Textureformstyle

Textureformstyle

• 1.
  Musical Texture, Form, andStyle How musical lines interact
• 2.
  What is MusicalTexture? • Musical Texture refers to a number of different characteristics of music • Texture is the number of parts playing • It refers to whether each line is a melody or harmony part • Texture refers to how each part relates to each other • Can be described as thick, thin, dense, heavy, light • Variations in texture can create contrast and drama • We will look at three basic textures • Monophonic • Polyphonic • Homophonic
• 3.
  Monophonic Texture- “One Sound” •Monophonic means that there is one melodic line with no harmony or accompaniment • If multiple voices or instruments are playing in unison, it is still Monophonic • Examples of monophonic music • Singing solo a capella • Gregorian chant • Unaccompanied instrumental sonatas
• 4.
  Polyphonic Music- “Many Sounds” •Polyphonic means that there are two or more melodic lines of equal importance • Technique of writing several melodic lines that interact is called counterpoint • Often uses imitation, which is when one voice or instrument presents a melodic idea, then another voice repeats it • Not always exact imitation • Examples of polyphonic music • Rounds, fugues, and canons • Partner songs
• 5.
  Homophonic Music- “Same Sounds” •Homophonic means there is one main melody with a less important accompaniment • Accompaniment could be as simple as chords, or it could be more complex • If a line in the accompaniment starts to stand out and become more important, then the texture changes to polyphonic • Examples of homophonic music • Melody and accompaniment • Traditional hymn arrangments
• 6.
  Farandole by GeorgesBizet • Has two themes: a march theme and a dance theme • Starts with the march theme in a homophonic texture, then then violins and violas play a polyphonic section • The high woodwinds then play the dance theme in a homophonic texture • After the full orchestra plays the dance theme, the strings play a monophonic version of the march theme • Listen for other changes in texture
• 7.
  “Hallelujah” by GeorgFrideric Handel • Switches rapidly between all three textures • Word “Hallelujah” is usually homophonic, with some imitative polyphony • “For the Lord God omnipotent reigneth” is usually monophonic • “And he shall reign” is always polyphonic • Changes in texture create contrast for each section of the piece
• 8.
  MUSICAL FORM • Threetechniques that create Form • Repetition • Allows the listener to become familiar with a theme or melody • Often used with another technique • Contrast • Can be a change of mood, dynamics, tempo, timbre • Variation • Alteration of a musical idea so it’s different but still recognizable • Entire pieces can be composed using this technique
• 9.
  Two Major typesof Form • Ternary Form • Three sections: A B A • Can be looked at as a statement of a theme, a contrasting section, and a return to the original • Each section can also be subdivided, as well • Example: Dance of the Reed Pipes from The Nutcracker Suite- By Peter Tchaikovsky • A section introduces the melody • B section uses the trumpets and strings to vary the melody • Return to the A section with the flutes
• 10.
  Two Major typesof Form • Binary Form • Two sections: A B • Can be looked at as a statement of a theme and then a counterstatement with a different theme. • Any section can be repeated • Example: “Contradance No. 7 in E-Flat Major” By Ludwig Von Beethoven • A section uses the 1st violins to introduce the melody, then it is repeated • B section uses a rapid ascending scale, and gives a sense of finality to the piece
• 11.
  Musical Style • Style-a characteristic way of using melody, rhythm, harmony, dynamics, timbre, texture, and form. • Particular combinations create a distinctive sound • Composers from the same area, time, or country often use similar styles • Musical styles change over time, but it is often gradual