George W. Bush served as President from 2001-2009. Some key events included passing large tax cuts totaling over $1.3 trillion, launching the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq in response to 9/11, and enacting education and Medicare reforms. However, Bush's presidency was also challenged by hurricanes like Katrina, a rising national debt, and the 2008 financial crisis and recession. By 2009, the U.S. budget deficit had reached $1.4 trillion and the national debt totaled over $10 trillion.