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The Anglo-Saxons
- 1. 12/1/16 Bell Ringer What do you think the word “Anglo- Saxon” means? When did the Roman Empire fall?
- 2. The Anglo-Saxon andMedieval Periods 449-1485 Julius Caesar conquered England and claimed it for Rome in 55 B.C. When he sailed from France to England, He found the British Isles inhabited by – Britons—A Celtic people – Picts—A Pre-Celtic people – And Gaels—Another Celtic people in Ireland
- 3. The Britons hada thriving culture that included Agriculture Trade with other Celtic neighbors overseas An oral tradition of literature and learning A priestly class called Druids
- 4. The Celts werean ancient people. They are mentioned in: The Bible—The Galatians. books written by Roman historians. the slave rebellions led by Spartacus. Greek history. Julius Caesar’s Commentarii de bello Galico
- 5. The Romans cameto Britain and introduced its inhabitants to Cities The protection of the Roman military Fine Roman roads Written scholarship And Christianity
- 6. Around A.D.449Around A.D.449 Romanarmies had toRoman armies had to abandon Britain toabandon Britain to defend the city ofdefend the city of Rome.Rome. They left Britain to the invasion of Germanic peoples like Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians
- 7. The Anglo-Saxon Period449-1066
- 8. The Britons--perhaps ledby a Christian commander named Arthur--fought a series of legendary battles against the Anglo-Saxon invaders, but . . .
- 9. were driven toseek refuge in the northern and western areas of the island: Scotland Wales Cornwall and in Britanny – On the west coast of Continental Europe
- 10. The Germanic tribesTheGermanic tribes organized themselvesorganized themselves into a confederation ofinto a confederation of kingdoms like . . .kingdoms like . . . Kent, Sussex, Essex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria.
- 11. The Area ofGermanic settlement became known as Angle-land, or England
- 13. The Anglo-SaxonsThe Anglo-Saxons wereseafaring paganwere seafaring pagan wanderers whose liveswanderers whose lives were . . .were . . . bleak, violent and short.
- 14. At this timethe Germanic societies had not yet adopted Christianity. They revered the warrior culture People gathered in mead halls to – celebrate – Feast – Drink mead – And to listen to tales of heroic achievements as told by poet singers called scops.
- 15. Life onan Anglo-Saxon farm was tough. All the family had to help out - men, women and children. Men cut down trees to clear land for ploughing and to sow crops. – Farmers used oxen to pull ploughs up and down long strip fields. – Children with dogs herded cattle and sheep. They also kept a lookout for wolves - which still lived in Britain at this time. The Anglo-Saxons were great craftsmen too. – Metalworkers made iron tools, knives and swords. – Woodworkers made wooden bowls, furniture, carts and wheels. – Potters made pottery from clay. – Jewelers made beautiful brooches, beads and ornaments from gold, gemstones and glass. The Anglo-Saxons had armies too. But their soldiers didn't fight all the time. After a battle they went home as soon as they could and looked after their animals and crops.
- 16. Anglo-Saxon Laws TheAnglo-Saxons didn't have prisons. People found guilty of crimes were either executed or punished with fines. If they ran away, they became 'outlaws' (outside the law), and anyone could hunt them down - unless they hid in a church. The fine for breaking into someone's home was five shillings (25p), paid to the home-owner. For minor crimes like stealing, a nose or a hand might be cut off. The Saxons had a system called 'weregild', which meant that if you injured someone, you had to pay for the damage! If a person killed someone, they paid money to the dead person's relatives. The idea was to stop long fights or 'blood feuds' between families by making them pay money instead.
- 17. Anglo-Saxons settled inthe land and became. . . An agricultural people Less violent, More secure, More civilized, and Christian
- 18. Thus, one ofthe most important civilizing forces in British history was Christianity.
- 19. Christianity spreadChristianity spread whenSt. Patrickwhen St. Patrick converted the Gaelsconverted the Gaels Who went to Scotland and then south, throughout all Britain as missionaries, transforming the culture.
- 20. Monasteries were importantcenters of learning, where •scribes laboriously copied manuscripts by hand. •the spread of Christianity was accompanied by the spread of literacy.
- 21. Christianity spread soChristianityspread so rapidly that by 690 allrapidly that by 690 all of Britain was at leastof Britain was at least nominally Christian.nominally Christian. But there were two new threats in the horizon.
- 22. The Danes inthe east and the Moslems (Muslims) in the south
- 23. In the 790’s,the Danes invaded northern and eastern England The Danes, who were also known as Vikings Norsemen (“north men” in France) or Normans (Danes who adopted French ways) Settled in northern and eastern England and in Normandy on the coast of France, and became Christians.
- 24. Though the DaneswereThough the Danes were successful in northernsuccessful in northern and eastern England,and eastern England, they were defeated in 878 by Alfred the Great, who forced them to agree to a truce in 886, and accept Christianity
- 25. The Great Anglo-SaxonLeaders http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/z9tdq6f
- 26. Anglo-Saxon Reading & Questions Read the article on the Anglo-Saxons and answer the questions on the back.