KEMA - Frits Verheij
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This document discusses energy storage for energy consumers. It discusses: 1) The balancing act of energy storage as renewable energy sources and distributed generation increase. 2) Applications of energy storage at various levels from bulk to community to consumer. 3) How energy storage enables growing needs for flexibility as demand and supply become more variable. 4) Practical examples that show the value of energy storage for renewables integration, system operations, transmission and distribution, and end use.
KEMA - Frits Verheij
- 1. Energy storage for energy consumers Matchen van wensen en mogelijkheden DutchPower symposium over Energieopslag Frits Verheij, 10 mei 2011
- 2. Energy storage for energy consumers 1. The balancing act of energy storage 2. Applications of energy storage at various levels 3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility 4. Practical examples show value of energy storage 2
- 3. Focus in the energy market is changing … Affordable I II 3
- 4. … but how to keep the ‘triangle’ in balance? With billions of energy consumers, having different needs … … which might change during the energy transition phase? 4
- 5. The balancing act of energy storage Increase of (varying) RES + DG Fuel shift due to electrical vehicles, Ageing assets (grids + power plants) heat pumps, etc. Demand Supply Coupling of electricity, heat (and Increase of luxury resulting in higher cold), and transportation peak loads Increasing dependency on delivery Energy management Physical Market Storage facilities (electricity, heat, gas) integrated at home/offices/… Increase of energy trading, e.g. on More need for preventing grid the balancing market overloading, voltage support, Uncertainty of dealing with energy frequency control, PQ storage in a regulated market 5
- 6. Electricity networks of the future including energy storage 6
- 8. Energy storage for energy consumers 1. The balancing act of energy storage 2. Applications of energy storage at various levels 3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility 4. Practical examples show value of energy storage 8
- 9. Energy storages at three levels in the electric power system Bulk Storage Community Scale Above 50 MW, e.g. 25-100 kW devices sited on the low Pumped Hydro & CAES side of the distribution substation Generation Utility Scale 250 kW to 2 MW modules with an emphasis on renewables and ancillary services 9
- 10. Electricity storage system ratings 10
- 11. Suitability of technologies for single applications Technology Pumped D-CAES A-CAES Hydro- NaS Flow Lithium-Ion Lead-Acid Hydro gen Maturity ++ + 0 -- + - + ++ Arbitrage Balancing Suitable Pooling Mechanisms needed Black-start e.g. via Smart Energy Flexibility of thermal power plants Application Islanding T&D-Deferral Industrial peak shaving Residential storage Economically Economically Cost Reduction Data Source: Attractive Mid-Term Attractive Necessary BCG and EASE 11
- 12. Applications at community scale Transportation – Plug-in hybrid vehicles – All electric vehicles Consumer products – Refrigerator / freezer – Boilers – Power tools – Mobile phones 12
- 13. Energy storage at three levels – part 2 Large scale Medium scale Small scale • Boiler • Heat and cold storage • Soil heat exchange Heat • Mass of buildings • Geothermal e-storage • Thermo-chemical storage • Phase change material •… •… •… Electricity • Battery • CAES • Battery • Flywheel • Pumped hydro • Flywheel • Super capacitor • … •… •… • Gas-field Gas • Gas tank storage • Gas tank storage • Gas grid •… •… •… 13
- 14. Energy storage for energy consumers 1. The balancing act of energy storage 2. Applications of energy storage at various levels 3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility 4. Practical examples show value of energy storage 14
- 15. More flexibility is needed, some options 1. Fast controllable centralized power generation, including curtailment of e.g. wind power 2. Increase interconnection capacity 3. Smart ‘local’ energy, i.e. integration of DG, demand response, and active participation of end-users 4. Energy storage 15
- 16. Energy storage adds value to energy sector Renewables: System operations: Decoupling demand Frequency control and supply Spinning reserve Absorb unpredicted Trade & Power Generation: Balancing fluctuations Control / load following Control and Energy management integration Peak generation Load levelling T&D: End use (industry) : Asset management UPS / Ride Through / Shut down Voltage control Peak shaving Power quality Optimization of energy purchase Grid stability by load shifting Reactive power 16
- 17. Some Remarks Storage has the ability to provide more than one service and can therefore (potentially) benefit from more than one revenue stream The main competitor for energy storage is not a gas turbine or another storage system but the realization of demand side management (DSM) Markets & Regulations don’t lead but follow, so timing is important The early bird catches the worm! 17
