Tbn the right oil for the right application lubrizol-2007

Tbn the right oil for the right application lubrizol-2007

• 1.
  TBN: The rightoil for the right application © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved
• 2.
  Convergence of MarketDrivers • The introduction of tighter emissions legislation will result in new engine oil requirements • Engine oils will be required to deliver performance in – Extended durability and – Fuel economy and – Emissions • Convergence of these drivers results in an increase in the performance requirement for an engine oil 2 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved
• 3.
  Focus on Durability TBNis a Key part of a balanced approach to Lubricant Formulating Industry Specifications – JASO DH-1 – replacement of CD+, 10TBN limit – focus on controlling piston deposits OEM specifications – Cummins 20078 – 10TBN limit – concern over neutralization of EGR related gasses. – VW – Minimum TBN levels in PCMO oxidation test – Minimum TBN levels for DC Used Oil TBN • OEM condemnation thresholds • Specifications – Scania 3 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved Corrosion of EGR Valve
• 4.
  What is TANand TBN ? The quantity of base (TAN) / acid (TBN), expressed in mg of KOH /g of sample that is required to titrate a sample, dissolved in a specified solvent to a specified end point. What are the sources of acids in an HD engine? •Sulfuric acid derived primarily from the fuel. Nitric •Nitric acid derived from the interaction of NOx with H2O from the combustion process. •Organic acids derived from the oxidation of partial combustion products of the fuel. Organic acids derived from oxidation of the lubricant. and from hydrolysis of a fuel borne component as in the case of a vehicle powered by a bio-diesel derived fuel. What are potential sources of base to neutralize the acids? •Primarily the alkali metal carbonate and hydroxide from the detergents used in the lubricant. •Additional sources of base come from the dispersant and aminic antioxidants. 4 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved
• 5.
  How do wemeasure TAN? • ASTM D664 Total acid number – commonly used for a measurement of oil degradation in the field and engine testing. • “This test method covers procedures for the determination of acidic constituents in lubricants in mixtures of toluene and propan-2-ol”. How do we measure TBN - D2896 method? • ASTM D2896 Alkalinity Value – Commonly used for measurement of fresh oils. • This test method covers the determination of basic constituents in lubricants by titration with perchloric and acetic acid. How do we measure TBN - D4739 method? • ASTM D4739 Total Base Number – Commonly used for measuring oil degradation in the field • 5 This test method covers the determination of basic constituents in lubricants by titration with hydrochloric acid in an isopropanol, toluene, chloroform and water mixture. © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved
• 6.
  Addition of acidsto a prototype CJ-4 lubricant • In a simple titration experiment sulfuric, nitric and acetic acids (to represent organic acid) were added separately to a lubricant. • Sufficient acid was added to separate sample containers in amounts to nominally reduce the D4739 TBN by 25, 50, 75 and 100%. • The TBN of the resultant blends was measured using the ASTM D2896 and ASTM D4739 methods 6 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved
• 7.
  TBN depletion profileby ASTM D2896 for a CJ-4 prototype oil using different acids. 9 D2896 TBN mg KOH/g 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 New oil 25% depletion Sulfuric acid treated 50% depletion Nitric acid treated 75% depletion 100% depletion Acetic acid treated Note that the ASTM D2896 method is only showing a response to the addition of sulfuric acid 7 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved
• 8.
  D4739 TBN mgKOH/g TBN depletion profile by ASTM D4739 for a CJ-4 prototype oil using different acids. f 8 eo typ 7 o ly t t f s ren 6 n eo fe if atio se dif ul l v 5 sef ser spon u Ob ne 4 s re . rmi d e aci ods det f 3 s o meth e to e t v urc en ser ing. 2 e t so rem N r ceiv n TB de 1 fere easu n Dif m y o very l • 0 BN g sole n be T New oil 25% 50% 75% 100% lyin oil ca depletion depletion depletion depletion Re ine • ng eSulfuric acid treated Nitric acid treated Acetic acid treated Note that the ASTM D4739 method is showing a response to the addition of nitric and sulfuric acids 8 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved
• 9.
  Field trial –Euro III vehicles using an API CH-4 quality lubricant and nominally 350 ppm S fuel © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved
• 10.
  Euro III CompliantBuses….API CH-4, MB228.3 10.2 TBN 12.0 D2896 TBN or D664 TAN 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Kilometers D2896 -1 10 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved D2896 -2 D2896 -3 D664 - 1 Vehicles started test with < 50,000km service D664 -2 D664 -3
• 11.
  Euro III CompliantBuses….API CH-4, MB228.3 10.2 TBN 12.0 D4739 TBN or D664 TAN 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Kilometers D4739 -1 11 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved D4739-2 D4739 -3 D664 - 1 Vehicles started test with < 50,000km service D664 -2 D664 -3
• 12.
  Euro III CompliantBuses….API CH-4, MB228.3 10.2 TBN 12.0 D2896 or D4739 TBN 11.0 and it esults N Test R gher initial TB f the Field 10.0 o hi terval has a in D2896 er the drain y 9.0 ured b stant ov s and it N mea ost con N • TB alm itial TB e trial n s 8.0 lower i rval of th remain a 9 has rain inte 3 trial crossby D47 er the d to 7.0 asured ively ov closer e e TBN m progress 739 ar l. 4 • d by D es duc interva sure a 6.0 n re BN me d of the drai T N and s the en T • 5.0 A toward o0ver 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Kilometers D2896 -1 12 D2896 -2 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved D2896 -3 D4739 - 1 D4739 -2 Vehicles started test with < 50,000km service D4739 -3
• 13.
  Why be concernedover TBN ? • Although diesel fuel sulphur has reduced over time there still needs to be a focus on TBN – TBN is not just used to neutralize fuel related acids.e.g. consider oxidation as well. Detergents have other functions e.g. piston cleanliness. – Concerns over alternate fuels. – Very visible to end users – Concern over damage to Brand Image. • Careful consideration should being given to TBN management 13 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved
• 14.
  FUEL DILUTION ANDLUBRICANTS Biodiesel ULSD •Fuel Quality is expected to deteriorate in the next 5 years as demand for China and India continues. •Bio diesel is expected to grow by 7.5 million MT by 2011. •Fuel quality will affect lubricant performance. 100 ULSD / BIODIESEL LUBRICANT OXIDATION TAN Inc*10 / KV Inc. ULSD 80 Fuel Dilution Biodiesel 60 40 20 0 TAN 14 B5 from tank KV 100 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved Biodiesel concentration from lower volatility in cylinder and in sump (equivalent B30 or higher)
• 15.
  Conclusions 1 • Thereare a number of sources of acids that might impact the performance of the lubricant. The relative concentration of these will depend on fuel, duty cycle, temperature, emissions compliance and lubricant formulation. • The measurement of these acids can be achieved using a number of established techniques including ASTM D2896 and ASTM D4739. The latter, based on laboratory studies appears to capture TBN depletion from more of the acids that can be found within the combustion environment. • Neither method captures TBN depletion from all of the sources of acids that might impact the lubricant. 15 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved
• 16.
  Conclusions 2 • Theinclusion of bio-diesel fuel components into the diesel pool is a growing trend globally. • The measurement of organic acids or hydrolysis products from such components is not captured as TBN depletion using the currently available ASTM D2896 and ASTM D4739 methods. • Proper formulation of a lubricant can achieve the desired performance taking into account all of the requirements with regard to acid control, soot/viscosity control, wear, oxidation, shear stability, materials compatibility and compatibility with any exhaust after-treatment. 16 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved