technology as an ionic prestige for Taiwan civilization  Deliverables: Constraints:  Property  Permit  Design& engineering  Materialprocurement  Construction  Human resource  Natural disasters  Geographyenvironment  Government permits  Technologyinnovation  High altitude work hazard  Time  Budget  Quality Scope: In scope Out of scope  Property acquisition  Permit and license  Design and engineering  Material procurement  Construction  Human resource  Inspection  Utility  Facilities  Research  Simulation and analysis  Landscape Marketing Office management Building maintenance Tourism advertisement Mass media publicity
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  Height TAIPEI-101 comprises 101floors above ground, as well as 5 basement levels. It was also the world's tallest building from March 2004 to 10 March 2010. As of 28 July 2011, it is still the world's largest and highest-use green building. Upon its completion, TAIPEI-101 was the world's tallest inhabited building, at 509.2 m (1,671 ft) as measured to its height architectural top (spire), exceeding the Petronas Towers, which were previously the tallest inhabited skyscraper at 451.9 m (1,483 ft). The height to the top of the roof, at 449.2 m (1,474 ft), and highest occupied floor, at 439.2 m (1,441 ft), surpassed the previous records of 442 m (1,450 ft) and 412.4 m (1,353 ft), respectively; the Willis Tower had previously held that distinction. It also surpassed the 85-story, 347.5 m (1,140 ft) Tuntex Sky Tower in Kaohsiung as the tallest building in Taiwan and the 51-story, 244.15 m (801 ft) Shin Kong Life Tower as the tallest building in Taipei. TAIPEI-101 claimed the official records for the world's tallest sundial and the world's largest New Year's Eve countdown clock. Various sources, including the building's owners, give the height of TAIPEI-101 as 508 m (1,667 ft), roof height and top floor height as 448 m (1,470 ft) and 438 m (1,437 ft). Structural design TAIPEI-101 is designed to withstand the typhoon winds and earthquake tremors that are common in the area east of Taiwan. Evergreen Consulting Engineering, the structural engineer, designed TAIPEI-101 to withstand gale winds of 60 meters per second (197 ft/s), (216 km/h or 134 mph), as well as the strongest earthquakes in a 2,500-year cycle. TAIPEI-101 was designed to be flexible as well as structurally resistant, because while flexibility prevents structural damage, resistance ensures comfort for the occupants and for the protection of glass, curtain walls, and other features. Most designs achieve the necessary strength by enlarging critical structural elements such as bracing. Because of the height of TAIPEI-101, combined with the surrounding area's geology—the building is located just 660 ft (200 m) away from a major fault line—TAIPEI-101 used high-performance steel construction and 36 columns, including eight "mega-columns" packed with 10,000 psi (69 MPA) concrete. These features, combined with the solidity of its foundation, made TAIPEI-101 one of the most stable buildings ever constructed. The foundation is reinforced by 380 piles driven 80 m (262 ft) into the ground, extending as far as 30 m (98 ft) into the bedrock. Each pile is 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter and can bear a load of 1,000–1,320 tones (1,100–1,460 short tons). During construction, on 31 March 2002, a 6.8-magnitude earthquake rocked Taipei; two construction cranes from the 56th floor, the highest floor at the time, toppled. Five people died in the accident, but an inspection showed no structural damage to the building, and construction soon resumed RWDI designed a 660-tonne (728-short-ton) steel pendulum that serves as a tuned mass damper, at a cost of NT$132 million (US$4 million). Suspended from the 92nd to the 87th floor, the pendulum sways to offset movements in the building caused by strong gusts. Its sphere, the largest damper sphere in the world, consists of 41 circular steel plates of varying diameters, each 125 mm (4.92 in) thick, welded together to form a 5.5 m (18 ft) diameter sphere. Two additional
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  tuned mass dampers,each weighing 6 tonnes (7 short tons), are installed at the tip of the spire which help prevent damage to the structure due to strong wind loads. On 8 August 2015, strong winds from Typhoon Soudelor swayed the main damper by 100 centimeters (39 in) – the largest movement ever recorded by the damper
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  Symbolism The height of101 floors commemorates the renewal of time: the new century that arrived as the tower was built (100+1) and all the new years that follow (1 January = 1-01). It symbolizes high ideals by going one better on 100, a traditional number of perfection. The main tower features a series of eight segments of eight floors each. In Chinese- speaking cultures the number eight is associatedwith abundance, prosperity and good fortune. At night the bright yellow gleam from its pinnacle casts TAIPEI-101 in the role of a candle or torch upholding the ideals of liberty and welcome. From 6:00 to 10:00 each evening the tower's lights display one of seven colors in the spectrum. The colors coincide with the days of the week: Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Color Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Purple
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  History Construction TAIPEI-101 near theend of construction during 2003, showing the concrete tower at the top still incomplete. The height of the building was still 449.2 meters at the time. Planning for TAIPEI-101 began in July 1997 during Chens term as Taipei mayor. Talks between merchants and city government officials initially centered on a proposal for a 66-story tower to serve as an anchor for new development in Taipei's 101 business district. Planners were considering taking the new structure to a more ambitious height only after an expat suggested it, along with many of the other features used in the design of the building. It wasn't until the summer of 2001 that the city granted a license for the construction of a 101-story tower on the
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  site. In themeantime, construction proceeded, and the first tower column was erected in the summer of 2000 A major earthquake took place in Taiwan during 31 March 2002 destroying a construction crane at the rooftop, which was at floor number 47. The crane fell down onto the Xinyi Road beneath the tower, crushing several vehicles and causing five deaths – two crane operators and three workers who were not properly harnessed. However, an inspection showed no structural damage to the building, and construction work was able to restart within a week TAIPEI-101's roof was completed three years later 1 July 2003. Ma Ying-jeou, in his first term as Taipei mayor, fastened a golden bolt to signify the achievement the formal opening of the tower took place on New Year's Eve 2004. President Chen Shui-bian, Taipei Mayor Ma Ying- jeou and Legislative Speaker Wang Jin-pyng cut the ribbon. Open-air concerts featured a number of popular performers, including singers A-Mei and Stefanie Sun. Visitors rode the elevators to the Observatory for the first time. A few hours later the first fireworks show at TAIPEI-101 heralded the arrival of a new year Chronology Important dates in the planning and construction of TAIPEI-101 include the following Date Event 20 October 1997 Development and operation rights agreement signed with Taipei City government. 13 January 1999 Ground-breaking ceremony. 7 June 2000 First tower column erected. 13 April 2001 Design change to 509.2 m height approved by Taipei City government. 13 June 2001 TAIPEI-101 Mall topped out. 10 August 2001 Construction license awarded for 101 stories.
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  31 March 2002 Partiallyconstructed building survives 6.8 magnitude earthquake undamaged. 13 May 2003 TAIPEI-101 Mall obtains occupancy permit. 1 July 2003 TAIPEI-101 Tower roof completed. 17 October 2003 Pinnacle placed. 14 November 2003 TAIPEI-101 Mall opens.[2] 15 April 2004 Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) certifies TAIPEI- 101 as world's tallest building. 12 November 2004 Tower obtains occupancy permit. 31 December 2004 Tower opens to the public.[2] 1 January 2005 First New Year fireworks show begins at midnight.
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  Developments The Taipei FinancialCenter Corporation (TFCC) announced plans on 2 November 2009 to make TAIPEI-101 "the world's tallest green building" by summer of 2011 as measured by LEED standards. The structure is already designed to be energy-efficient, with double-pane windows blocking external heat by 50 percent and recycled water meeting 20–30 percent of the building's needs. LEED certification would entail inspections and upgrades in wiring, water and lighting equipment at a cost of NT$60 million (US$1.8 million). Estimates show the savings resulting from the modifications would pay for the cost of making them within three years. The project was carried out under the guidance of an international team composed of Siemens Building Technologies, architect and interior designer Steven Leach Group and the LEED advisory firm Eco Tech International. The company applied for a platinum-degree certification with LEED in early 2011. On 28 July 2011, TAIPEI-101 received LEED platinum certification under "Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance". It displaced the Bank of America Tower in Manhattan as the world's tallest and highest-use green building in addition to the Environmental Protection Agency building in Florida as the world's largest green building. Although the project cost NT$60 million (US$2.08 million), it is expected to save 14.4 million kilowatt-hours of electricity, or an 18 percent energy-saving, equivalent to NT$36 million (US$1.2 million) in energy costs each year. In 2012, the shopping center at the base is expected to be remodeled.