Temperate Cyclones
- 1. Mid-latitude Cyclone Temperate / Mid-latitude Cyclone Click here for playlist The different types of Air Masses and fronts. Areas where Temperate Cyclones form. Conditions necessary for their formation. The stages of development. Cross sectional diagrams and weather conditions. Characteristics of Temperate Cyclones. Reading and interpreting Satellite Images. Scoop It
- 2. Kinds of Air Masses • Tropical – Warm air – Low air pressure • Polar – Cold air – High air pressure • Maritime – Forms over oceans – High humidity • Continental – Forms over land/continents – Dry air/low humidity
- 3. MID LATTITUDE CYCLONES: CONCEPTS WARM FRONT COLD FRONT
- 4. What happens when air masses meet? The junction between two different air masses is called a front. A front is associated with a change in the weather. Cold air follows a cold front. Cold air pushes under the warm air, producing strong winds and heavy rain. Warm air follows a warm front. Warm air rises over cold air, usually producing clouds and rain. Depressions (low pressure systems) form when a cold air mass meets a warm air mass.
- 5. Cold Front • Rapidly moving cold air runs into slowly moving warm air, and the cold air slides under and pushes the warm air upwards • As the warm air rises, it cools, forming clouds and releasing heavy rain or snow • Quickly moving, can cause abrupt weather changes
- 6. Cold Front 1. 2. 3. 4. Cold air advances into the warm air, forcing the warm air the rise. Cold air is heavier than warm air, thus the warm overruns the cold air. Slope is 1:100, i.e. the frontal surface rise 1 km in height over 100 km distance on the ground. Intense precipitation over shorter period of time compared to warm front.
- 7. Warm Front • A warm air mass collides and with slowly moving cold air mass, and the warm air moves over the cold air • Can cause showers, light rain, and fog for several days
- 8. Warm Front 1. 2. 3. 4. warm air advances, pushing the cold air to retreat. Cold air is heavier thus more difficult for the warm air to displace. Slope is 1:200, i.e. the frontal surface rise 1 km in height over 200 km distance on the ground. Light-to-moderate rain over large area for an extended period.
- 9. Cold Front and Squall Line This is a cold front seen from space. Due to the rapid lifting of warm air by the advancing cold air, a sharp line of cumulonimbus clouds can occur, called the squall line.
- 10. Stationary Front
- 11. Occluded Front • A warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses • The warm air mass is pushed upwards by the two denser cooler air masses • Weather may turn cloudy and rainy or snowy
- 12. Occluded Front Cold Front Occlusion Cold Front Occlusion
- 13. Occluded Front Cold/ Warm Front Occlusions
- 14. Stationary Front • Occurs when cold and warm air masses meet, but neither one has enough force to move the other • Water vapor in the air condenses into rain, snow, fog, or clouds for many days
- 15. What happens to the weather when the air masses meet? Depressions (low pressure system) form when a cold air mass meets a warm air mass. The junction between these two different air masses is called a front. A front is associated with a change in the weather.
- 16. What happens at fronts? A warm front means that warm air is coming. At a warm front, warm air is rising over cold air. This usually produces clouds and rain. A cold front means that cold air is coming. At a cold front, cold air pushes under the warm air. This produces strong winds and heavy rain.
- 18. Label the LP, cold front, cold sector, warm sector, direction of movement, direction of rotation.
- 19. MID-LATITUDE CYCLONE AND HURRICANE TRACKS Where do Mid-latitude Cyclones occur?
- 20. CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES Two High Pressure systems are in contact at the polar front. The warm, subtropical high pressure contains a warm, moist maritime air mass. The polar high pressure contains a cold, dry air mass. The air flow converges from opposite directions on the two sides of the polar front. Disturbances on the polar front result in an unstable situation, creating a local low pressure into which air will flow and around which air will circulate.
- 21. Formation of a Temperate / Mid-latitude Cyclone Click on the red labels find out more! Source: http://www.boardworks.co.uk/
- 22. MIDLATITUDE CYCLONE: DEVELOPMENT 1 INITIAL STAGE 2 DEVELOPMENT STAGE 3 MATURE STAGE 4 OCCLUSION FAMILY OF CYCLONES source: http://sageography.myschoolstuff.co.za
- 23. Mid-latitude Cyclone Several factors can disturb the front and cause it to form a “wave” (1) Frictional drag between the 2 air masses. (2) Temperature contrast between land and sea masses. (3) Air is disturbed because it flows over an uneven surface e.g. a mountain. Figure 8.14
- 24. Stages of a Temperate / Mid-latitude Cyclone
- 25. MID-LATITUDE CYCLONE: DEVELOPMENT Describe what happens in the Initial Stage. 1 INITIAL STAGE 2 DEVELOPMENT STAGE Describe what happens in the Development Stage.
- 26. MID-LATITUDE CYCLONE: DEVELOPMENT 3 MATURE STAGE 4 OCCLUSION Describe what happens in the Mature stage. Describe what happens in the Old Age / Occlusion stage.
- 27. Passage of a Temperate / Mid-latitude Cyclone Source: http://www.boardworks.co.uk/
- 28. Depressions – the changing weather! Source: http://www.boardworks.co.uk/
- 29. Passage of a depression Source: http://www.boardworks.co.uk/
- 30. Cross section through a cold and warm front
- 31. Cross section through a cold and warm front After the cold front passes (See no. 7) 6 deg During the warm sector (See no. 4) 2) As warm front Weather passes (See no. 3) conditions 16 deg 6 deg C Temperature 994 hPa 992 hPa 994 hPa Pressure Cumulus Sratus Nimbostratus Cloud type Light showers Drizzle or no rain Rain Precipitation Go into editing mode and fill in the missing information!
- 32. Cross section through a cold front
- 33. Cross Section through a Mid-latitude / Temperate Cyclone Source: http://www.boardworks.co.uk/
- 34. WEATHER CHANGES COLD FRONT Cold front NW Wind SW Wind Warm front source: http://sageography.myschoolstuff.co.za
- 35. Cross section through a cold and warm front
- 36. WEATHER CHANGES: COLD FRONT Movement of cyclone •SW-wind •Lower temp •Denser cloud cover •Precipitation •Lower Pressure Cold Sector source: http://sageography.myschoolstuff.co.za •NW-wind •Higher temp •Few/no clouds •Little /no precipitation •Higher Pressure Warm Sector LP Cold Sector
- 38. Weather conditions associated with the passage of a front Describe the weather conditions that will be experience by Temperature: Pressure: Cloud cover: Precipitation: Wind direction: Wind speed: in the next 24 hours.
- 40. Describe how the wind direction changes when it Backs:
- 41. Change in wind direction with the passage of a cold front What is the wind direction at A, X, Y and Z? Temperate Cyclone Occluded Front
- 42. Characteristics of a Temperate Cyclone! Complete the following details! Go into editing mode to do so. Originate (Latitude): Movement (direction): Rotation: Wind belt: Diameter: Weather: Life Cycle: Caused by: