Techniques for measuring ammonia emissions through manure management systems

Techniques for measuring ammonia emissions through manure management systems

• 1.
  Techniques to measureNH3 emissions from animal houses Mechanically ventilated animal housing  Use of INNOVA or NOx analyzer and ventilation sensors  Passive flux samplers placed in the ventilation shafts of the animal house Naturally ventilated animal housing  The internal tracer gas ratio method  Flux frame method  Use an atmospheric plume dispersion model, together with measurements of downwind NH3 concentrations (Gaussian plume model) Animal houses with outside yards for the animals  Fast box measurement system  Combination of a backward Lagrangian stochastic model and line- concentrations measured with an open-path tunable diode laser
• 2.
  Techniques to measureNH3 emissions from manure storage  Static flux chamber system with internal gas recirculation  Fast box measurement system  Closed dynamics chamber with inlet and outlet air exchange and measurement of ventilation rate  Passive samplers with mast surrounding the manure storage
• 3.
  Techniques to measureNH3 emissions after manure application in the field Micrometeorological techniques  Mass balance  Eddy correlation  Gradient methods  Backward Lagrangian stochastic model  Equilibrium concentration technique Enclosure techniques  Static chambers  Dynamic chambers Controlled release ratio techniques  Tracer gas ratio  Fast box measurement system