- 18. Which, where, when, what? Questions that need to be answered: Which type and size of storage is required? Where on the network should storage be installed? When should the storage system be charged / discharged? What are the costs and benefits? Network ? Demand and DG ? Storage ? 18
- 19. There is no one answer Storage systems can be applied for many different purposes The optimal location, type and size of storage system to be used depends on many factors The more functions the storage system needs to fulfill, the more complex the decision making process Modeling can support this process, demonstration can show the practical value 19
- 20. Large-scale Energy Storage in NL 1. The balancing act of energy storage 2. Applications of energy storage at various levels 3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility 4. Practical examples show value of energy storage 20
- 21. Introduction of GROWDERS Grid Reliability and Operability with Distributed Generation using Transportable Storage EC funded under 6th Framework Programme Goal: To demonstrate the technical and economical possibilities of existing electricity storage technologies – Realization of Transportable Flexible storage systems – Realization of an Assessment tool for optimal distribution network management – Description of conceptual directions for EU regulatory framework 21
- 22. GROWDERS – Test sites Test Site A Test Site B Test Site C Test Site D Location Chambery Zamudio Zutphen Mannheim Country France Spain Netherlands Germany Storage technology Li-ion battery Li-ion battery Flywheel Li-ion battery + Flywheel Energy Rating 40 kWh 40kWh 0.9kWh 40 kWh + 0.9 kWh Max. Power Rating 50kW 10kW 160kW 10kW, 50kW, 160kW 22
- 23. Electrical model in PowerFactory Roelofs 45.41 kW 12.09 kvar 0.97 Point of overload MS rail 4 10.00 1.00 0.00 45.41 12.09 2.71 Koppeling Trf 392 Link 402 -45.41 45.41 -45.41 -11.93 11.93 -11.93 67.82 67.82 67.82 Sectie Kast 1 0.40 Sectie Kast 2 0.40 LS RAIL 4 0.40 1.00 1.00 1.00 -150.20 -150.20 -150.20 11.15 15.09 12.97 6.19 2.86 4.23 3.11 1.73 16.63 22.64 19.27 9.29 Link 1 Line 226 (Paars) Line 73 (Groen) Line 3 (Blauw) Line 39 (Roze) Link 4 Link 403 -11.15 -15.08 -12.97 -6.19 10 x 5kWh batteries -2.86 -4.22 -3.11 -1.73 16.63 22.64 19.27 9.29 GE HKL 0.40 1.00 -150.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 Term81 Term142 Term177 Term276 Term174 Term191 Term158 Term336 Term257 Term216 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.07 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.06 STOR_005 STOR_006 STOR_007 STOR_008 STOR_009 STOR_010 STOR_011 STOR_012 STOR_013 STOR_004 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 -0.73 STOR_001 STOR_002 STOR_003 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 -1.02 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 V V V V V V V V V V VDC STOR_004 VDC STOR_005 VDC STOR_006 VDC STOR_007 VDC STOR_008 VDC STOR_009 VDC STOR_010 VDC STOR_011 VDC STOR_012 VDC STOR_013 2 x 180kWh batteries 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 B3 B12 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 x 0.83kWh flywheel B1 0.00 0.00 B2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 V V V F1 GROWDERS flywheel VDC STOR_001 VDC STOR_002 VDC STOR_003 23
- 24. Test site Bronsbergen (Zutphen) 24
- 25. Results of test at Bronsbergen (Zutphen) Positive Flywheel system passed all tests All initial problems – like communication problems – have been solved Flywheel and inverter did work well Harmonic compensation worked perfectly Reactive power supply was OK Islanding mode worked perfect Negative Noisy system Power losses of the system 25
- 26. PowerMatching City (part of INTEGRAL) A living lab Smart Grid demonstration Sponsors: 26
- 27. Full Concept Smart Grid Solution 27
- 28. Smart Appliances - Freezer 28
- 29. Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance 29
- 30. Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance 30
- 31. Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance 31
- 32. Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance → Surplus of Solar Power Results in low Price 32
- 33. Response of HHP systems (buffer levels) 33
- 34. Response of HHP systems(buffer levels) Reponse of HHP systems (buffer levels) 34
- 35. Response of HHP systems (buffer levels) → With a surplus of Solar Power the Hybrid Heat Pumps Switch on 35
- 36. Response of mCHP systems (buffer levels) 36
- 37. Response of mCHP systems (buffer levels) 37
- 38. Response of mCHP systems (buffer levels) → Buffers follow the Price Signal Correctly 38
- 39. Energy storage for energy consumers Thank you for your attention Frits Verheij T +31 26 356 2445 [email protected] www.kema.com