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Tetralogy of fallot
- 1. By- Gursimrat SinghChhabra Department of Anatomy Aiims Rishikesh Moderator- Dr. Vivek Mishra
- 2. Learning Objectives Definition Causes and Risk Factors Symptoms Clinical Examination and Investigation Treatment
- 3. Definition Rare conditioncaused by a combination of 4 heart defect that are present at birth which include- 1. Pulmonary Stenosis 2. Ventricular Septum Defect 3. Overriding of Aorta 4. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- 5. Risk Factors Poormaternal nutrition Viral illness during pregnancy Parent having tetralogy of fallot Children born to mother with Polyketonuria Presence of down syndrome
- 6. Causes Abnormality ofthe conotruncal region Unequal division of the conus resulting from Anterior displacement of conotruncal septum. Defect in bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus.
- 7. Sign and Symptoms Cyanosis Shortness of breath Clubbing of fingers Poor weight gain Tiring easily Irritability
- 8. Tet Spell Babieswith TOF suddenly develop deep blue skin, nails and lips after crying or feeding. They instinctively squat when they are short of breath to increase blood flow to the lungs.
- 9. Clinical Examination General- 1.Central Cyanosis 2. Clubbing Palpation- 1. Systolic thrill Auscultation- 1. Single S2 2. Pansystolic Murmur 3. Ejection click
- 10. Investigation ECG- Signof Right Axis Deviation Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- 11. Chest X-Ray-Boot shaped heart
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- 13. Treatment For CyanoticSpell- 1. Knee Chest position 2. Morphine sulphate 3. Vasoconstrictor 4. Oxygen therapy 5. Normal saline 6. Beta blockers
- 14. Surgical Method ModifiedBlalock Taussing Shunt- Subclavian Artery – Pulmonary Artery anastmosis Pott’s Shunt- Descending Aorta – Pulmonary Artery anastmosis Waterston Shunt- Ascending Aorta – Right pulmonary Artery anastmosis
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- 18. Patent Ductus Arteriosus Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition wherein the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth.
- 19. Ectopia Cordis Failureof the embryo to close the ventral body wall.
- 20. Aortic Valvular Stenosis Narrowing of the aortic valve opening. Only pinhole opening remains Blood flow restricted L V Aorta
- 21. References Langman’s Medicalembryology- 13th edition www.myoclinic.org www.teachmepeadtrics.com www.eclinicalwork.adam.com www.ultrasoundlink.net www.radiopedia.org
Editor's Notes
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