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Textile effulent treatment, Waste water treatment
The document discusses the treatment of textile effluent water. It notes that textile processing uses many chemicals that pollute the wastewater, making it high in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Primary treatment methods are outlined to remove solids and organic matter from the wastewater through physical processes like screening, sedimentation, and chemical coagulation. This reduces the total suspended solids (TSS), COD, and BOD by around 50-60% to produce effluent water that is safer to release back into the environment.
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Presentation by Syeda Aelya Shah, Roll# 36.
Textile wet processing results in high BOD and COD. Chemical processing leads to 70% of pollution.
Key waste parameters include pH, heavy metals, and COD. High COD is a significant concern.
Four levels of treatment: Preliminary, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary are essential for effective wastewater management.Tertiary treatment removes residual solids. Neutralization adjusts pH; chemical coagulation and mechanical flocculation enhance solid removal efficiency.
Results post-primary treatment show significant reductions: BOD (25%), COD (60%), and TSS (50%). Improvements in effluent quality are documented.
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Textile effulent treatment, Waste water treatment
- 1. MADE BY: SYEDA AELYASHAH ROLL# 36
- 2. REASONS OF TEXTILEEFFLUENT Wet processing of textiles involves, in addition to extensive amounts of water and dyes, a number of inorganic and organic chemicals aid in the dyeing process to impart the desired properties to dyed textile products. Natural impurities such as waxes, proteins and pigment. Other impurities used in processing such as spinning oils, sizing chemicals and oil stains present in cotton textiles, are removed during desizing, scouring and bleaching operations. This results in an effluent of poor quality, which is high in BOD and COD load.
- 3. WHY WASTE WATERNEEDS TO BE TREATED? Out of various activities in textile industry, chemical processing contributes about 70% of pollution. Due to the nature of various chemical processing of textiles, large volumes of waste water with numerous pollutants are discharged. These streams of water affect the aquatic eco-system in number of ways such as depleting the dissolved oxygen content or settlement of suspended substances in anaerobic condition, a special attention needs to be paid.
- 4. DIFFERENT TYPE OFWASTE GENERATED Appearance Ph Color Heavy Metal Suspended Solid Total Dissolved Solid Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Oil & Grease Surfactant
- 5. NATURE OF WASTEGENERATED AT EACH STEP High COD
- 6.
- 7. Preliminary Treatment It involvesremoval of large solids such as rags, sticks, grit and grease that may result in damage to equipment or operational problems (Physical treatment)
- 8. PRIMARY TREATMENT It involvesremoval of floating and settable materials, i.e. suspended solids and organic matter (Physical and Chemical);
- 9. SECONDARY TREATMENT It involvesremoval of biodegradable organic matter and suspended solids (Biological and Chemically)
- 10. TERTIARY TREATMENT It involvesremoval of residual suspended solids / dissolved solids (Physical, Chemical and Biological)
- 13. SCREENING Coarse suspendedmatters such as rags, pieces of fabric, fibres, yarns and lint are removed. Bar screens and mechanically cleaned fine screens remove most of the fibres
- 14. EQUALIZATION Effluent streamsare collected into ‘sump pit’. Sometimes mixed effluents are stirred by rotating agitators or by blowing compressed air from below. The pit has a conical bottom for enhancing the settling of solid particles EQUALIZATION TANK
- 15. SEDIMENTATION This processis particularly useful for treatment of wastes containing high percentage of settable solids or when the waste is subjected to combined treatment with sewage. The sedimentation tanks are designed to enable smaller and lighter particles to settle under gravity. The settled sludge is removed from the sedimentation tanks by mechanical scrapping into hoppers and pumping it out subsequently. SEDIMENTATION TANK
- 16. NEUTRALIZATION Normally, pHvalues of cotton finishing effluents are on the alkaline side. Hence, pH value of equalized effluent should be adjusted. Use of dilute sulphuric acid and boiler flue gas rich in carbon dioxide are not uncommon. Since most of the secondary biological treatments are effective in the pH 5 to 9, neutralization step is an important process to facilitate.
- 17. Chemical coagulation and Mechanicalflocculation Finely divided suspended solids and colloidal particles cannot be efficiently removed by simple sedimentation by gravity. In such cases, mechanical flocculation or chemical coagulation is employed.
- 18. Chemical coagulation Itis a controlled process, which forms a floc (flocculent precipitate) and results in obtaining a clear effluent free from matter in suspension or in the colloidal state. The degree of clarification obtained also depends on the quantity of chemicals used. In this method, 80-90% of the TSS 40-70% of BOD, 5days, 30-60% of the COD and 80-90% of the bacteria can be removed. Most commonly used chemicals for chemical coagulation are alum, ferric chloride, ferric sulphate, ferrous sulphate and lime.
- 19. Mechanical flocculation Inmechanical flocculation, the textile waste water is passed through a tank under gentle stirring; the finely divided suspended solids coalesce into larger particles and settle out. Specialized equipment such as clari-flocculator is also available, wherein flocculation chamber is a part of a sedimentation tank.
- 20. Result After PrimaryTreatment INLET EFFULENT PARAMETER AFTER PRIMARY TREATMENT PH 9.0-10.0 8.0-9.0 TSS 500-1500 mg/lit 250-750 mg/lit (50%) decrease COD 1500-3000 mg/lit 600-1200 mg/lit (60%) decrease BOD 200-400 mg/lit 50-100 mg/lit (25%) decrease
- 21.